KR101229269B1 - Non excavation type tunneling machine and tunneling method using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator for drilling a small diameter tunnel by a non-excavation propulsion method. Excavator according to the present invention, the bit portion for a rotary cutting operation; A hammer part connected to a rear end of the bit part and having a piston for vibrating the bit part; A drive unit connected to the rear end of the hammer unit by a shaft and having a motor for rotating the hammer unit and the bit unit; A rail coupled to a lower portion of the driving unit to guide linear movement of the driving unit; Hydraulic propulsion means for moving said drive part on said rail; And a plurality of horizontal hydraulic feet provided in the driving unit and contracted or extended from the side of the driving unit, and at least two pairs of which are symmetrically disposed in the longitudinal direction of the driving unit. Switch direction.
According to the present invention, since the excavator can freely change the traveling direction during the excavation, it is possible to prevent an increase in construction time and construction cost due to obstacles. In addition, the tunnel construction section can be substantially increased by minimizing the required amount of the vertical propulsion port and the vertical reach port, thereby greatly reducing the time and cost required for the tunnel construction.

Description

Non excavation type tunneling machine and tunneling method using the same}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tunneling machine and a tunneling method, and more particularly, to a small diameter tunneling excavator and a tunneling method capable of changing direction while driving a small-diameter tunnel with a non excavation type propulsion method. .

Recently, due to the remarkable development of mechanization and automation technology, the existing blasting tunneling method has been divided into conventional tunneling by blasting and mechanized tunneling by non-blasting. While minimizing environmental damage such as noise and vibration and shortening the construction period, it is recognized as an optimal tunnel construction method in urban areas due to less restrictions on surrounding obstacles.

Mechanical tunneling is defined as "all drilling techniques for performing mechanical excavation with bits or disks," while large-diameter tunneling using semi-tuned boring machines (TBMs) and semi-shild machines or micro-tunneling machines ( It can be divided into small diameter tunneling technique using micro tunneling machime).

On the other hand, small-diameter tunnel is a safety space with a diameter of 100mm or less partitioned for the development of water resources such as conduits such as conduits, gas pipes, oil pipes, water and sewage pipes, etc. It must be able to interoperate with other small diameter tunnels. Especially in urban areas, there are many underground burial grounds and various regulations due to traffic congestion, so most of them are constructed as non-open type rather than open type for relatively long tunnels. Instead of excavation, the non-excavation small caliber tunnel excavation method, so-called NETM (non excavation tunnel method) method, which reconsolidates the inner surface of the tunnel to prevent the elevation of the ground and pursues the simplicity and economy of construction, is drawing attention.

Briefly look at the construction process of a general non-excavation small diameter tunnel, as shown in Figure 1 excavated the vertical propulsion (2) and the vertical reach (4) at both points of the target section of the tunnel excavation and semi-shielded machine or A cylindrical small diameter tunnel excavator 20 such as a micro tunneling machine is introduced into the vertical propulsion unit 2. The small diameter tunnel excavator 20 is pushed into the inner wall of the vertical propulsion port 2 by the hydraulic propulsion device 10 and the horizontal thrust is pushed horizontally while the predetermined tunnel structure 3 is pushed in and buried. Complete the section tunnel from the propulsion to the vertical reach.

However, the existing non-excavation small diameter tunnel has a disadvantage in that the shape of the section tunnel is limited to a straight line, and the reason can be found in the small diameter tunnel excavator. That is, the conventional small-diameter tunnel excavator 20 is virtually impossible to change the direction other than going straight during the excavation of the tunnel, in order to construct a variety of small-diameter tunnels inevitably subdivide the target section to the vertical propulsion (2) And since the vertical reach (4) to be excavated, it takes a lot of time and cost for construction and shows a problem of complicating the whole process.

In addition, the conventional small-diameter excavator is mainly used for tunnel construction of the non-solid layer, when obstacles such as rocks appear during operation, there is a problem in that the construction cost and time are greatly increased because a new excavation or an additional expensive crushing equipment must be used.

