KR101562226B1 - Biomass pellet manufacturing method using and Biomass pellet manufacturing equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided in the present invention is a pellet manufacturing method comprising: a primary mixing step of cutting and grinding a waste wood, discarded clothes, waste paper, and waste synthetic resins, preparing 10 wt% of the cut waste based on the total weight, and mixing 30 wt% of food waste, bones, hairs, human wastes, and excrement based on the total weight to the waste; a primary stirring step of heating and stirring a primary mixture mixed in the primary mixing step in a steam heater at 80°C; a secondary mixing step of mixing 50 wt% of coal and graphite and 10 wt% of yellow ocher based on the total weight with the primary mixture stirred in the primary stirring step; a secondary stirring step of stirring a secondary mixture mixed in the secondary mixing step and the primary mixture; an asphalt injecting and stirring step of injecting and mixing asphalt at 100°C to the mixture passing through the secondary stirring step; a deasphalted oil applying and extruding step of extruding the mixture by using an extruder, while applying deasphalted oil formed by mixing graphite and the depasphalted oil on the front end of an extruding die; a coating step of coating the surface of the pellet extruded through the deaspahlted oil applying and extruding step with a coating agent made by mixing asphalt and coal; and a cutting step of cutting the solidified pellet.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a biomass pellet manufacturing method and a biomass pellet manufacturing equipment,

The present invention relates to a pellet for producing a pellet which is a solid fuel using biomass consisting of food waste discharged in large quantities in general households or restaurants, manure such as excrement produced from human beings and livestock animals, A manufacturing method thereof, and a pellet manufacturing apparatus.

As energy and environmental problems become more widespread, there is a growing interest in biomass that can replace fossil fuel resources.

In addition, due to the seriousness of global environmental problems, the Kyoto Protocol, adopted at the Third Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Climate Change (COP3), came into effect and identified the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and the depletion of future fossil fuels. As a result of the Kyoto Protocol becoming effective, governments and corporations are taking a more active step toward securing alternative technologies and resources in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Biomass resources such as garbage, grain, agricultural byproducts, etc., which are common in Korea, are emerging as a practical alternative to solve energy and environmental problems.

These biomass are collectively referred to as organic matter in nature. Biomass is a representative resource that mankind has long used for food, energy, building materials, and daily necessities. However, it has not been well valued for fossil fuels such as petroleum, which can be conveniently and cheaply manufactured to various products.

But in recent years the situation has started to change rapidly. Already, the supply of ethanol for fuel extracted from corn or sugarcane has been shortage, and biodiesel obtained by processing grain seeds or waste cooking oil is growing rapidly in Europe.

In addition, biomass is estimated to have potential to replace not only renewable energy but also various petrochemical-based products. Some say biomass resources are the only "ground resources" that can replace 'underground resources' such as oil and coal.

Examples of such biomass include a variety of microorganisms such as plants and animals, by-products of various human activities, or trash. Examples of such biomass include cereals, wood (waste wood, logging), animal manure, food waste, organic sewage / waste water sludge This can be seen as a representative biomass. At this time, waste wood is mainly recycled as fuel, and manure and food waste are mainly recycled as fertilizer.

On the other hand, a large amount of moisture is contained in biomass (for example, waste wood, sludge, etc.) and waste paper sludge. For example, in the case of waste wood, at least 20% by weight is moisture, and in the case of waste paper sludge, at least 70% by weight is moisture as described above. Accordingly, in order to recycle the waste wood, waste paper sludge and the like as a solid fuel, the pulverization process and the dehydration process must be performed. Dehydration can be performed by a dehydrator, hot air drying (or naturally drying), etc. However, such a method has a limitation in lowering the water content and takes a longer time.

In addition, since the raw biomass has a very high porosity inside the material, it has a problem that the transportation efficiency is low and the amount of heat generation is low because of a large volume.

As a method for utilizing such a biomass, there are known pellet manufacturing technology, ogalite manufacturing technology and the like in addition to the conventionally known carbide baking, and pellets and augarite can be produced by dehydrating And can be regarded as a consolidated fuel having improved transportability and combustibility.

