KR101493732B1 - Environment-friendly mulching material and manufacturing method threreof - Google Patents

Abstract

According to the present invention, a method for manufacturing an environment-friendly mulching material utilizes trees damaged by disease and insects, such as trees damaged by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, and trees infected by oak wilt which are not usually used as timber in Korea. Therefore, unused resources which are difficult to be utilized in Korea are preferentially used. The environment-friendly mulching material is manufactured by thermal processing under the condition that cellulose among timber components of a raw material is not pyrolyzed and hemicellulose is pyrolyzed by supplying a certain heat at temperatures of 150 to 240°C for 10 to 20 minutes. As a result, by being made of natural materials, the manufactured environment-friendly mulching material does not cause soil pollution, naturally decomposes, and prevents the evaporation of moisture in soil.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly mulching material,

The present invention relates to an environmentally friendly mulching material and a method of manufacturing the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to an environmentally friendly mulching material which is made of a natural material and does not cause soil contamination,

Generally, mulching refers to covering a soil surface of a crop or a tree with organic residues such as vinyl, paper, hay, leaves, straw, sawdust, wool, animal feces, and the like, It has been known that it has a function of appropriately maintaining temperature and moisture, which are necessary conditions for their growth, when cultivated. These mulching materials are useful for growing crops and trees. They are used to prevent water loss such as late spring or early summer, which is a relatively high temperature. In the case of low temperature in autumn and winter, Can be expected. In addition, it can prevent the damage of crops and trees that may occur at the time of delaying the growth of growing perennial plants or freeze thawing at the time of early spring in winter, further preventing the erosion of surrounding soil, It is often used for the purpose of protecting crops from the effect of inhibiting the generation of microorganisms and viruses.

The effect of these mulching materials on the cultivation of crops and trees can be complex depending on the water content of the soil. One is to prevent the moisture loss of soils and crops in dry mulching material, so that the sunlight reaches the soil surface, forming a layer between the mulching material and the atmosphere and shading by the mulching material to properly block the light And the other is to appropriately absorb moisture to prevent complete drying to such an extent that the soil and crops grow in the mulching material during the wet season and finally maintain the moisture of the crop and soil appropriately, And has the function of maximizing the problems that may occur due to nutrient supply and the like due to saturation and lack of moisture during cultivation of crops and trees.

The mulching materials used therefor vary from straw or hay to polymer films or vinyls, and usually use low-cost, easy-to-use vinyl resins. However, in the case of such a vinyl resin, it is possible to maintain the moisture or warmth of the soil, but the oxygen supply to the soil is not smooth and the development of the crop roots is not feasible, and collection after the harvest of the crop is not easy It has not been recycled and mixed with soil. However, since it does not rot over time, it causes serious soil pollution.

In order to solve such problems, studies on biodegradable mulching materials in the natural state have been conducted, and these have limited natural decomposition by soil microorganisms by using plastic as a base polymer.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an eco-friendly mulching material which is made of a natural material and does not cause soil contamination, has excellent natural decomposability and smoothly supplies oxygen to the soil, And a method for producing the same.

A method of manufacturing an environmentally friendly mulching material according to the present invention comprises the steps of preparing a small sized wood material by cutting wood of a wood type to a predetermined size and heating the small sized wood material at a temperature of 150 to 240 캜, And thermally processing the hemicellulose so that the hemicellulose is thermally decomposed without causing thermal decomposition of the cellulose.

Further, the high-temperature processing step may include supplying the wood material to the inside of the drum through the opening member formed in the front of the drum and comprising an input member provided on the upper side of the main frame and a cylindrical drum, A rotary drum cylinder rotatably coupled to the body frame to rotate about the horizontal rotary shaft, a motor member for rotating the rotary drum cylinder, and a rotary drum installed at the outer side of the rotary drum cylinder, And a heating member for heating the wood material into the rotary drum, and the wood material injected into the rotary drum is heated by the heating member for a predetermined time Which is obtained by performing rapid thermal processing And a gong.

Further, the high-temperature processing step is performed at a temperature of 200 to 240 degrees for 10 to 20 minutes.

