KR101270721B1 - Carbonizing and thermal decomposition apparatus utilizing of waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A device for carbonizing and thermal decomposing waste is provided to generate high temperature heat using the small amount of an energy source and to combust gas generated when carbonizing and thermal decomposing the waste. CONSTITUTION: A device for carbonizing and thermal decomposing waste comprise a main body(20), microwave oscillators(40), a transfer unit(50), a waste supply unit(60), and a gas combustion unit(70). The gas combustion unit includes a gas supply pipe(71), a combustor main body(74), an air supply pipe(75), electrodes(76), and a microwave oscillator. The microwave oscillator is installed to be adjacent in a heating furnace and heats the heating furnace. The electrodes are installed to the end portion of the air supply pipe and generate a glow discharge plasma. The gas combustion unit is installed on a cover member of the combustor. The gas combustion unit includes the microwave oscillator for heating the combustor main body.

Description

Carbonizing and thermal decomposition apparatus utilizing of waste}

The present invention relates to a carbonization and pyrolysis apparatus using microwave, and more particularly, to waste and carbonize various wastes by a dielectric heating element heated by microwaves, and to burn gas generated during carbonization and pyrolysis. It relates to the carbonization and pyrolysis device of.

In general, waste refers to materials that become obsolete, and according to the conventional management method of waste management, 'waste, combustible sludge, waste oil, waste acid, waste alkali, animal carcass, synthetic resin, etc. It is defined as a substance that becomes unnecessary for industrial activities.

Meanwhile, currently used waste treatment methods include weight loss, recycling, recycling, landfilling, and incineration. Among them, reduction, recycling, and regeneration are not the final waste disposal methods, and landfilling is a strong regulation subject in each country because it causes serious soil and water pollution over a long period of time. Therefore, the incineration method is mainly used, which is to remove the waste by burning the flame (火焰).

However, incineration waste treatment is an incineration method that directly applies a flame to the waste, and it is practically impossible to burn completely due to various factors such as waste load, density, moisture content, incinerator size, and heating temperature, and soot from incomplete combustion. There is a problem in that a large amount of dust, air pollution pollution emissions occur.

In view of this, a method of pyrolysis or carbonization of waste in a high temperature and vacuum environment has been proposed.

Korean Patent Registration No. 0019679 discloses a pyrolysis method of waste using a pyrolysis device, and Patent Registration No. 0777616 discloses a low temperature pyrolysis device of high carbonaceous industrial waste. The device is published.

The waste treatment apparatus using the pyrolysis requires a process of forming / maintaining the inside of the pyrolysis in a pyrolysis process during the pyrolysis process, and thus, the overall apparatus is excessively complicated by having a temperature control device for pyrolysis heated to a high temperature. There is this.

On the other hand, the carbonization device of industrial wastes is published in Patent Publication No. 1994-06872, and the waste carbonization incineration device is registered. Patent registration No. 787948 discloses an external rotary carbonization furnace for organic waste carbonization. 0372775 discloses waste carbonization equipment.

The carbonization device uses gas, fossil fuel, etc. as a heat source, so it requires a relatively high maintenance cost, and the structure is relatively complicated.

The present invention is to solve the problems as described above, to provide a carbonization and pyrolysis device of the waste that can pyrolyze or carbonize the waste by using a heat generating body made of a dielectric heating element generated by microwaves.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a waste carbonization and pyrolysis apparatus that is relatively simple in structure, can generate high heat using a small energy source, and can burn gas generated during carbonization and pyrolysis of waste. .

Waste and carbonization and pyrolysis apparatus of the present invention for achieving the above object is a heat generation furnace formed of a dielectric heating element that forms a carbonization or pyrolysis space, and generates heat by microwaves, and is installed adjacent to the main body of the heat generation furnace Microwave oscillators for heating the main body, and a transfer unit for transporting carbonized or pyrolyzed residue to the residue outlet side installed on the lower side of the main body by the heat generation;

It is provided with a waste supply unit for supplying waste for carbonization or pyrolysis in the carbonization or pyrolysis space of the main body by the heat generation.

In the present invention, the heating furnace body further comprises a combustion unit for burning the gas generated during carbonization or pyrolysis.

The gas combustion unit is a gas combustion unit is composed of a gas supply pipe connected to the main body by the heat generation, a heating element and a combustion space connected to the gas supply pipe and heats the gas therein and a dielectric heating element generated by microwaves A combustor body, an air supply pipe for supplying air to the combustion unit through a heating space portion of the combustor body, electrodes provided at an end of the air supply pipe to generate a glow discharge plasma, and a combustor surrounding the combustor body It is provided on a frame or a combustor cover member, and has a microwave oscillator for heating a combustor body.