However, these wood-based biomass solid fuels according to the prior art are hardly sufficient to have a sufficient calorific value as compared with coal coke, and are not sufficient for hardness performance. Therefore, when producing castings or mixing and burning with coal coke in steel making It is difficult to exhibit the function as a substitute coke because it is destroyed / burned without enduring the environment in the furnace.

Among biomass, biomass that is not used unfavorably because it is not suitable for use as a solid fuel, such as a large amount of moisture and a large pore, as compared with woody biomass, for example, herbaceous biomass (grass, sunflower Etc.) and food waste biomass (beans, rice hulls, etc.) exist, and a method for effectively utilizing such biomass is sought.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a pellet which is produced from a solid fuel which is pelletized without disposal of food waste, flour, animal manure, rice husks, sawdust, waste woods and the like discharged in daily life, .

According to an aspect of the present invention,

The waste is prepared by cutting and pulverizing waste wood, clothes, waste paper, and waste synthetic resin at intervals of 10 cm, preparing the waste at a ratio of 10% by weight based on the total weight of the waste, A primary mixing step of mixing the manure in a proportion of 30% by weight based on the total weight,

A primary stirring step in which the primary mixture mixed by the primary mixing step is heated and stirred at a temperature of 80 DEG C in steam heating,

A second mixing step of mixing coal and graphite in a ratio of 50% by weight of the total weight and 10% by weight of loess to the primary mixture stirred by the primary stirring step,

A second mixing step of mixing the first mixture by the second mixing step, a second mixing step of mixing the first mixture,

An asphalt injection and stirring step of injecting and mixing asphalt of 100 ° C into the mixture after the secondary stirring step,

An asphalt oil application and extrusion step of extruding the mixture through the asphalt injection and stirring steps using an extruder and applying deasphalted oil by mixing graphite and deasphalted oil to the tip side of the extrusion die,

A coating step of coating the surface of the extruded pellet through the deasphalting and extrusion step with a coating agent prepared by mixing asphalt and coal,

A forming step of allowing the pellets having passed through the coating step to pass through a metal mold to be formed into various shapes,

And a cutting step of cutting the solidified pellet through the molding step.

Further, according to the present invention,

A primary mixing agitator for mixing food wastes, bones, hairs, flour and manure with wastes obtained by cutting and crushing waste wood, clothes, waste paper and waste synthetic resin, heating and stirring the mixture through steam heating,

A second mixing agitator for mixing graphite and loess with a primary mixture stirred by the primary agitator, heating and stirring the mixture through steam heating,

An asphalt injector for injecting asphalt into the secondary mixture to be mixed and agitated by the screw when the secondary mixture passed through the secondary mixing agitator is conveyed through the screw,

An extruder for extruding the asphalt mixture by the asphalt injector,

A graphite and deasphalted oil injector for mixing graphite and deasphalted oil to the extreme end of the extruder and coating the surface of the solid material extruded through the extruder,

The method for coating the surface of the solid material discharged through the graphite and deasphalted oil-injecting injector with the coating agent using a coating agent obtained by mixing asphalt and coal to the solid surface of the extruder front side by the graphite and deasphalted oil- A coater,

A mold for injecting pellets discharged through the coater to form various shapes;

And a cutter for cutting solidified pellets to be discharged having various shapes by coating the surface of the solid material through the mold.

According to the present invention, it is possible to produce pellet-shaped solid fuels for fueling by using biomass, which is food wastes discharged in daily life, old clothes, timber and manure, manure discharged from animals, and industrial wastes such as sawdust, rice hull, The solid fuel produced therefrom can be improved in thermal efficiency and ignitability, and the pellet having excellent combustion efficiency can be obtained.

1 is a flowchart of the process of the present invention.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, a method for producing pellets in the present invention will be described.

The method for producing pellets using biomass in accordance with the present invention comprises a first mixing step (S10), a first stirring step (S20), a second mixing step (S30), a second stirring step (S40), an asphalt injection and stirring step (S50), deasphalting and extrusion (S60), coating (S70), molding (S80), and cutting (S80).