Further, the woody material is transferred from the raw hopper for storing the produced small-sized woody material by using a conveyor belt, and then a high-temperature processing step is performed.

Further, a wood material discharged from the wood roaster is taken out from the rotary drum and is supplied to a discharge hopper, and a sprinkler is provided on the discharge hopper to digest the ignited wood material, And spraying the water spray by the sprinkler to mitigate the generated smoke.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an eco-friendly mulching material which is made of natural materials, does not cause soil pollution, is excellent in natural decomposability, and smoothly supplies oxygen to the soil, and does not affect the development of crop roots.

In addition, the present invention provides an environmentally friendly mulching material that is effective in maintaining moisture and moisture, and is excellent in sterilization effect by suppressing moisture contained in the mulching material, and inhibiting germination of the mulberry.

1 is an overall view of a continuous type rapid wood thermal processing apparatus used in the present invention,
Figure 2 is a side view of the woodroaster in Figure 1,
Figure 3 is a front view of the woodroaster in Figure 1,
FIG. 4 is a view showing the smoke in FIG. 1,
FIG. 5 is a photograph showing a result of an experiment on the sterilization effect using the environmentally friendly mulching material according to the present invention,
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the germination rate of hairbrush according to the elapsed days after the germination inhibition experiment was carried out using the environmentally friendly mulching material according to the present invention.

The eco-friendly mulching material according to the present invention is a natural mulch material which is processed through a separate processing step, which is excellent in sterilization effect without causing soil contamination and is effective in growth and development of crops by inhibiting germination of weeds.

Hereinafter, an eco-friendly mulching material according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to its manufacturing method.

The eco-friendly mulching material according to the present invention is applied as a raw material for pest damage such as pine rehabilitated tree and oak wilt infected tree which is difficult to use as a domestic material in domestic, And other oak trees such as pine, pine, cedar, Japanese white pine, and Japanese larch oak, oak oak, oak oak, oak oak, and acacia Wood, birch and the like can be applied as raw materials for the mulching material of the present invention.

First, the step of cutting a wood of the domestic wood species of the domestic species into a predetermined length to produce a small-sized woody material is carried out. In this step, the logs are cut to a size of about 10 to 30 cm in length and about 3 to 5 cm in diameter.

The small-sized woody material cut to a predetermined size is transferred to a heat processing apparatus and heated at a temperature of about 150 ° C. to 240 ° C. for 10 minutes to 20 minutes so as not to cause thermal decomposition of the cellulose among the ingredients of the wood, The high-temperature processing is performed under the condition that hemicellulose is pyrolyzed.

The reason why the temperature is maintained above 150 ° C at this stage is that the chemical and physical properties of wood are changed due to pyrolysis of hemicellulose at a temperature of 150 ° C or more among the chemical components constituting the wood. Through this process, the shrinkage and expansion rate are stabilized The durability is improved and the heat insulation performance is increased. The thermal processing in the present invention is carried out at a temperature of 240 ° C. or less. The reason why the temperature is lower than 240 ° C. is because the cellulose in the wood is thermally decomposed at 240 to 350 ° C., The strength of the mulching material is lowered, and the mulching material is easily broken. Therefore, in the present invention, it is carried out at 240 degrees or less at which thermal decomposition of cellulose does not occur.

In the meantime, in the present invention, in order to produce high-efficiency mulching material by continuously and rapidly performing thermal processing in the high-temperature processing process, a continuous type rapid wood thermal processing apparatus is developed, and the mulching material .

The continuous type rapid wood thermal processing apparatus used in the present invention is as follows. 1 to 4 are views showing a continuous type rapid wood thermal processing apparatus used in the present invention. FIG. 1 is an overall view of a continuous type rapid wood thermal processing apparatus used in the present invention. Fig. 3 is a front view of the woodroaster in Fig. 1, and Fig. 4 is a view showing the smoke in Fig. 1. Fig.

The continuous type rapid wood thermal processing apparatus used in the present invention comprises a feedstock feeder for continuously feeding raw materials as small-sized woody materials, a wood roaster 300 for processing woody materials by rapid high-temperature thermal processing, And a smoke (500) for removing smoke generated from the wood roaster (300).