The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, it is the object to reduce the construction cost and construction time is not affected by obstacles by enabling the direction change during tunnel excavation. In addition, the present invention can freely switch the direction of travel during the excavation of the section tunnel from the vertical propulsion to the vertical reach, which is consumed in the entire process by minimizing the required amount of the vertical propulsion and the vertical reach as well The purpose is to significantly reduce the consumption of time and money.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is a bit unit for a rotary cutting operation; A hammer part connected to a rear end of the bit part and having a piston for vibrating the bit part; A drive unit connected to the rear end of the hammer unit by a shaft and having a motor for rotating the hammer unit and the bit unit; A rail coupled to a lower portion of the driving unit to guide linear movement of the driving unit; Hydraulic propulsion means for moving said drive part on said rail; And a plurality of horizontal hydraulic feet provided in the driving unit and contracted or extended from the side of the driving unit, and at least two pairs of which are symmetrically disposed in the longitudinal direction of the driving unit. Provides a non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator that can change direction.

In another aspect, the present invention is a method for excavating a tunnel using the excavator, (a) excavating the tunnel while the excavator advances in a first direction; (b) changing the direction of the excavator in a second direction different from the first direction by stretching at least one of the plurality of horizontal hydraulic feet to apply pressure against the membrane barrier; and (c) digging the tunnel while the excavator advances along the second direction.

According to the present invention, since the excavator can freely change the traveling direction during the excavation, it is possible to prevent an increase in construction time and construction cost due to obstacles. In addition, the tunnel construction section can be substantially increased by minimizing the required amount of the vertical propulsion port and the vertical reach port, thereby greatly reducing the time and cost required for the tunnel construction.

1 is a view showing a general construction method of the non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator
Figure 2 is a plan view showing a non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator in accordance with the present invention
Figure 3a to 3e is a view showing the progress of the non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator in accordance with the present invention
Figure 4 is a view showing the direction change of the non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator in accordance with the present invention

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

A non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator (hereinafter referred to as an 'excavator') 100 according to the present invention is shown in the plan view of FIG. The bit unit 130 at the front end, the hammer unit 140 at the rear end of the bit unit 130, and the driving unit 150 at the rear end of the hammer unit 140 may be divided.

The bit part 130 is located at the top of the excavator 100 according to the present invention to perform a rotary cutting action. Bit portion 130 is larger in diameter than the hammer portion 140 and the driving unit 150, it is preferable that at least one air passage 132 is formed through the longitudinal direction therein. The cutting surface shape of the bit part 130 may be variously modified according to a geology or purpose.

The hammer part 140 is connected to the rear end of the bit part 130 and includes a piston 142 for vibrating the bit part 130 in the front-rear direction. Accordingly, since the bit part 130 smashes the membrane wall by the reciprocating motion of the piston 142 and proceeds the excavation work through the rotary cutting, it is possible to effectively crush and excavate the relatively hard ground. If necessary, crushing of rocks or the like may be possible.

Hammer portion 140 is preferably provided with a choke 144 to control the output of the piston 142 to adjust the vibration speed and the vibration width of the bit unit 130. The choke 144 serves to adjust the internal pressure by opening and closing according to the pressure.

The driving unit 150 is connected to the rear end of the hammer portion 140 by the shaft 146 and the rotational force of the motor 152 and the motor 152 exerting a rotational force for rotating the hammer portion 140 and the bit portion 130 Gear box 154 is transmitted to properly adjust the transmission to the shaft 146.

On the outer circumferential surface of the driving unit 150, two or more support wings 156 are installed in the shape of a wing along the longitudinal direction.

In addition, a hydraulic propulsion unit 158 for advancing the entire excavator 100 according to the present invention is installed at the lower end of the driving unit 150, and a plurality of horizontal hydraulic feet 166 are installed along the side of the driving unit 150. do.

The support wing 156 is in close contact with the membrane barrier to maintain the balance of the excavator 100 and at the same time to obtain a strong supporting force during the excavation, it is preferable to be rotatably mounted on the drive unit 150 to enable the folding and unfolding operation. . In addition, the height of the protrusion of each of the support wings 156 by the hydraulic pressure may be installed to be in close contact with or spaced apart.

A pair of rails 160 are coupled to the lower portion of the driving unit 150 along the length direction, and the driving unit 150 is linearly moved along the rails 160.

Hydraulic propulsion means 158 serves to advance the drive unit 150 back and forth along the rail 160. Hydraulic propulsion means 158 can be implemented in a number of ways. For example, a hydraulic cylinder whose one end is fixed to the rail 160 to move the driving unit 150 may be used, or a hydraulic cylinder whose one end is fixed to the driving unit 150 to move the rail 160 may be used. Two-way hydraulic cylinders with both functions can be used, or both cylinders can be used.