In the primary mixing step S10, waste wood, clothes, waste paper, and waste synthetic resins (collectively referred to as waste in the present invention) are collected and cut at intervals of 10 cm using a cutting device or the like, And the waste having been subjected to the crushing cutting and crushing process is prepared at a ratio of 10% by weight based on the total weight.

Next, 30% by weight of food waste, crushed bone, hairs, flour, manure are added to the cut and crushed wastes to prepare a mixture.

The primary stirring step (S20) means a step in which the primary mixture mixed by the primary mixing step is heated and stirred at a temperature of 80 DEG C in the steam heating.

In this stage, the heating through the heating of the steam enables the adsorption between the primary mixture to be performed well at the same time as stirring.

The secondary mixing step S30 is a step of mixing the primary mixture stirred by the primary stirring step with coal and graphite in a ratio of 50% by weight of the total weight and 10% by weight of the loess, To prepare a tea mixture.

By mixing such coal, graphite and loess with the primary mixture obtained by the primary agitation step, mixing efficiency can be increased.

The second stirring step (S40) is a step of stirring the primary mixture with the secondary mixture mixed by the secondary mixing step, and heating the mixture in the secondary stirring step (S40) It would be desirable to heat the steam while maintaining the temperature.

The asphalt injection and stirring step (S50) refers to a step of injecting and mixing asphalt at 100 DEG C into the mixture which has undergone the secondary stirring step.

Currently, the manufacture of asphalt pavement materials is tedious, expensive, and requires a significant amount of energy to heat the liquid asphalt and maintain the temperature of the liquid asphalt. HMA is produced by heating the asphalt binder to reduce its viscosity and heating to remove moisture from the aggregate prior to mixing.

When the asphalt is in a vessel that is not maintained at a high temperature, the asphalt requires additional energy to heat it to cure and mixable hardness. Mixing is generally carried out with the aggregates at about 300 경우 (about 150 캜) for pure asphalt, 330 ℉ (캜) for polymer modified asphalt, and 200 ℉ (95 캜) for asphalt cement. Packaging and compaction should be carried out with sufficient heating of the asphalt.

Wherein the asphalt pavement material comprises finely divided materials primarily as aggregates or fillers. Aggregates or fillers can be used in any form of the asphalt composition and are selected according to the grade, strength, roughness and stability of the asphalt pavement material.

Aggregates may include a variety of materials of varying shapes and sizes, examples of agglomerates include lime, quicklime, sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete, and the like. One example is a mineral filler which is a very fine, inert material added to asphalt such as hotmix asphalt to improve the density and strength of the mixture. Examples of mineral fillers may include rock powders, slag powders, slaked lime, hydraulic cements, fly ash, fibers, and the like.

In this step, the packing material grade asphalt is injected into the mixture through the secondary agitation step and agitated to increase the heat efficiency and the agitation.

In the deasphalting and oil extrusion and extrusion step (S60), the mixture obtained through the asphalt injection and the stirring step is extruded using an extruder, and deasphalted oil, which is obtained by mixing coal, graphite and deasphalted oil, .

When the deasphalted oil is mixed with graphite and coal, deasphalted oil, graphite and coal are adsorbed between the deasphalted oil and graphite, and a viscous deasphalted oil and graphite and coal mixture are supplied to the tip of the extrusion die. The pellets as a solid fuel can be obtained by supplying deasphalted oil, graphite and coal to the outer surface of the extruded pellets solidified through the die tip side and applying the outer surface of the pellets.

The coating step S70 is a step of coating the surface of the pellet extruded through the deasphalting and extrusion step 60 with a coating agent prepared by mixing asphalt and coal.

In the molding step S80, the gel mixture in which the coal and the asphalt are mixed is coated on the outer surface and the pellets discharged through the extrusion die are injected into the mold side provided at the tip end side of the extrusion die, And it was discharged through a mold.

It is preferable that the mold has various shapes and shapes and is capable of molding pellets.

In addition, the pellets molded in various shapes through the mold of the molding step (S80) can be obtained through the cutting step (S60) in a proper size to obtain the finished pellets.

Hereinafter, an apparatus for producing pellets using biomass using the biomass-based pellet production method will be described.