The raw material feeder is for continuously feeding a small piece of woody material to the wood roaster 300, and comprises a raw hopper 210 for storing woody material as shown in FIG. 2, And a conveyor belt 260, as shown in Fig.

A raw material hopper 210 is for storing a small sized woody material and a screw conveyor 212 driven by a motor 211 is installed below the raw hopper 210 so that the raw material stored in the raw hopper 210 And is supplied to the stacking container 220 under the bucket conveying device 250 by the screw conveyor 212.

The bucket conveying device 250 is for conveying the raw materials supplied from the raw hopper 210 to the conveyor belt 260 and includes a driving pulley 251 and a driving pulley 252 installed at the upper and lower ends and driven by a motor A drive chain 253 wound and driven between the drive pulley 251 and the driven pulley 252 and a drive chain 253 installed at a predetermined interval in the drive chain 253 and being driven to rotate in the loading container 220, And a plurality of buckets 254 for conveying. The bucket 254 is driven by the driving chain 253 by the motor so that the bucket 254 installed in the driving chain 253 is moved from the hopper 210 The raw material is vertically lifted in the loading container 220 in which the raw material is loaded and the raw material is dropped on the conveyor belt 260 at the upper end of the bucket feeding device 250. Then, the material dropped on the conveyor belt 260 is conveyed by the conveyor belt 260 and put into the temporary storage tank 270.

The temporary storage tank 270 is provided above the wood roaster 300 for temporary storage of the raw material conveyed by the conveyor belt 260. The temporary storage tank 270 includes a cover And a stirring member 273 driven by a motor 274 is installed in a lower portion of the temporary storage tank 270. The stirring member 273 is provided with a plurality of stirring blades 276 on a driving shaft 275 driven by a motor 274. [ In the temporary storage tank 270, the hot air, from which the smoke is removed through the refiner 500, is supplied through the air moving pipe 570. When the stirring wing 276 is rotated by the motor 274, The air supplied to the temporary storage tank 270 is discharged through the air discharge pipe 272 formed in the lid 271 to the outside through the air discharge pipe 272 formed in the lid 271. [ do.

At the lower end of the temporary storage tank 270, a gate valve 277 operated by the hydraulic cylinder 278 is installed to periodically supply the stored raw material to the wood roaster 300.

The woodroaster 300 is used for rapid high-temperature heat treatment of the woody material to be supplied. The woodroaster 300 includes a charging member 320 and a rotary drum 330 which are respectively installed in the body frame 310 and a rotary drum 330 for rotating the rotary drum 330 A motor member 340, and a heating member 350 for heating the rotary drum 330.

The feeding member 320 is for supplying the wood raw material supplied from the temporary storage tank 270 to the rotary drum 330 and includes a feeding guide member 321 and a feeding pipe 321 connected to the lower end of the feeding guide member 321. [ (322). The introduction guide member 321 has a funnel shape so that the raw material introduced into the upper portion of the insertion guide member 321 is guided to the inlet pipe 322 along the funnel shape and is guided along the inlet pipe 322 connected to the rotary drum 330 And is supplied into the rotary drum 330.

The connection pipe 322 is connected to a connection 327 for exhausting the exhaust gas generated by the thermal processing of the raw material and the connection 327 is connected to the connection pipe 322 for removing the dust, A metal mesh 328 is provided. An opening / closing valve 323 for selectively opening and closing the connection pipe 327 and the inlet pipe 322 is installed at one side of the inlet pipe 322 to which the connection pipe 327 is connected. A swivel cylinder 324 is provided in the on-off valve 323 to close the end of the connection 327 by the operation of the swivel cylinder 324 and to open the inlet pipe 322 to feed the raw material into the rotary drum 330 The supply pipe 322 is closed while the end of the connection 327 connected to the supply pipe 322 is opened and the exhaust gas generated from the rotary drum 330 is supplied to the pipe 322 ).

