KR101422439B1 - 가스 평형된 극저온 팽창 엔진 - Google Patents
가스 평형된 극저온 팽창 엔진 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- KR101422439B1 KR101422439B1 KR1020137032733A KR20137032733A KR101422439B1 KR 101422439 B1 KR101422439 B1 KR 101422439B1 KR 1020137032733 A KR1020137032733 A KR 1020137032733A KR 20137032733 A KR20137032733 A KR 20137032733A KR 101422439 B1 KR101422439 B1 KR 101422439B1
- Authority
- KR
- South Korea
- Prior art keywords
- piston
- pressure
- line
- valve
- gas
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 44
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008450 motivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B9/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts, not specific to groups F01B1/00 - F01B7/00
- F01B9/04—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by connections between pistons and main shafts, not specific to groups F01B1/00 - F01B7/00 with rotary main shaft other than crankshaft
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B21/00—Combinations of two or more machines or engines
- F01B21/04—Combinations of two or more machines or engines the machines or engines being not all of reciprocating-piston type, e.g. of reciprocating steam engine with steam turbine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B23/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of engines with devices driven thereby
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
- F01B25/00—Regulating, controlling or safety means
- F01B25/02—Regulating or controlling by varying working-fluid admission or exhaust, e.g. by varying pressure or quantity
- F01B25/08—Final actuators
- F01B25/10—Arrangements or adaptations of working-fluid admission or discharge valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/06—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using expanders
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Compressor (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
- Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
도 2는 단면도로 도시되어 있는 고온 단부에서 구동 스템을 갖는 실린더 내의 피스톤을 갖는 엔진(200)을 도시하고 있는 밸브와 열교환기의 개략도이다. 이 개략도는 고온 변위된 체적과 압축기 저압 라인 사이에 연결되며 구동 스템 내의 수동 밸브를 갖는 라인을 도시하고 있다.
도 3은 도 1 및 도 2에 도시되어 있는 엔진에 대한 압력-체적 선도를 도시하고 있다.
도 4는 도 1 및 도 2에 도시되어 있는 엔진에 대한 밸브 개방 및 폐쇄 시퀀스를 도시하고 있다.
3: 변위된 체적(DVc) 4: 변위된 체적(DVw)
13: 체크 밸브(CVi) 15: 조정 가능 밸브(Vwi)
31: 저압 복귀 라인 32: 라인
35: 라인 40: 역류 열교환기
100: 엔진 조립체 200: 엔진
Claims (6)
- 극저온 온도(cryogenic temperature)에서 냉동을 발생시키기 위해 압축기로부터 공급되며 제1 라인에서 고압으로 공급되고 제2 라인에서 저압으로 복귀되는 가스로 작동하는 팽창 엔진으로서,
실린더 내의 피스톤으로서, 상기 피스톤은 상기 제2 라인으로부터의 저압 가스가 작용하는 고온 단부에 구동 스템을 갖고,
상기 피스톤이 상기 실린더의 저온 단부에 간극을 두고 가까이 있을 때 그리고 상기 고온 단부를 향해 이동하는 동안에 고압 가스를 유입하며, 상기 피스톤이 상기 실린더의 고온 단부에 간극을 두고 가까이 있을 때 그리고 저온 단부를 향해 이동함에 따라 가스를 저압부로 배기하는 입구 및 출구 밸브를 상기 실린더의 저온 단부에 갖고,
상기 피스톤의 이동이 야기될 수 있을 정도로, 상기 피스톤의 고압 단부 상의 압력을, 상기 저압 단부 상의 압력과 충분히 차이가 나게 유지하는 수단을 포함하는 팽창 엔진. - 제1항에 있어서, 상기 피스톤이 이동하는 동안, 상기 피스톤의 고압 단부 상의 압력을 충분히 차이가 나게 유지하는 수단은, 압축기로부터의 고압 라인과 상기 고온 단부 사이에 연결된 제1 분기 라인 및 제2 분기 라인을 포함하고, 제1 분기 라인에는 스로틀 밸브와 직렬 관계인 입구 체크 밸브가 있으며, 제2 분기 라인에는 스로틀 밸브와 직렬 관계인 출구 체크 밸브가 있는 것인 팽창 엔진.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 피스톤의 고온 단부 상의 압력은, 상기 피스톤의 고온 단부와 압축기로부터의 고압 라인 사이에서, 상기 피스톤이 능동 밸브와 수동 밸브 중 하나에 의해 상기 저온 단부에 간극을 두고 가까이 있는 동안 저압으로부터 고압으로 증가되는 것인 팽창 엔진.