The present invention relates to a primary mixing agitator (100) for mixing and stirring waste wood, clothes, waste paper, waste synthetic resin, food waste, and the like, and a primary mixer (100) agitated by the primary mixing agitator An asphalt injector 300 for injecting asphalt into a secondary mixture discharged through the secondary mixing agitator 200, and an asphalt injector 300 for injecting asphalt into a secondary mixture discharged through the secondary mixing agitator A graphite and deasphalted oil-injected injector 500 provided at the extreme end of the extruder 400 and a graphite and deasphalted oil-injected injector 500 A coater 600 for treating the surface of the pellet using a coating agent obtained by mixing asphalt and coal with the surface of the pellets discharged through the extruder 400 through the mixed secondary mixture, The discharged pellets Mouth and is comprised of a variety of mold such that the molding form 700, and a cutter 800 for cutting the processed form of a solid having an appropriate shape through the mold 700 in an appropriate size.

Since the primary mixing agitator 100 has the same configuration as that of the secondary mixing agitator 200 to be described later, the primary mixing agitator 100 will be mainly described in the description of the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 2, the primary mixing agitator 100 includes a triangular rotary plate 3 having a triangular shape in section on the upper side of a rotary shaft 2 rotated by an upper motor 1, 3) a plurality of rotary plates 4 are provided on the lower side and the damper 5 can be opened and closed on the lower side.

The waste to be dispensed to the primary mixing agitator 100 is mixed with food waste and general waste. Food waste includes food waste, crushed bone, hairs, flour, manure, and general waste includes waste Wood, clothes, waste paper, and waste synthetic resin, which will be referred to in the present invention.

The food waste is allowed to be added by 30% by weight to the total weight of the total waste to be fed to the primary mixing agitator 100, and the general waste is sorted through a sorting device and cut at intervals of 10 cm using a cutting device or the like And the pulverization is performed through a pulverizer or the like. The pulverizing and grinding process is performed by maintaining the ratio of 10% by weight based on the total weight of the garbage to be fed to the primary mixing agitator 100 to the primary mixing agitator 100 side .

The path to be introduced to the primary mixing agitator 100 side can be conveyed by using the conveyor 10. [

In addition, the transportation and transfer of the garbage to the primary mixing agitator 100 can be performed through a suction process using a duct or the like, and it can be selectively applied depending on the field conditions and the like.

When the general waste and food waste are introduced into the primary mixing agitator 100 as described above, the triangular rotary plate 3 attached to the upper end of the rotary shaft 2 is rotated and rotated by the rotation of the motor 1 So that the waste streams are freely dropped downward in the primary mixing agitator 100 and diffused and distributed.

The waste streams diffused and distributed by the triangular rotary plate 3 are mixed and mixed by a rotating plate 4 which is separated from the rotary shaft 2 by a plurality of spaces and then mixed with the lower side damper 5 of the primary mixing agitator 100 The waste mixture in the mixed and stirred state through the primary mixing agitator 100 is referred to as a primary mixture in the present invention.

Meanwhile, the inside of the primary mixing agitator 100 is preferably heated to raise the temperature. The mixture is heated and stirred at a temperature of 80 캜 through a steam heating furnace (6) into the primary mixing agitator (100).

The primary mixture, which is primarily mixed through the primary mixing agitator 100, is conveyed to the upper side of the secondary mixing agitator 100 through the conveying unit such as the conveyor 10 provided at the lower side, And then flows into the stirrer 200.

The secondary mixing agitator 200 has the same structure as that of the primary mixing agitator 100 described above and includes a motor 1, a rotary shaft 2, a triangular rotary plate 3, a rotary plate 4, And damper (5) are used in the same manner.

Therefore, the primary mixture, which is firstly mixed and stirred through the primary mixing agitator 100, is introduced and introduced into the secondary mixing agitator 200 through the conveyor 10 at the lower end of the primary mixing agitator 100, 50% by weight of coal and 10% by weight of loess were mixed at a ratio of 50% by weight to 10% by weight of loess, and the additives were introduced into the secondary mixer 200 through a separate conveyor 10.