The rotary drum 330 is for rapidly and rapidly drying and heat-treating the woody raw material supplied into the rotary drum 330. Both ends of a horizontal rotary shaft 331 formed at the center of the cylindrical drum 330 are connected to the body frame 330, Respectively, to the front and rear frames 311 and 312 of the frame 310, respectively. The front of the rotating drum 330 is opened and communicated with the charging tube 322 of the charging member 320 so that the raw material supplied from the charging member 320 is supplied into the rotating drum 330. A piercing plate 332 is provided in the rotary drum 330 so that the air heated by the heating member flows into the rotary drum 330 through the pier plate 332 and the heated air is heated by the heating member 350, To facilitate the thermal processing.

The motor member 340 is provided below the main body frame 310 to rotate the rotary drum 330 about the rotary shaft 331 and below the rotary drum 330. The motor member 340 includes a driving pulley And is connected to a driven pulley formed at one end of a rotary shaft 331 of the rotary drum 330 so as to be connected to the rotary drum 330 via a belt.

The heating member 350 is for heating the rotary drum 330 at the outer side of the rotary drum 330. In this embodiment, a gas burner is installed at the lower side of the rotary drum 30. Therefore, the gas supplied from the gas tank (not shown) is supplied to the gas head to heat the rotary drum 330.

The outer housing 313 is installed in the circumferential direction of the rotary drum 330 so as to surround the remaining portion of the rotary drum 330 except for the portion heated by the heating member 350. The outer housing 313 has an inner side And includes a heat shield cover 313a and an outer heat shield cover 313b spaced from the heat shield cover 313a.

4, a transparent window 314 is installed on one side of the front frame 311 of the body frame 310 to observe the processing of the raw material and a thermometer (315).

A discharge cover 360 is installed in the front frame 311 of the body frame 310 so as to be openable to the front frame 311 to discharge the heat-treated raw material. After a predetermined time has elapsed, The discharge cover 360 is opened by the swivel cylinder 361 attached to the discharge cover 360. [ When the discharge cover 360 is opened, the material is advanced by the transfer blade (not shown) formed on the inner circumferential surface of the rotary drum 330 and discharged through the front opening of the rotary drum 330. In order to guide the discharge of the heat- In the front frame 311, a discharge guide pipe 370 is installed to be inclined downward.

A discharge hopper 380 is provided below the discharge guide pipe 370 and a sprinkler 381 is provided above the discharge hopper 380. Immediately after completion of the thermal processing, there may be a ligneous material that is ignited. The water spray is sprayed by the sprinkler 381 to extinguish and further relieve the generated smoke.

The smoke remover 500 is for removing smoke from the exhaust gas generated by the thermal processing of the raw material in the wood roaster 300 and includes a housing 510 to which exhaust gas is supplied, An intermediate connection part 530 installed vertically in the interior of the housing 510 and a blower 560 for sucking air through the connection part 530. [ .

The intermediate partition wall filter unit 520 has a structure in which an activated carbon filter 521 and a filter 522 are laminated so that the exhaust gas flowing into the upper space is primarily filtered and moved to the lower space. The upper and lower portions of the connection 530 vertically installed in the housing 510 are disposed in the upper space 511 and the lower space 512 of the housing 510 respectively and the lower portion of the connection 530 is connected to the upper A plurality of ventilation holes 531 are formed on the outer circumferential surface of the lower portion of the housing 510 and are disposed in the lower space 512 of the housing 510. The lower portion of the upper portion 511 of the housing 530, The filter member 540 is provided with an activated carbon filter 541 disposed alternately between the three-stage filters 542.

The exhaust gas supplied to the upper space 511 of the smoke 500 is primarily filtered by the partition filter portion 520 installed in the middle of the housing 510 and is moved to the lower space 512, The exhaust gas that has been transferred to the exhaust passage 512 is moved to the inside of the connection 530 through the lower end of the connection 530 and the air hole. At this time, the small dust powder contained in the exhaust gas falls due to its own weight, 510). ≪ / RTI >

The exhaust gas moving to the inside of the connection 530 is moved upward along the connection 530, and then the water vapor and the smoke are removed through the activated carbon filter 541 and the three- .