The pyrolysis space of the main body is divided into an oxygen-free melting chamber and a pyrolysis vaporization chamber.

Waste carbonization and pyrolysis device of the present invention can heat the main body by the heat generated by the dielectric heating element using the microwave to use it as a heat source can reduce the cost of securing the heat source, can improve the thermal decomposition efficiency of the waste have.

In addition, since the gas generated during carbonization and pyrolysis can be completely burned, secondary environmental pollution due to carbonization and pyrolysis can be reduced. In particular, infectious wastes discharged from sewage treatment plants and hospitals can be carbonized and pyrolyzed in a short time without using fuel.

1 is a cross-sectional view of a waste carbonization and pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention,
Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the main body of the heat generation of the carbonization and thermal splitting device of the waste according to the present invention.
3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view illustrating an electrode for forming a supply pipe and a glow discharge plasma;
4 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of a waste carbonization and pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention.

Waste according to the present invention, that is, it is possible to carbonize and pyrolyze the thermal decomposition and carbonization industrial waste, medical waste, polymer waste, etc., an embodiment thereof is shown in Figures 1 to 4.

Referring to the drawings, the waste carbonization and pyrolysis apparatus 10 according to the present invention forms a carbonization or pyrolysis space for carbonizing and pyrolyzing the waste, the body 20 and the heat generated by heat generated by the microwave wave, Microwave oscillators 40 are installed on the frame 31 supporting the main body 20 to generate heat, and are installed on the lower side of the main body 20 to heat the main body 20. It is provided with a transfer unit 50 for transferring the carbonized or pyrolyzed residue decomposition waste. And it is provided with a waste supply unit 60 for supplying waste for carbonization or pyrolysis in the carbonization or pyrolysis space of the main body 20 of the heat generating furnace. It is further provided with a gas combustion unit 70 is connected by the main body 20 and the gas supply pipe 71 to burn the gas generated during carbonization or pyrolysis.

The carbonization or pyrolysis device of the waste according to the present invention configured as described above will be described in more detail by component.

The body 20 forms the carbonization or pyrolysis space 21 for carbonizing the waste 100 supplied from the gas combustion unit 70, and the waste 100 supplied from the waste supply unit 60. It has a tubular shape with a predetermined length so that it can be carbonized and pyrolyzed in the process of being transferred. This heat generating furnace main body 20 has a cross-sectional shape of the upper light narrow narrow in the upper portion and narrow in the lower portion as shown in FIG. The heat generating body 20 is made of a compound in which alumina oxide for forming a mold liquid is mixed with silicon carbide.

The heating furnace body 20 is wrapped by the cover member 32 supported by the frame 31 and the heat insulating space 33 between the inner peripheral surface of the cover member 32 and the outer peripheral surface of the heating furnace body 20. ) Is formed. This insulation space may be filled with insulation material, which must be sufficiently heat resistant.

The transfer unit 50 is to transfer waste or / and ash flowing into the carbonization or pyrolysis furnace to the remnant outlet 22 side of the heating body main body 20, installed in the longitudinal direction on the lower side of the heating body main body 20 Is provided with a screw 51 and the drive motor 52 is installed in the frame 31 for driving the rotating shaft of the screw 51 protruding out of the main body 20 by the heat generated. The transfer unit 50 is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and may be any structure as long as the transfer unit 50 can transfer the residue or residue along the carbonization or pyrolysis space.

The microwave oscillator 40 is installed in the frame 31 or the cover member 32 corresponding to the main body 20 by the heat generation. The microwave oscillator 40 is preferably installed on both sides of the main body 20 by heat.

The microwave is defined as a microwave between 300MHz and 300kHz, the microwave oscillator 40 for heating the main body 20 by the heat is preferably used an oscillator for oscillating a microwave of 2.45GHz or more. . The microwave oscillator 40 may be made of a magnetron. A shielding gasket (not shown) is provided on the cover member 32 or the frame 31 to prevent leakage of microwaves generated from the microwave oscillator 40 to an area other than the main body 20 by heat generation. Can be installed. On the other hand, an auxiliary heating device or auxiliary heat source may be further provided to heat the main body 20 at a uniform angle by the heat generation. The auxiliary heat source may be a structure that does not interfere with the heat generated by the body 20 by heat and is not damaged by heat generated from the body 20 by heat. For example, a heating wire may be used.