As described above, the secondary mixing agitator 200 is supplied with the mixture of the primary mixture, which has been mixed and stirred through the primary mixing agitator 100, and the additive graphite, coal and yellow soil mixture, which have been mixed through a separate conveyor , And the mixture is stirred and mixed by the triangular rotary plate (3), the rotary plate (4), and the like by the rotation of the motor (1).

By mixing the graphite with the primary mixture obtained by the primary agitation step by mixing the graphite with the coal and the loess, the adsorption efficiency can be increased.

In the second mixing agitator 200, it is preferable to use the steam heater 6 to maintain steam at a temperature of 80 ° C or higher. The garbage mixed in the secondary mixing agitator 200 is referred to as a secondary mixture in the present invention.

Meanwhile, asphalt is injected into the secondary mixture which has been subjected to the mixing treatment through the secondary mixing agitator 200. For this purpose, the secondary mixture mixed and discharged in the secondary mixing agitator 200 is discharged downward The asphalt is injected into the screw 210 through the asphalt injector 300 connected to the screw 210.

Currently, the manufacture of asphalt pavement materials is tedious, expensive, and requires a significant amount of energy to heat the liquid asphalt and maintain the temperature of the liquid asphalt. HMA is produced by heating the asphalt binder to reduce its viscosity and heating to remove moisture from the aggregate prior to mixing. When the asphalt is in a vessel that is not maintained at a high temperature, the asphalt requires additional energy to heat it to cure and mixable hardness.

Mixing is generally carried out with the aggregates at about 300 경우 (about 150 캜) for pure asphalt, 330 ℉ (캜) for polymer modified asphalt, and 200 ℉ (95 캜) for asphalt cement. Packaging and compaction should be carried out with sufficient heating of the asphalt.

Wherein the asphalt pavement material comprises finely divided materials primarily as aggregates or fillers. Aggregates or fillers can be used in any form of the asphalt composition and are selected according to the grade, strength, roughness and stability of the asphalt pavement material.

Aggregates may include a variety of materials of varying shapes and sizes, examples of agglomerates include lime, quicklime, sand, gravel, crushed stone, slag, recycled concrete, and the like. One example is a mineral filler which is a very fine, inert material added to asphalt such as hotmix asphalt to improve the density and strength of the mixture.

Examples of mineral fillers may include rock powders, slag powders, slaked lime, hydraulic cements, fly ash, fibers, and the like.

In the present invention, the asphalt injected through the asphalt injector 300 is injected into the secondary mixture discharged from the secondary mixing agitator 200 using the packing material grade asphalt and agitated, Thereby increasing the agility.

The above-mentioned asphalt is preferably maintained at a temperature of 100 ° C.

As described above, the extruder (400) injects the secondary mixture discharged through the secondary mixing agitator (200) into the screw (210), and then the asphalt injected through the asphalt injector (300) And the structure of the extruder 400 may be employed, so that detailed description of the structure of the extruder 400 will be omitted.

In the process of solidifying and extruding the secondary mixture through the extruder 400, graphite and deasphalted oil are applied through a graphite and deasphalted oil injector 500 for applying deasphalting oil to the extreme end of the extruder .

When the deasphalted oil is mixed with graphite, a mixture of deasphalted oil and graphite having a viscosity at the extreme end of the extruder is supplied through deaeration of deasphalted oil and blackening. In this process, solidification is carried out through the extreme end of the extruder, Deasphalted oil and graphite are supplied to the outer surface of the pellet, and the outer surface of the pellet is treated to obtain the finished solid fuel.

Meanwhile, as described above, the mixture of graphite and deasphalted oil is coated on the outer surface and the solid material discharged through the extrusion die passes through the coater 600 provided at the tip side of the extruder 400, Allow the coating to be coated on the outer surface.

Such a nasal coating agent may be a coating agent prepared by mixing asphalt and coal.

The coating machine 600 to which the coating agent is supplied is formed into a spiral groove with an inner peripheral surface forming an injection port 610 into which a coating agent in a mixed state is gelled with asphalt and coal and is poured into the pellet when the solidified pellet passes. And the outer surface is coated.