The movement of the exhaust gas is performed by the blower 560 installed in the connection 530 extending out of the housing 510 and the negative pressure of the smoke 500 applied by the air suction of the blower 560 A gate valve 329 is provided in association 327 for proper adjustment.

The hot air from which the smoke is removed by the smoke 500 is supplied to the temporary storage tank 270 through the air moving pipe 570 to be used for preheating the woody material.

The process of the continuous type rapid wood thermal processing apparatus having the above structure will be described. First, the small-sized woody material stored in the raw hopper 210 is supplied to the loading container 220 by the screw conveyor 212 The bucket conveying device 250 is driven so that the bucket 254 raises the raw material supplied to the loading container 220 and then conveys the conveyed material to the conveyor belt 260. The conveyed raw material is supplied to the temporary storage tank 270 by the conveyor belt 260 and the raw material is mixed by the agitating member 273 in the temporary storage tank 270 and the high temperature Air is supplied and preheated and dried.

The preheated and dried raw material is supplied from the temporary storage tank 270 to the input member 320 of the wood roaster 300. The open / close valve 323 installed at one side of the input pipe 322 closes the connection 327 and is connected to the input pipe 322 are opened to the supply guide member 321. Then, the supplied raw material is guided by the insertion guide member 321 and supplied into the rotary drum 330 along the injection pipe 322.

When the predetermined amount of the raw material is supplied to the rotary drum 330, the open / close valve 323 provided in the discharge pipe 322 is opened and the discharge pipe 322 is closed, Thereby causing exhaust gas to be exhausted through the association 327.

Next, the motor member 340 is operated to rotate the rotary drum 330, the gas burner as the heating member 350 is ignited to heat the rotary drum 330, and the wood material is heated by the heating of the rotary drum 330 Heat treatment is performed at a temperature of about 150 ° C to 240 ° C for 10 minutes to 20 minutes.

Meanwhile, in the present invention, since the raw material is put in a state of being heated to a temperature of 150 ° C. to 240 ° C. and rapidly heat-treated, there is a problem that the woody raw material is generally carbonized in black. As described above, It is possible to process continuously and rapidly within a period of time while preventing such a problem by performing heat treatment while being rotated in the process chamber 330.

The woody material having been subjected to the heat treatment process is taken out from the rotary drum 330 of the woodroaster 300 to complete the manufacture of the mulching material. In addition, the conveyor belt 390 is conveyed to the crusher 400) to a final size of 0.5 cm to 1 cm. The thus recovered mulching material is used to cover the surrounding environment such as trees and crops.

Accordingly, since the environment-friendly mulching material according to the present invention is manufactured through the above-described process, it is possible to solve the problem that the supply of oxygen to the soil is not smooth and the development of the root of the crop is not strong in the case of vinyl which is widely used in the past, There is an advantage that natural decomposition is excellent by using wood. In addition, the environmentally friendly mulching material according to the present invention not only prevents water from being evaporated in the wet soil in the dry season while containing moisture in the wet season, but also has the advantage of preventing the drying of the soil by discharging moisture contained in the mulching material It is.

In addition, it was confirmed that the mulching material of the present invention thus discharged had an effect of sterilization from the water. The sterilization process is as follows.

First, 10 g of the mulching material of the present invention prepared as described above is placed in each of three containers. Water is poured into the container 1 to make the total volume of the container 1000 ml, 500 ml for the container 2, 200 ml for the container 3, To prepare a low, medium and high concentration mulching material extract according to the concentration.

 The extract thus prepared was poured into a 90 mm Petri dish and kept at 4 ° C. The prepared extract was sterilized after addition of LB broth (LB medium) and agar (1.5%). All the work was performed on a clean bench and no antibiotics were added.

FIG. 5 shows a photograph of bacillus bacterium cultured for 30 hours using the low, middle, and high concentration mulching reagent extracts. 50 μl of pre-cultured bacillus bacteria was soaked in a sterilized filter, and each of them was dried in a clean bench for 3 hours and then cultured in a 30 ° C. incubator for 30 hours.