- 제3항에 있어서, 상기 수동 밸브는 상기 구동 스템 내에 포함되는 것인 팽창 엔진.
- 제2항에 있어서, 상기 피스톤이 고온 단부와 저온 단부 사이에서 이동하는 속도는 상기 스로틀 밸브의 유동 면적을 변경함으로써 변경되는 것인 팽창 엔진.
- 제2항에 있어서, 열이 상기 출구 체크 밸브를 갖는 라인에서의 냉각기에 의해 고온 단부로부터 제거되는 것인 팽창 엔진.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/106,218 US8776534B2 (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2011-05-12 | Gas balanced cryogenic expansion engine |
US13/106,218 | 2011-05-12 | ||
PCT/US2012/029432 WO2012154299A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 | 2012-03-16 | Gas balanced cryogenic expansion engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
KR20140000355A KR20140000355A (ko) | 2014-01-02 |
KR101422439B1 true KR101422439B1 (ko) | 2014-07-22 |
Family
ID=47139493
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
KR1020137032733A KR101422439B1 (ko) | 2011-05-12 | 2012-03-16 | 가스 평형된 극저온 팽창 엔진 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US8776534B2 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP5894663B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR101422439B1 (ko) |
CN (1) | CN103814191B (ko) |
DE (1) | DE112012002047B4 (ko) |
GB (1) | GB2504045B (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2012154299A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9435291B2 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2016-09-06 | Cold Power Systems Inc. | Energy transfer machines |
DE112012006734B4 (de) | 2012-07-26 | 2024-11-07 | Sumitomo (Shi) Cryogenics Of America, Inc. | Brayton-Kreismotor |
CN105008821B (zh) | 2013-01-11 | 2017-03-15 | 住友(Shi)美国低温研究有限公司 | Mri冷却设备 |
CN106062491B (zh) * | 2013-12-19 | 2019-11-08 | 住友(Shi)美国低温研究有限公司 | 混合式布雷顿-吉福德-麦克马洪膨胀机 |
US9719415B2 (en) | 2015-01-15 | 2017-08-01 | Etagen, Inc. | Energy storage and conversion in free-piston combustion engines |
US11215385B2 (en) | 2015-01-28 | 2022-01-04 | Sumitomo (Shi) Cryogenic Of America, Inc. | Hybrid Gifford-McMahon-Brayton expander |
JP6403608B2 (ja) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-10-10 | 住友重機械工業株式会社 | 極低温冷凍機及びロータリージョイント |
DE112016002485B4 (de) | 2015-06-03 | 2024-03-14 | Sumitomo (Shi) Cryogenics Of America, Inc. | Expansionsmaschine und verfahren zum produzieren von kühlung |
CN106337757B (zh) * | 2016-11-22 | 2017-10-24 | 肖炀 | 一种斯特林发动机可变体积式活塞 |
CN106679217B (zh) * | 2016-12-16 | 2020-08-28 | 复旦大学 | 一种机械振动隔离的液氦再凝聚低温制冷系统 |
US10753653B2 (en) | 2018-04-06 | 2020-08-25 | Sumitomo (Shi) Cryogenic Of America, Inc. | Heat station for cooling a circulating cryogen |
USD1000835S1 (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2023-10-10 | Shenzhen Xinjike Cross-border E-commerce Co., Ltd. | Earphone box |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6205791B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-03-27 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High efficiency modular cryocooler with floating piston expander |
KR100636474B1 (ko) | 2001-02-08 | 2006-10-18 | 프랙스에어 테크놀로지, 인코포레이티드 | 극저온 냉각 제공 시스템 |
JP2007522371A (ja) | 2004-01-12 | 2007-08-09 | リキッドピストン, インコーポレイテッド | 混成サイクル燃焼エンジンおよび方法 |
KR20090031436A (ko) * | 2006-07-21 | 2009-03-25 | 엠디아이 모터 디벨로프먼트 인터내셔날 에스.에이. | 상온 열에너지 등압 극저온 엔진 |
Family Cites Families (29)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2607322A (en) | 1946-04-26 | 1952-08-19 | Little Inc A | Expansion engine |
US3045436A (en) | 1959-12-28 | 1962-07-24 | Ibm | Pneumatic expansion method and apparatus |
GB1050270A (ko) | 1963-11-12 | |||
US3438220A (en) | 1966-11-14 | 1969-04-15 | 500 Inc | Expansion engine for cryogenic refrigerators and liquefiers and apparatus embodying the same |
US3613385A (en) * | 1969-06-12 | 1971-10-19 | Cryogenic Technology Inc | Cryogenic cycle and apparatus |
US3609982A (en) * | 1970-05-18 | 1971-10-05 | Cryogenic Technology Inc | Cryogenic cycle and apparatus for refrigerating a fluid |