Unlike the case of forming a helical groove on the inner circumferential surface of the coater 600, the coating agent injected into the coater 600 through the injection port 610 is filled with the solidified pellets, It is possible.

It is needless to say that the embodiments of the coater 600 may be selectively applied depending on working conditions and environment.

Meanwhile, in order to mold the pellets to be discharged in an appropriate shape through the coating process of the outer surface of the coater 600, a mold 700 is provided on the tip side of the coater 600 so that the pellets are introduced into the mold 700 So as to be shaped into a certain shape and shape within the mold 700, and then discharged into the mold 700. [

The mold 700 can be variously shaped by changing or modifying the pellet.

The pellets molded in various shapes through the mold 700 are cut into a pellet having an appropriate size by a cutter 800 formed at the tip side of the mold 700 in a solidified state, A solid pellet having a shape can be obtained.

S10; Primary mixing step
S20; Primary stirring step
S30; Secondary mixing step
S40; Secondary agitation step
S50; Asphalt injection and stirring steps
S60; Deasphalted oil application and extrusion step
S70; Coating step
S80; Forming mold
S90; Cutting step
One; Motor 2; Rotating shaft
3; A triangular swivel plate 4; Spindle
5; Damper 6; Steam heating
10; conveyor
100; Primary mixing agitator 200; Secondary mixer
210; Screw 300; Asphalt injector
400; An extruder 500; Graphite and deasphalted oil injector
600; Coater 610; Inlet
700; Mold 800; cutter

Claims (3)

The waste is prepared by cutting and pulverizing waste wood, clothes, waste paper, and waste synthetic resin at intervals of 10 cm, preparing the waste at a ratio of 10% by weight based on the total weight of the waste, A primary mixing step of mixing the manure in a proportion of 30% by weight based on the total weight,
A primary stirring step in which the primary mixture mixed by the primary mixing step is heated and stirred at a temperature of 80 DEG C in steam heating,
A second mixing step of mixing coal and graphite in a ratio of 50% by weight of the total weight and 10% by weight of loess to the primary mixture stirred by the primary stirring step,
A second mixing step of mixing the first mixture by the second mixing step, a second mixing step of mixing the first mixture,
An asphalt injection and stirring step of injecting and mixing asphalt of 100 ° C into the mixture after the secondary stirring step,
An asphalt oil application and extrusion step of extruding the mixture through the asphalt injection and stirring steps using an extruder and applying deasphalted oil by mixing graphite and deasphalted oil to the tip side of the extrusion die,
A coating step of coating the surface of the extruded pellet through the deasphalting and extrusion step with a coating agent prepared by mixing asphalt and coal,
A forming step of allowing the pellets having passed through the coating step to pass through a metal mold to be formed into various shapes,
And a cutting step of cutting the solidified pellet through the shaping step.
A primary mixing agitator for mixing food wastes, bones, hairs, flour and manure with wastes obtained by cutting and crushing waste wood, clothes, waste paper and waste synthetic resin, heating and stirring the mixture through steam heating,
A second mixing agitator for mixing graphite and loess with a primary mixture stirred by the primary mixing agitator and heating and stirring through steam heating;
An asphalt injector for injecting asphalt into the secondary mixture to be mixed and agitated by the screw when the secondary mixture passed through the secondary mixing agitator is conveyed through the screw,
An extruder for extruding the asphalt mixture by the asphalt injector,
A graphite and deasphalted oil injector for mixing graphite and deasphalted oil to the extreme end of the extruder and coating the surface of the solid material extruded through the extruder,
The method for coating the surface of the solid material discharged through the graphite and deasphalted oil-injecting injector with the coating agent using a coating agent obtained by mixing asphalt and coal to the solid surface of the extruder front side by the graphite and deasphalted oil- A coater,
A mold for injecting pellets discharged through the coater to form various shapes;
And a cutter for cutting solidified pellets to be discharged, the solid pellets having various shapes and coated on the surface of the solid material through the mold.
3. The method of claim 2,
Wherein the inner peripheral surface of the coater is formed in a spiral shape.

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