A hydraulic lift (see 162 of FIG. 3A, which is the same below) is installed at the lower end of the driving unit 150 to elevate the entire excavator or the driving unit 150 from the bottom. Therefore, when the excavator 100 is lifted from the bottom by the plurality of hydraulic lifts 162 and the load applied to the rail 160 decreases, the rail 160 is relatively advanced with respect to the driving unit 150. When the whole including the rail 160 is seated on the floor by the lift 162, the excavator 100 according to the present invention may be sequentially moved in such a manner as to advance the driving unit 150 along the rail 160.

As such, when the rail 160 and the hydraulic lift 162 are moved, there is an advantage that a large supporting force can be obtained during the excavation work as compared with the case of using the wheel. A more specific moving method will be described later.

Side of the driving unit 150 is provided with a plurality of horizontal hydraulic foot 166 to be used at the time of direction change. The horizontal hydraulic foot 166 may be contracted or extended by hydraulic pressure, and it is preferable that the horizontal hydraulic foot 166 be installed symmetrically with respect to the central axis in the longitudinal direction. In the embodiment of the present invention, two horizontal hydraulic feet 166 are installed, two on one side and two on the other side, but the number thereof is not limited thereto. However, since the excavator 100 should be able to rotate by the operation of the horizontal hydraulic foot 166, it is preferable that a plurality of horizontal hydraulic foot 166 is disposed symmetrically based on the center of rotation of the excavator 100.

In addition, the rear end of the driving unit 150 may be provided with a plurality of casing holder 168 for fixing the casing, a wire ring 170 to which an external wire is connected. A cylindrical casing is fixed to the casing holder 168. In a relatively soft non-solidified layer, the casing needs to be fixed to prevent the collapse of the membrane barrier, but may be omitted in a solidified layer such as a rock. And the wire ring 170 is connected to the wire, when the excavator 100 is pulled out during excavation of the section tunnel, when the excavation is to be pulled out for re-excavation, the excavator 100 is buried and does not move the situation When this occurs, the wire is pulled into the wire wrench.

In addition, a plurality of tubes T including one or more coolant tubes for cooling water circulation, one or more hydraulic tubes for hydraulic transmission, one or more air tubes for air circulation, and the like may be connected to the driving unit 150. In addition, a power line P may be connected to an external power source. In addition, CCTV and lighting lights, etc. may be installed in the driving unit 150 so as to understand the excavation situation.

Hereinafter, the advancing process of the excavator 100 according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3E.

The driving unit 150 of the excavator 100 according to the present invention is provided with the aforementioned hydraulic propulsion unit 158 and the hydraulic lift 162, the driving unit 150 is mounted on the rail 160. (See Figure 3A)

In this state, the driving unit 150 advances along the rail 160 to perform the excavation work. (See FIG. 3B)

Since the excavation work cannot be continued only by moving forward of the driving unit 150, after the driving unit 150 advances a predetermined distance, the rail 160 supporting the excavator 100 must be advanced. To this end, the hydraulic lift 162 is extended to raise the driving unit 150. In this case, only the driving unit 150 may be raised or the rail 160 together with the driving unit 150 may be slightly raised from the floor G. (See Figure 3c)

In this state, since the driving unit 150 is supported by the hydraulic lift 162 and is fixed, the rail 160 may be advanced by using the hydraulic propulsion unit 158. (See FIG. 3D)

After the rail 160 is moved forward, the hydraulic lift 162 is contracted so that the driving unit 150 is seated on the upper part of the rail 160 again. (See Figure 3E)

Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 3A, the drilling operation is performed while the driving unit 150 is advanced along the rail 160 using the hydraulic propulsion unit 158.

On the other hand, the excavator 100 according to the present invention has an advantage that can be easily switched in the excavation direction during the excavation process.

For example, when turning to the right during excavation is required, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the horizontal hydraulic foot 166 at the left end and the horizontal hydraulic foot 166 at the right rear end are simultaneously extended to extend the excavator ( 100) The whole can be turned to the right. In this way, it is possible to change the direction by operating only the horizontal hydraulic foot 166 at the left end or only the horizontal hydraulic foot 166 at the right rear end without operating the two horizontal hydraulic feet 166 together, but more effective direction It may be desirable to simultaneously operate a plurality of horizontal hydraulic feet 166 disposed symmetrically with respect to the center of rotation for the conversion.

