KR101294722B1 - Integrated module using solar light and heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a solar and solar integrated module.
The present invention comprises a unit module for performing photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection, connecting pipes for connecting the unit modules in series with each other and a frame for receiving the unit modules connected in series by the connecting pipes The unit modules may include a collecting pipe through which fluid for collecting solar heat flows through a fluid movement path provided therein, a solar cell bonded to an outer circumferential surface of the collecting pipe, and a collecting pipe to which the solar cell is bonded. Transparent tempered glass tube for preventing damage to the solar cell by the fitting, is installed in a fitting manner on both ends of the transparent tempered glass tube to fix the transparent tempered glass tube to the heat collecting pipe and at the same time to seal the inside of the transparent tempered glass tube Protective caps and the inside of the transparent tempered glass tube It is composed of the insulating gas.
According to the present invention, it is structurally stable which is hardly affected by strong winds or typhoons, and prevents a problem of deterioration of solar absorption efficiency due to accumulation of foreign matter such as dust, fallen leaves, snow, and can greatly reduce maintenance costs. In addition, there is an effect of providing a solar and solar integration module that can perform a combination of solar power and solar heat collection.

Description

INTEGRATED MODULE USING SOLAR LIGHT AND HEAT}

The present invention relates to a solar and solar integrated module. More specifically, the present invention is structurally stable, which is hardly affected by strong winds or typhoons, and prevents a problem of deterioration of solar absorption efficiency due to accumulation of foreign matter such as dust, fallen leaves, snow, and maintenance costs. The present invention relates to a photovoltaic and solar integrated module which can greatly reduce and perform a combination of photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection.

Recently, as the problem of environmental destruction caused by global warming has emerged as a hot topic, various alternative energy technologies have been introduced as a means to reduce fossil fuel consumption.

One of these alternative energy technologies is photovoltaic power generation or solar thermal application technology.

In photovoltaic power generation, when solar light is incident on a solar cell bonded to a P-type semiconductor and an N-type semiconductor, holes and electrons are generated in the solar cell by energy of the solar light. It is a technique for generating electricity by applying a phenomenon that a current flows due to a potential difference generated by holes gathered toward a P-type semiconductor and electrons toward an N-type semiconductor.

Solar application technology is a technology that collects solar energy and uses it for heating water or the like, or performs power generation by rotating a turbine with steam heated by solar energy.

However, these technologies, particularly the photovoltaic power generation technology has a problem that the initial investment and maintenance costs are high.

Hereinafter, these problems with the prior art will be described in detail.

1 and 2 are photographs taken directly of the conventional photovoltaic device.

1 and 2, the conventional photovoltaic device generally has a planar structure of a large area, there is a problem that the structure is easily damaged by strong winds or typhoons to generate enormous maintenance costs.

In addition, the conventional photovoltaic device having a large area planar structure has a problem in that foreign matters such as dust and fallen leaves accumulate on the solar cell module, so that the solar absorption efficiency is greatly reduced. This greatly increases the problem.

In particular, in the conventional photovoltaic device, snow falling in winter accumulates on the solar cell array, and the solar absorption rate is drastically reduced, or the maintenance cost increases greatly in the process of removing snow, and in the severe case, snow accumulated on the solar cell module. Various problems, such as damage to the structure due to the load of there exists.

The present invention provides a photovoltaic and solar integrated module that can perform a combination of photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection.

In addition, the present invention is to provide a solar and solar integrated module with a simplified structure, reduced manufacturing cost and excellent efficiency.

In addition, by using the empty spaces between the unit modules as the air communication path, providing a solar and solar integration module that can be structurally stable and greatly reduce the maintenance cost, which is hardly affected by strong winds or typhoons. Let it be technical problem.

In addition, by configuring the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube exposed to the outside in a circular or oval shape, foreign matters such as dust, fallen leaves and snow accumulate on the surface of the transparent glass tube to prevent the problem that the solar absorption efficiency is lowered. It is a technical problem to provide a solar integrated module.