The waste supply unit 60 supplies waste to the carbonization and pyrolysis space 21 of the main body 20 by heat, and a hopper 61 in which wastes installed adjacent to the main body 20 are stored. And a screw feeder 62 connected to the hopper 61 and supplying waste in the hopper 61 to the inlet 24 of the main body 20 with heat. A cooling unit 65 is provided to prevent the overheating of the screw feeder 62. The screw feeder 62 has a conveying space 62a and the hopper 61 is installed at one side and a screw main body 62b having the other end connected to the inlet 24 of the main body 20 by the heat generation. The inside of the conveying space 62a of the screw body 62b is provided with a conveying screw 62c for conveying the waste 100. The conveying screw may be made of a double screw to facilitate the conveyance of waste.

The cooling unit is configured to prevent the screw body 62b from being overheated by the heating element body 20. The cooling unit may include a water jacket 66 installed on the outer circumferential surface of the screw body 62b. ) Is provided with a supply pump for supplying water.

The waste supply unit 60 may further include a crushing means for crushing the waste and supplying the waste to the hopper. In addition, in the case of waste plastic waste may be further provided with a neutralizer input for injecting the neutralizing material (ca (OH) 2) after crushing.

The gas combustion unit 70 is for burning the gas generated during the carbonization or pyrolysis of the waste, as shown in Figures 1 and 3, the gas supply pipe 71 connected to the main body 20, and the It is provided with a combustor body 74 connected to the gas supply pipe 71 and having a heating space portion 72 and a combustion portion 73 for heating a gas therein. The combustor body 74 is formed of a dielectric heating element in which the outer circumference of the heating space portion 72 generates heat by microwaves.

The combustor main body 74 is provided with an air supply pipe 75 for supplying air to the combustion unit 73 through the heating space portion 72. The end of the air supply pipe 75 is provided with a nozzle portion 75a for injecting air. An electrode 76 for generating a glow discharge plasma is installed at an end of the nozzle portion 75a of the air supply pipe 75. The flame spraying hole 77 is formed in the combustor main body 74 corresponding to the nozzle part 75a.

The combustor frame or combustor cover member 78 surrounding the combustor body 74 is provided with microwave oscillators 79 for heating the combustor body 74 made of a dielectric heating element. An adiabatic space is installed between the combustor cover member and the combustor body 74.

On the other hand, as shown in Figure 4 in order to thermally decompose the polymer synthetic resin, such as waste plastic, the inner space of the main body 20 can be divided into an oxygen-free melting chamber 27 and the pyrolysis vaporization chamber 28. The oxygen-free melting chamber 27 and the pyrolysis vaporization chamber 28 has a passage formed so that waste plastic, which is a waste melted by the oxygen-free melting chamber, flows into the pyrolysis vaporization chamber.

Referring to the operation of the carbonization and pyrolysis device using the microwave according to the present invention configured as described above are as follows.

First, in order to carbonize various wastes such as hospital infectious wastes, animal rice, waste wires such as various PCB substrates, communication lines, etc., wastes for carbonization are supplied to the hopper 61. In this process, the waste is preferably crushed and supplied to a predetermined size.

In this state, the microwave generator 40 is used to heat the main body 20 with heat generated by a dielectric heating element. The heating of the main body 20 by heat generation is performed as follows. Since the heat generating furnace body 20 is made of a dielectric heating element, electrons of + ions and-adjacent thereto are formed in the dielectric heating element. In this state, when a strong electric field is applied to the inside, the electron bands are aligned in the direction of the electric field, and when the electric field is applied, the electrons are arranged in the reverse direction. Such dipole rotation or vibration occurs in the molecule and heat is generated inside.

As described above, when microwaves are irradiated to the main body 20 by heat generation, the waste supply unit 60 is transferred to the inside of the main body 20 by the heat generation of the waste in the hopper 61. The conveyed waste is carbonized by the main body 20 with the heated exotherm in the pyrolysis space 21 of the main body 20 with the heat generation. At this time, since the oxygen is not supplied to the pyrolysis space 21 of the main body 20, the pyrolysis is performed in an anoxic state. The waste carbonized in the pyrolysis space 21 is gradually moved to the residue discharge port 22 by the screw 51 of the transfer unit 50 installed at the lower portion, and the carbonization to be moved is completed, and the carbonized residue discharge port 22 is closed. Is discharged through. The residue outlet 22 may be provided with two or more shut-off valves that operate sequentially to open and close stepwise to prevent oxygen, that is, air, from entering the pyrolysis space 25.