FIG. 5 is a photograph of bacillus bacterium cultured for 30 hours using low, medium, and high concentration mulching material extracts from the left, respectively. As a result, bacillus culture conditions using the high concentration mulching material extract showed a higher growth rate And thus it can be confirmed that sterilization effect is obtained from the mulching material extract of the present invention.

In addition, germination experiments of weeds were carried out using the extract of mulching material according to the present invention. In this germination experiment, weevil seeds were used as annual plants, and mulching materials were applied to the oak trees, which are the defendants of the oak silkworms, as described above. First, the hair bud seed is immersed in the lactose diluted solution and then washed three to four times under water pressure. Then, the filter paper was put on a petri dish, and a predetermined amount of the extract obtained as described above was soaked in a filter paper with a pipette. Then, 20 seeds of the hairy bittern seeds prepared were placed on the filter paper, and the number of seeds germinated was counted according to the number of days. .

Fig. 6 shows the results of germination experiments of weeds. In FIG. 6, 1% 1h, 1% 5h and 1% 10h are extracts obtained by immersing 10g of mulching material in 1000ml of water for 1hr, 5hr and 10hr, respectively. As shown in FIG. 6, the germination rate was 90% in the case of the control without treatment of the mulching agent extract on the 6th day, while the germination rate was 55% in the 1% 1h test specimen and 35% When the mulching re-extract was treated, the germination rate was remarkably decreased. Therefore, it is possible to confirm the effect of supporting the growth and development of the crops by inhibiting germination of other weeds in the cultivated soil.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to solve the problem of contamination of the soil by using natural timber which is an eco-friendly material compared with the conventional vinyl resin which is conventionally used. Thus, the sterilization effect as well as the germination of the weeds can be suppressed, It is possible to provide an environment-friendly mulching material effective for development. The eco-friendly mulching material of the present invention can be applied to cultivation such as ginseng cultivation, tree planting, cultivation such as onion, garlic, and green onion, and cultivation for horticultural flowers such as lily and Daria, It can also be applied to management.

While the present invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to exemplary embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed exemplary embodiments, but, on the contrary, Any person skilled in the art will be able to carry out various modifications.

210: Raw material hopper 220: Loading container
250: bucket transfer device 254: bucket
260: Conveyor belt 270: Temporary storage tank
272: air discharge pipe 273: stirring member
300: Wood Roaster 310: Body frame
311: front frame 313: outer housing
320: input member 321: input guide member
322: inlet pipe 323: opening / closing valve
327: Associated 330: Rotating Drum
331: rotating shaft 340: motor member
350: heating member 360: exhaust cover
370: discharge guide pipe 500:

Claims (7)

Cutting a wood-shaped wood to a predetermined size to produce a small-sized woody material;
Heat treating the small-sized woody material at a temperature of from 150 ° C to 240 ° C to perform high-temperature processing so that hemicellulose is pyrolyzed without causing thermal decomposition of cellulose among components of the woody material,
Wherein the high-temperature processing step comprises supplying a wood material to the interior of the drum through the opening member formed in the front of the drum, and a charging member provided on the upper side of the main frame and a tubular drum, A rotary drum cylinder rotatably coupled to the body frame to rotate about the horizontal rotary shaft; a motor member for rotating the rotary drum cylinder; and a heating unit installed on the outer side of the rotary drum cylinder to heat the rotary drum cylinder And the lumber material charged in the rotary drum is heated by the heating member for a predetermined period of time while being rotated while rotating the rotary drum. Characterized in that it is processed Wherein said method comprises the steps of: delete The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the high-temperature processing step is performed at a temperature of 150 ° C to 240 ° C for 10 minutes to 20 minutes. The method according to claim 1,
Wherein the small-sized woody material is produced from a pest-damaged tree. 5. The method of claim 4,
Wherein said pest-damaging tree is a pest-damaging tree including pine wilt disease or oak wilt disease. The method according to claim 1,
Further comprising the step of crushing the ligneous material having undergone the heat treatment after the high-temperature processing step to a predetermined size by a crusher. An eco-friendly mulching material produced by the manufacturing method according to any one of claims 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

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