In addition, by providing a hot water supply to the heat collecting pipe, by melting and removing some of the snow accumulated on the surface of the tempered glass tube in winter, providing a solar and solar integration module that can improve efficiency and reduce maintenance costs Let it be technical problem.

The solar and solar integration module according to the present invention for solving this problem by the unit modules for performing photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection, the connection pipes for connecting the unit modules in series with each other and the connection pipes And a frame for accommodating the serially connected unit modules, wherein the unit modules include a collecting pipe through which fluid for collecting solar heat flows through a fluid movement path provided therein, and a solar cell bonded to an outer circumferential surface of the collecting pipe. And a transparent tempered glass tube for accommodating the heat collecting pipe to which the solar cell is bonded to prevent damage of the solar cell due to an external factor, and is installed in a fitting manner at both ends of the transparent tempered glass tube to replace the transparent tempered glass tube with the heat collecting pipe. The inside of the transparent tempered glass tube It is the protective cap for rods and comprises a thermal insulation gas which is injected into the inside of the transparent reinforced glass tube.

In the solar and solar integration module according to the invention, the connection pipes are characterized in that the collection pipes provided in the unit modules arranged adjacent to each other in series connection with each other.

In the solar and solar integrated module according to the present invention, the unit modules are connected by the connecting pipe in a state spaced apart from each other.

In the solar and solar integration module according to the invention, the cross-sectional shape of the heat collecting pipe is characterized in that the circular or elliptical or polygonal.

In the solar and solar integrated module according to the invention, the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube is characterized in that the circular or oval.

Solar and solar integrated module according to the invention is characterized in that it further comprises a connection connector for drawing out the electrical energy generated by the solar cells provided in the unit modules to the outside.

In the solar and solar integrated module according to the present invention, the protective caps are included in the insulating gas injection groove for injecting the insulating gas into the transparent tempered glass tube and unit modules disposed adjacent to each other. Characterized in that the connection wiring lead-out groove for drawing the connection wiring for electrically connecting the solar cells is formed.

In the solar and solar integrated module according to the invention, the frame is a lower buffer receiving member for buffering the unit modules in the lower portion of the unit modules, the upper portion for buffering the unit modules at the top of the unit modules And a coupling fixing means for coupling and fixing the buffer accommodating member, the lower frame installed under the lower buffer accommodating member, the upper frame installed on the upper buffer accommodating member, and the upper frame and the lower frame. do.

In the solar and solar integrated module according to the present invention, the lower buffer receiving member and the upper buffer receiving member in the buffer containing a distance corresponding to the separation distance of the unit modules and the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube included in the unit modules It is characterized in that the grooves are formed.

In the solar and solar integrated module according to the present invention, the material of the lower buffer receiving member and the upper buffer receiving member is characterized in that the styrofoam.

In the solar and solar integrated module according to the present invention, the fluid supply pipe for supplying the fluid to the heat collecting pipe provided in one of the two unit modules disposed on the outermost of the unit modules and of the unit modules And a fluid recovery pipe for recovering the fluid through a collecting pipe provided at the other of the two unit modules disposed at the outermost part, wherein the flow of the fluid through the fluid supply pipe and the fluid recovery pipe is It can be controlled in the reverse direction.

According to the present invention, there is an effect that a solar and solar integration module that can perform a combination of solar power generation and solar heat collection is provided.

In addition, there is an effect that the structure is simplified, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the solar and solar integration module with excellent efficiency is provided.

In addition, by using the empty spaces between the unit modules as the air communication passage, there is provided a solar and solar integrated module that can be structurally stable and greatly reduce the maintenance cost, which is hardly affected by strong winds or typhoons It works.

In addition, by configuring the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube exposed to the outside in a circular or oval shape, foreign matter such as dust, fallen leaves, snow can be accumulated on the surface of the transparent glass tube to prevent the problem of lowering the solar absorption efficiency.

In addition, since the hot water supply to the heat collecting pipe is configured to be possible, the snow accumulated on the surface of the tempered glass tube can be melted and removed in winter, so that the efficiency is particularly excellent in winter.