As described above, the pyrolysis gas generated in the carbonization process is supplied to the gas combustion unit 70 through the gas supply pipe 71 to be completely burned. Combustion of the pyrolysis gas is supplied to the heating space portion 72 of the combustor body 74 through the gas supply pipe 71, and the combustion gas supplied to the heating space portion is generated by the microwave oscillator 75. Heated by 74). At this time, the combustor body is heated to 1300 ℃ or more by microwave. Since the heating of the combustor main body 74 is made in the same state as the main body 20 by heat generation, it will not be described again.

As described above, the pyrolysis gas supplied to the combustor main body 74 by the heating space 72 and heated is mixed with air supplied through the air supply pipe 75 and combusted. At this time, the air supplied through the air supply pipe 75 is heated to a very high temperature (1000 to 5000 degrees) by the electrodes 76 generating the glow discharge plasma and then mixed with the pyrolysis gas to completely burn the pyrolysis gas Will lead to. Such combustion is combusted while being injected through the flame jet.

As shown in FIG. 4, the polymer resin such as waste plastic is supplied to the pyrolysis space portion 25 of the main body 20 by heat by the waste transfer unit 60, and the waste plastic transferred to the pyrolysis space portion is The molten waste plastic is melted in the anoxic melting chamber 27 and vaporized in the pyrolysis vaporization chamber 28 to generate pyrolysis gas, which is supplied to the gas combustion unit 70 through the gas supply pipe 71. And burned as described above.

As described above, the carbonization and pyrolysis apparatus according to the present invention is not an incineration method of heating 1200 ° C. or more using fuel, but uses a microwave to heat the dielectric heating element, that is, the heating furnace body 20 and the combustor body 74 in an oxygen-free state. Carbonization after pyrolysis at 500 to 650 ° C. can relatively eliminate the risk of fire or explosion. In addition, carbonized or pyrolyzed wastes do not smell and can be stored indoors.

 In particular, industrial waste, hospital waste, etc. can fundamentally prevent secondary environmental pollution by completely burning pyrolysis gas by carbonization.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents. And such changes are, of course, within the scope of the claims.

The present invention is widely applicable to various decomposition apparatuses using heat as well as carbonization or pyrolysis of various wastes.

20; Body with heat
40; Microwave oscillator
50; Transfer unit
60; Waste supply unit
70; gas combustion unit

Claims (7)

A heat generating body consisting of a dielectric heating element that generates carbonization or pyrolysis space and generates heat by microwaves, microwave oscillators installed adjacent to the heat generating body to heat the body by heat, and the heat generating body A transport unit for transporting carbonized or pyrolyzed residue to the outlet side and installed on the lower side of the waste, and a waste supply unit for supplying waste for carbonizing or pyrolyzing the carbonization or pyrolysis space of the main body by the heat generation,
A gas supply pipe connected with the main body and a gas supply pipe to burn the gas generated during carbonization or pyrolysis, and a heating space part connected to the main body with the heat generating furnace, and connected to the gas supply pipe to heat the gas therein; The combustor body which has a combustion part and consists of a dielectric heating element which generate | occur | produces by a microwave, an air supply pipe for supplying air to the said combustion part through the heating space part of the said combustor body, and is installed in the edge part of an air supply pipe, And a gas combustion unit having electrodes for generating and a microwave oscillator installed on the combustor cover member surrounding the combustor body to heat the combustor body. delete The method of claim 1,
The heating furnace main body is a carbonization and pyrolysis device of the waste, characterized in that the upper portion has a cross-sectional shape of the upper light narrow narrow narrow. The method of claim 1,
The transfer unit is to transfer waste or ash introduced into the carbonization or pyrolysis space to the remnant outlet of the main body by heat generation, the screw is installed in the longitudinal direction on the lower side of the main body of the heat generating furnace, and installed on the frame to the Waste carbonization and pyrolysis device characterized in that it comprises a drive motor for driving the rotating shaft of the screw protruding to the outside. The method of claim 1,
The waste supply unit includes a hopper for storing waste installed adjacent to the heat generating body, and a screw feeder connected to the hopper and supplying waste in the hopper to the inlet of the heat generating body. And a cooling unit for preventing heat from being transferred and causing the screw feeder to overheat. delete The method of claim 1,
The pyrolysis space of the body by the heat generation is characterized in that the carbonization and pyrolysis device of the waste, characterized in that partitioned into an oxygen-free melting chamber and pyrolysis vaporization chamber.

Images