GB1314107A (en) | 1970-07-22 | 1973-04-18 | Cryogenic Technology Inc | Cryogenic cycle and apparatus |
US3708979A (en) * | 1971-04-12 | 1973-01-09 | Massachusetts Inst Technology | Circuital flow hot gas engines |
JPS5557673A (en) * | 1978-10-23 | 1980-04-28 | Japanese National Railways<Jnr> | Motive power absorption controller for expansion engine |
US4372128A (en) | 1981-11-02 | 1983-02-08 | Oerlikon-Buhrle U.S.A. Inc. | In-line cryogenic refrigeration apparatus operating on the Stirling cycle |
JPS59109750A (ja) * | 1982-12-16 | 1984-06-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 冷凍装置 |
US5092131A (en) | 1990-02-14 | 1992-03-03 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Gas expansion engine |
JP2739514B2 (ja) * | 1990-03-14 | 1998-04-15 | 湘南技術センター株式会社 | フリーピストン式膨脹エンジン |
JPH0781754B2 (ja) * | 1990-06-28 | 1995-09-06 | 新技術事業団 | 冷凍機 |
US5361588A (en) | 1991-11-18 | 1994-11-08 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Cryogenic refrigerator |
CN1098192A (zh) | 1993-05-16 | 1995-02-01 | 朱绍伟 | 回转式脉管制冷机 |
US5355679A (en) | 1993-06-25 | 1994-10-18 | Phpk Technologies, Incorporated | High reliability gas expansion engine |
US5711157A (en) * | 1995-05-16 | 1998-01-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Cooling system having a plurality of cooling stages in which refrigerant-filled chamber type refrigerators are used |
US6053202A (en) * | 1997-08-22 | 2000-04-25 | Fmc Corporation | Fail-safe closure system for remotely operable valve actuator |
US6202421B1 (en) | 1998-10-06 | 2001-03-20 | American Superconductor Corporation | Detachable cryogenic refrigerator expander |
US6216467B1 (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2001-04-17 | Helix Technology Corporation | Cryogenic refrigerator with a gaseous contaminant removal system |
US6256997B1 (en) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-07-10 | Intermagnetics General Corporation | Reduced vibration cooling device having pneumatically-driven GM type displacer |
GB0007918D0 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2000-05-17 | Npower | Passive valve assembly |
WO2003058666A2 (en) * | 2002-01-08 | 2003-07-17 | Shi-Apd Cryogenics, Inc. | Pulse tube cooling by circulation of buffer gas |
DE112005000199T5 (de) | 2004-01-20 | 2007-03-15 | Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Ventil mit verringertem Drehmoment für einen Kryokühler |
JP2007285630A (ja) * | 2006-04-18 | 2007-11-01 | Aisin Seiki Co Ltd | 熱機関 |
US20100139297A1 (en) * | 2007-04-26 | 2010-06-10 | Mccormick Stephen A | Air cycle refrigeration capacity control system |
US9080794B2 (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2015-07-14 | Sumitomo (Shi) Cryogenics Of America, Inc. | Gas balanced cryogenic expansion engine |
WO2012047838A1 (en) | 2010-10-08 | 2012-04-12 | Sumitomo Cryogenics Of America, Inc. | Fast cool down cryogenic refrigerator |
-
2011
- 2011-05-12 US US13/106,218 patent/US8776534B2/en active Active
-
2012
- 2012-03-16 DE DE112012002047.2T patent/DE112012002047B4/de active Active
- 2012-03-16 CN CN201280023004.0A patent/CN103814191B/zh active Active
- 2012-03-16 GB GB1319604.3A patent/GB2504045B/en active Active
- 2012-03-16 KR KR1020137032733A patent/KR101422439B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2012-03-16 WO PCT/US2012/029432 patent/WO2012154299A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-03-16 JP JP2014510308A patent/JP5894663B2/ja active Active
-
2014
- 2014-06-13 US US14/303,974 patent/US9581360B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6205791B1 (en) * | 1999-07-06 | 2001-03-27 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | High efficiency modular cryocooler with floating piston expander |
KR100636474B1 (ko) | 2001-02-08 | 2006-10-18 | 프랙스에어 테크놀로지, 인코포레이티드 | 극저온 냉각 제공 시스템 |