1 and 2 are photographs taken of a conventional photovoltaic device.
3 is an assembled perspective view of the solar and solar integrated module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AB of FIG. 3.
5 is an exploded perspective view of the solar and solar integrated module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
6 is a perspective view illustrating a structure in which unit modules are connected by connection pipes as a main part of the solar light and solar integration module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a view illustrating an example of a manufacturing method of a unit module included in the solar and solar integrated module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
8 is a view showing another example of a manufacturing method of a unit module included in the solar and solar integration module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of storing solar energy in a heat collecting container or supplying solar energy stored in the heat collecting container to a heat collecting pipe by connecting the solar light and the solar integrated modules in series according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an example of storing solar energy in a heat collecting collector or supplying solar energy stored in the heat collecting collector to a heat collecting pipe by connecting the solar light and the solar integrated modules according to an embodiment of the present invention in parallel.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

3 is an assembled perspective view of the solar and solar integrated module according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view, Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the region A of Figure 3, Figure 6 is an embodiment of the present invention As the main part of the solar and solar integration module according to the example, it is a perspective view showing a structure in which the unit modules are connected by a connection pipe.

3 to 6, the solar and solar integration module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes unit modules 10, connection pipes 20, connection connectors 40, and frames 30. ), A fluid supply pipe 50 and a fluid recovery pipe 60.

The unit modules 10 are means for performing a combination of photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection, and the unit modules 10 are connected by connection pipes 20 to be described later in a spaced apart state. According to this connection structure, empty spaces exist between the unit modules 10. Since the conventional solar cell module has a large area planar structure, the structure is easily damaged by a strong wind or a typhoon, resulting in a huge maintenance cost, but according to the present embodiment, between the unit modules 10 Since the empty spaces of the air provide a communication path of air, there is an effect that the solar light and solar integration module (1) which is structurally stable and hardly incurs maintenance costs which are hardly affected by strong winds or typhoons are provided. .

As described above, an example of a specific configuration provided by the unit module in order to perform a combination of photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection will be described.

For example, the unit module 10 may include a heat collecting pipe 11, a solar cell 12, a transparent tempered glass tube 13, protective caps 14, and an insulating gas 15.

The solar cell 12 mentioned later is adhere | attached on the outer peripheral surface of the collection pipe 11, The fluid movement path is provided in the collection pipe 11 inside. The fluid for collecting solar heat flows through the fluid path. The fluid is heated by thermal energy generated by the incident solar light and thermal energy generated by converting the solar light incident by the solar cell 12 described later into electrical energy, and the thermal energy of the heated fluid is described later. It is collected outside through the recovery pipe 60.

For example, the cross-sectional shape of the heat collecting pipe 11 may be configured to have a circular or elliptical shape or polygonal shape in order to increase the absorption rate of incident sunlight, and specifically, the polygonal shape may be a quadrangular shape, a pentagon shape, a hexagon shape, or the like.

The solar cell 12 is bonded to the outer circumferential surface of the heat collecting pipe 11 and performs a function of converting incident sunlight into electrical energy.

For example, the solar cell 12 may be bonded to only a partial region around the heat collecting pipe 11 or may be bonded to the entire circumference in consideration of the incident angle of sunlight. When the solar cell 12 is bonded to the entire circumference of the heat collecting pipe 11, it may be configured to increase the solar absorption efficiency by placing a separate reflector on the ground.

The transparent tempered glass tube 13 is a means for accommodating the heat collecting pipe 11 to which the solar cell 12 is bonded to prevent damage of the solar cell 12 due to external factors.