In addition, when turning to the left during the excavation is required as shown in Figure 4 (b) to extend the horizontal hydraulic foot 166 of the right front end and the horizontal hydraulic foot 166 of the left rear end at the same time the entire excavator 100 Can be turned to the left.

As such, by appropriately adjusting the degree of contraction and extension of each horizontal hydraulic foot 166, the excavator 100 according to the present invention can freely switch the direction of travel during the excavation work.

Hereinafter, it is a schematic diagram for explaining the construction method of a small diameter tunnel using the excavator 100 according to the present invention.

In order to construct a small-diameter tunnel with the excavator 100 according to the present invention, first excavate the vertical propulsion port 2 and the vertical reaching port 4 as shown in FIG. Construct a wall, abutment test wall, floor concrete, etc. in the vertical propulsion unit (2). At this time, in the periphery of the vertical propulsion unit (2), various sources (C) required for excavation of the excavator 100 according to the present invention, for example, a cooling water supply source, a hydraulic supply source, an air supply source, a power transmission source and a wire wrench are installed.

In addition, when the excavator 100 according to the present invention is put into the vertical propulsion unit 2 and operated, the excavation operation is started by the rotation operation of the bit part 130 at the tip and the striking operation of the hammer part 140. The excavated soil can be taken out by spraying high pressure air through a separately installed compressor. In the drilling process, the driving unit 150 is gradually advanced along the rail 160 by the hydraulic propulsion unit 158. Advancement of the driving unit 150 and advancement of the entire excavator 100 proceed with the same principle as described with reference to FIGS. 3A to 3E.

At this time, if necessary, by mounting the casing to the casing holder 168 installed at the rear end of the excavator 100, the excavation work and the casing work may be performed in parallel. Auxiliary methods such as chemical injection can also be implemented along the barrier. This excavation process is completed by the excavator 100 reaching the vertical reach 4.

On the other hand, since the vertical propulsion port 2 and the vertical delivery port 4 are not necessarily required for the excavation work, the excavation work may be started on a road slope or an inclined surface in some cases.

And the excavator 100 according to the present invention is very suitable for the formation of small diameter tunnels, such as sewage pipes, water pipes, communication line buried pipes, gas pipes, conduit pipes, oil pipes, etc., because the noise is low without affecting the traffic or the surrounding environment. . In addition, the excavation work can be carried out with little influence from obstacles, so the air shortening and cost competitiveness are very high.

In the above description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the present invention may be modified or modified in more various forms in a specific application, such modifications or modified embodiments of the present invention included in the claims to be described later If it includes the idea it belongs to the scope of the present invention.

100: excavator 130: bit part
132: air passage 140: hammer part
142: piston 144: choke
146: axis 150: drive unit
152: motor 154: gearbox
156: support wing 158: hydraulic propulsion means
160: rail 162: hydraulic lift
166: horizontal hydraulic foot 168: casing holder

Claims (2)

Bit part for rotating cutting operation;
A hammer part connected to a rear end of the bit part and having a piston for vibrating the bit part;
A drive unit connected to the rear end of the hammer unit by a shaft and having a motor for rotating the hammer unit and the bit unit;
A rail coupled to a lower portion of the driving unit to guide linear movement of the driving unit;
Hydraulic propulsion means for moving said drive part on said rail;
A plurality of horizontal hydraulic feet provided on the driving unit and contracted or extended from the side surface of the driving unit, at least two pairs of which are symmetrically arranged in the longitudinal direction of the driving unit;
It includes, a non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator that can switch the direction of travel through the contraction or extension of the horizontal hydraulic foot A bit part having a rotary cutting operation, a hammer part connected to a rear end of the bit part and having a piston for vibrating the bit part, and a shaft connected to a rear end of the hammer part to rotate the hammer part and the bit part. A drive unit having a motor, a rail coupled to a lower portion of the drive unit to guide linear movement of the drive unit, hydraulic propulsion means for moving the drive unit on the rails, and provided in the drive unit and contracted from a side surface of the drive unit or In the method of excavating a tunnel using a non-excavation small diameter tunnel excavator including a plurality of horizontal hydraulic presses,
(a) digging a tunnel while the excavator advances along a first direction;
(b) changing the direction of the excavator in a second direction different from the first direction by stretching at least one of the plurality of horizontal hydraulic feet to apply pressure against the membrane barrier;
(c) digging a tunnel while the excavator advances along the second direction;
Tunnel construction including

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