JP2007522371A (ja) | 2004-01-12 | 2007-08-09 | リキッドピストン, インコーポレイテッド | 混成サイクル燃焼エンジンおよび方法 |
KR20090031436A (ko) * | 2006-07-21 | 2009-03-25 | 엠디아이 모터 디벨로프먼트 인터내셔날 에스.에이. | 상온 열에너지 등압 극저온 엔진 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2012154299A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
JP2014513269A (ja) | 2014-05-29 |
CN103814191B (zh) | 2017-09-29 |
CN103814191A (zh) | 2014-05-21 |
GB201319604D0 (en) | 2013-12-18 |
US9581360B2 (en) | 2017-02-28 |
KR20140000355A (ko) | 2014-01-02 |
DE112012002047B4 (de) | 2025-01-30 |
GB2504045A (en) | 2014-01-15 |
US8776534B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
JP5894663B2 (ja) | 2016-03-30 |
US20140290278A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
GB2504045B (en) | 2018-11-14 |
DE112012002047T5 (de) | 2014-02-20 |
US20120285181A1 (en) | 2012-11-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
KR101422439B1 (ko) | 가스 평형된 극저온 팽창 엔진 | |
US9080794B2 (en) | Gas balanced cryogenic expansion engine | |
CN103261816B (zh) | 快速降温的低温制冷机 | |
CN101900447B (zh) | 带调相机构的g-m制冷机 | |
US5642623A (en) | Gas cycle refrigerator | |
KR102046020B1 (ko) | 하이브리드 브레이튼-기퍼드-맥마흔 팽창기 | |
JP3806185B2 (ja) | 流体制御機構付蓄熱型冷凍機及び流体制御機構付パルス管型冷凍機 | |
US20150226465A1 (en) | Cryogenic engine with rotary valve | |
US3673809A (en) | In-line multistage cryogenic apparatus | |
JP6578371B2 (ja) | バッファを備えたガス圧均衡エンジン | |
US11215385B2 (en) | Hybrid Gifford-McMahon-Brayton expander | |
JPH076703B2 (ja) | ガスサイクル冷凍機およびガスサイクル冷凍方法 | |
JPH0678857B2 (ja) | 極低温冷凍機 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
A201 | Request for examination | ||
PA0105 | International application |
Patent event date: 20131210 Patent event code: PA01051R01D Comment text: International Patent Application |
|
PA0201 | Request for examination | ||
A302 | Request for accelerated examination | ||
PA0302 | Request for accelerated examination |
Patent event date: 20131211 Patent event code: PA03022R01D Comment text: Request for Accelerated Examination |
|
PG1501 | Laying open of application | ||
E902 | Notification of reason for refusal | ||
PE0902 | Notice of grounds for rejection |
Comment text: Notification of reason for refusal Patent event date: 20140207 Patent event code: PE09021S01D |
|
E701 | Decision to grant or registration of patent right | ||
PE0701 | Decision of registration |
Patent event code: PE07011S01D Comment text: Decision to Grant Registration Patent event date: 20140618 |
|
GRNT | Written decision to grant | ||
PR0701 | Registration of establishment |
Comment text: Registration of Establishment Patent event date: 20140716 Patent event code: PR07011E01D |
|
PR1002 | Payment of registration fee |
Payment date: 20140716 End annual number: 3 Start annual number: 1 |
|
PG1601 | Publication of registration | ||
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20170710 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20170710 Start annual number: 4 End annual number: 4 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20180710 Year of fee payment: 5 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20180710 Start annual number: 5 End annual number: 5 |
|
FPAY | Annual fee payment |
Payment date: 20190709 Year of fee payment: 6 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20190709 Start annual number: 6 End annual number: 6 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20200708 Start annual number: 7 End annual number: 7 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20220705 Start annual number: 9 End annual number: 9 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20230704 Start annual number: 10 End annual number: 10 |
|
PR1001 | Payment of annual fee |
Payment date: 20240703 Start annual number: 11 End annual number: 11 |