The cross-sectional shape of such a transparent tempered glass tube 13 is preferably circular or elliptical. As such, when the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 is configured to have a circular or oval shape, foreign matters such as dust and fallen leaves accumulate on the surface of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 that is exposed to the outside, thereby deteriorating solar absorption efficiency. It can prevent. In particular, since the conventional solar cell module has a large-area planar structure, snow falling in winter accumulates on the solar cell array, and the solar absorption rate is drastically reduced, or the maintenance cost is greatly increased in the process of removing snow, In this case, various problems such as damage to the structure due to the snow load accumulated on the solar cell module exist. However, according to the present embodiment, since the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 is circular or elliptical, there is an effect that these conventional problems do not occur. In addition, since the hot water is supplied to the collecting pipe 11 through the fluid recovery pipe 60 which will be described later, some snow accumulated on the surface of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 can be melted and removed. This has the advantage that the efficiency is excellent.

The protective caps 14 are fitted in both ends of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 to fix the transparent tempered glass tube 13 to the heat collecting pipe 11 and to seal the inside of the transparent tempered glass tube 13. Means.

For example, it is preferable that the insulating cap injection groove 141 and the connection wiring lead-out groove 142 are formed in the protective caps 14.

The insulating gas injection groove 141 is a means for injecting the insulating gas 15 into the transparent tempered glass tube 13.

The connection wiring lead-out groove 142 is a means for drawing out the connection wiring 143 for electrically connecting the solar cells 12 included in the unit modules 10 disposed adjacent to each other. Although not shown, for example, the connection wiring 143 of each unit module is separately provided so that the unit modules 10 included in the solar light and the solar integrated module 1 are connected in series with each other. It can be connected using the connector of.

The insulating gas 15 is injected into the transparent tempered glass tube 13, and may be carbon dioxide as a means for insulating the interior of the transparent tempered glass tube 13.

The connection pipes 20 are means for connecting the unit modules 10 in series with each other. That is, the connection pipes 20 connect the collection pipes 11 provided in the unit modules 10 arranged adjacent to each other in series. As such, when the collection pipes 11 provided in the unit modules 10 are connected to each other in series by the connection pipes 20, the units are connected through the fluid supply pipe 50 and the fluid recovery pipe 60 which will be described later. Supply of the fluid to the collecting pipes 11 provided in the modules 10 and recovery of the heated fluid are possible.

The connection connector 40 is a means for drawing out the electrical energy generated by the solar cells 12 included in the unit modules 10 to the outside, and two units disposed at the outermost of the unit modules 10. It can be connected to one of the modules.

The frame 30 is a means for receiving the connection pipes 20 and the unit modules 10 connected in series by the connection pipes 20.

For example, such a frame 30 may include a lower buffer receiving member 31, an upper buffer receiving member 32, a lower frame 33, an upper frame 34 and a coupling fixing means 35. have.

The lower buffer receiving member 31 is a means for buffer receiving the unit modules 10 at the bottom of the unit modules 10, the upper buffer receiving member 32 is a unit module at the top of the unit modules 10 Means for buffering the field 10. That is, the unit modules 10 connected in series by the connecting pipes 20 are interposed between the lower buffer receiving member 31 and the upper buffer receiving member 32.

For example, as a means for buffering the unit modules 10 between the lower buffer receiving member 31 and the upper buffer receiving member 32, the lower buffer receiving member 31 and the upper buffer receiving member ( It is preferable to form buffer receiving grooves 32 having a shape corresponding to the separation distance of the unit modules 10 and the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 included in the unit modules 10. Since the unit modules 10 are accommodated in the buffer receiving grooves, structural stability is improved.

In addition, for example, the material of the lower buffer receiving member 31 and the upper buffer receiving member 32 is preferably made of styrofoam in order to prevent the transparent tempered glass tube 13 from being damaged by an external impact.

The lower frame 33 is installed below the lower buffer receiving member 31, and the upper frame 34 is installed above the upper buffer receiving member 32 to perform a function of structurally supporting the module.

Coupling fixing means 35 is a means for coupling and fixing the upper frame 34 and the lower frame 33, may be a combination of bolts and nuts or screws or rivets.

The fluid supply pipe 50 is a means for supplying a fluid to the collecting pipe 11 provided in one of the two unit modules disposed at the outermost of the unit modules 10.

The fluid recovery pipe 60 is a means for recovering fluid through the collecting pipe 11 provided in the other of the two unit modules arranged at the outermost of the unit modules 10.

For example, it may be configured to control the operation of the pump to control the flow of fluid through the fluid supply pipe 50 and the fluid return pipe 60 in the reverse direction. According to this configuration, 1) normally, in the process of performing solar heat collection, the fluid is supplied from the outside through the fluid supply pipe 50 and the fluid heated inside the heat collecting pipe 11 is transferred through the fluid recovery pipe 60. 2) When snow is accumulated in the transparent tempered glass tube 13 in winter, the fluid is supplied in the reverse direction, that is, the hot water stored in the collection station is collected through the fluid recovery pipe 60. By supplying to (11), the snow accumulated on the transparent tempered glass tube 13 can be melted and removed.

Hereinafter, an example of a manufacturing method of a unit module which is a main component of the solar and solar integrated module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

7 is a view showing an example of a manufacturing method of a unit module included in the solar and solar integrated module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

First, referring to FIGS. 7A to 7D, the solar cell 12 is bonded to the outer circumferential surface of the heat collecting pipe 11.

7 illustrates a case where the cross-sectional shape of the heat collecting pipe 11 is circular or elliptical, and in the process of bonding the solar cell 12 to the outer circumferential surface of the heat collecting pipe 11, the solar cell is considered in consideration of the incident angle of sunlight. 12 may be bonded to a partial region around the outer circumferential surface of the heat collecting pipe 11. Of course, the solar cell 12 may also be adhered to the entire circumference of the outer circumferential surface of the heat collecting pipe 11, in which case, a separate reflector is installed on the ground to improve the power generation efficiency in the solar cell where sunlight does not directly enter. You can.

Next, referring to FIGS. 7E to 7F, the heat collecting pipe 11 to which the solar cell 12 is adhered is disposed in the protective transparent tempered glass tube 13.

Next, referring to (g) to (h) of FIG. 7, the protective caps 14 are installed at both ends of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 to be fitted in a manner to fit the transparent tempered glass tube 13 to the heat collecting pipe ( 11). On the other hand, the protective cap 14 is formed with a connection wiring lead groove 142 and the insulating gas injection groove 141. The connection wiring 143 is a means for electrically connecting the solar cells 12 included in the unit modules 10 arranged adjacent to each other, and the connection wiring 143 is connected to the connection wiring lead-out groove 142. Withdraw through.

Next, referring to FIG. 7 (i), the insulating gas 15 is injected into the transparent tempered glass tube 13 through the insulating gas injection groove 141. When the injection of the insulating gas 15 is completed, the insulating gas injection groove 141 is sealed using a sealing member.

8 is a view showing another example of a manufacturing method of a unit module included in the solar and solar integrated module 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the example shown in FIG. 8, the cross-sectional shape of the collecting pipe 11 is rectangular compared to the example described with reference to FIG. 7, and the solar cell 12 has the largest angle of incidence of tandem beams among the four outer peripheral surfaces of the collecting pipe 11. There is a difference in that the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 is bonded to one, and the elliptical shape, the rest is the same, detailed description thereof is omitted.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of storing solar energy in a heat collecting container or supplying solar energy stored in the heat collecting container to a heat collecting pipe by connecting the solar light and the solar integrated modules in series according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 9, it can be seen that the solar light and solar integration modules are connected in series with respect to the heat collecting station.

FIG. 10 is a view illustrating an example of storing solar energy in a heat collecting container or supplying solar energy stored in the heat collecting container to a heat collecting pipe by parallelly connecting the solar light and the solar integrated modules according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to FIG. 10, it can be seen that the solar light and solar integration modules are connected in a parallel manner based on the heat collecting station.

According to the present invention as described in detail above, there is an effect that the solar light and solar integrated module that can perform a combination of photovoltaic power generation and solar heat collection.

In addition, there is an effect that the structure is simplified, the manufacturing cost is reduced, and the solar and solar integration module with excellent efficiency is provided.

In addition, by using the empty spaces between the unit modules 10 as a communication passage of the air, the solar and solar integrated module that can be structurally stable and greatly reduce the maintenance cost, which is hardly affected by strong winds or typhoons This has the effect provided.

In addition, by configuring the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube 13 exposed to the outside in a circular or oval shape, foreign matters such as dust, fallen leaves, snow, etc. accumulate on the surface of the transparent glass tube to prevent the problem of lowering the solar absorption efficiency. have.

In addition, since the hot water supply to the heat collecting pipe is configured to be possible, the snow accumulated on the surface of the tempered glass tube can be melted and removed in winter, so that the efficiency is particularly excellent in winter.

Although the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art will appreciate that various modifications, additions and substitutions are possible, without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention as disclosed in the accompanying claims. In addition, it is obvious that any person skilled in the art may make various modifications and imitations without departing from the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

1: solar and solar integration module
10: unit modules
11: collecting pipe
12: solar cell
13: clear tempered glass tube
14: protective caps
15: insulating gas
20: connecting pipes
30: Frame
31: lower buffer receiving member
32: upper buffer receiving member
33: lower frame
34: upper frame
35: fastening means
40: connecting connector
50: fluid supply pipe
60: fluid return pipe
141: insulating gas injection groove
142: connection wiring lead-out groove
143: connection wiring

Claims (11)

In the solar and solar integrated module,
Unit modules for performing solar power generation and solar heat collection;
Connecting pipes for serially connecting the unit modules with each other; And
It comprises a frame for receiving the unit modules connected in series by the connecting pipes,
The unit modules
A heat collecting pipe through which a fluid for collecting solar heat flows through a fluid movement path provided therein;
A solar cell bonded to an outer circumferential surface of the heat collecting pipe;
A transparent tempered glass tube for accommodating the heat collecting pipe to which the solar cell is bonded to prevent damage of the solar cell due to external factors;
Protective caps installed at both ends of the transparent tempered glass tube to fix the transparent tempered glass tube to the heat collecting pipe and to seal the inside of the transparent tempered glass tube; And
Consists of insulating gas injected into the inside of the transparent tempered glass tube,
The protective caps
An insulating gas injection groove for injecting the insulating gas into the transparent tempered glass tube; And
And a connection wiring lead-out groove for drawing connection wirings for electrically connecting the solar cells included in the unit modules disposed adjacent to each other. The method according to claim 1,
And the connection pipes connect the heat collecting pipes provided in the unit modules disposed adjacent to each other in series with each other. The method according to claim 1,
And the unit modules are connected to each other by the connecting pipes while being spaced apart from each other. The method according to claim 1,
Cross-sectional shape of the heat collecting pipe is characterized in that the circular or oval or polygonal, solar and solar integration module. The method according to claim 1,
Cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube is characterized in that the circular or oval, solar and solar integrated module. The method according to claim 1,
And a connection connector for drawing out electrical energy generated by the solar cells provided in the unit modules to the outside. delete The method according to claim 1,
The frame is
A lower buffer receiving member for buffer receiving the unit modules below the unit modules;
An upper buffer receiving member for buffer receiving the unit modules on top of the unit modules;
A lower frame installed below the lower buffer receiving member;
An upper frame installed on the upper buffer receiving member; And
And a coupling fixing means for coupling and fixing the upper frame and the lower frame. The method of claim 8,
The lower buffer receiving member and the upper buffer receiving member is characterized in that the buffer receiving grooves corresponding to the separation distance of the unit modules and the cross-sectional shape of the transparent tempered glass tube included in the unit modules, Solar integrated module. 10. The method of claim 9,
The lower buffer receiving member and the upper buffer receiving member is characterized in that the material is styrofoam, solar and solar integrated module. The method according to claim 1,
A fluid supply pipe for supplying the fluid to a heat collecting pipe provided in one of two unit modules disposed at the outermost of the unit modules; And
And a fluid recovery pipe for recovering the fluid through a collecting pipe provided at another one of two unit modules disposed at the outermost of the unit modules.
And the flow of fluid through the fluid supply pipe and the fluid recovery pipe can be controlled in a reverse direction.

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