KR101148750B1 - Texture material measuring device and texture material measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

By removing the oxide film adhered to the surface of the material to be measured, measurement of the crystal grain size by nondestructive is surely performed. For this purpose, in view of the measurement, first, the laser beam is irradiated from the surface removal apparatus to the irradiation position of the laser beam irradiated from the ultrasonic detector to the other surface of the rolled product, and the oxide film on the other surface of the rolled product is removed. After removing the oxide film on the other surface of the rolled product, the laser beam is irradiated to one surface of the rolled product from the ultrasonic oscillator to generate ultrasonic vibration on the other surface of the rolled product. And while irradiating a laser beam to the other surface of a rolled product from an ultrasonic detector, and receiving the reflected light from the other surface of a rolled product with an ultrasonic detector, the ultrasonic vibration generate | occur | produced on the other surface of a rolled product is detected, Based on the detection result by a detector, the crystal grain size of a rolled product is computed.

Description

Tissue Material Measuring Apparatus and Tissue Material Measuring Method {TEXTURE MATERIAL MEASURING DEVICE AND TEXTURE MATERIAL MEASURING METHOD}

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a tissue material measuring apparatus and a tissue material measuring method for evaluating a material by measuring ultrasonic vibration generated in a material, and more particularly, to a tissue material measurement of a metal material by ultrasonic vibration measurement.

The structure material of steel materials has strength and ductility called mechanical properties, and these mechanical properties are generally measured by various tests, such as a tensile test. In addition, since the mechanical properties of these steel materials are related to metal structures such as grain size, the mechanical properties can be calculated by grasping metal structures such as grain size. However, in the aforementioned various tests and measurement of the crystal grain size, many steps such as cutting, polishing, and microscopic observation of the test piece are required, and much effort and time are required in each step. For this reason, it is strongly desired to measure the crystal grain size non-destructively from the past, and in recent years, the method of using ultrasonic vibration is proposed as one of the methods of measuring the crystal grain size non-destructively.

In addition, as a conventional technique for non-destructive measurement of the crystal grain size, a pulsed laser beam is irradiated to one surface of the material under measurement from an ultrasonic oscillator such as an Nd-YAG laser, thereby vibrating displacement of the other surface of the material under measurement and homodyne. It is proposed to detect the vibration displacement which occurred on the other surface of the said to-be-measured material by the ultrasonic detectors, such as an interferometer (for example, refer patent document 1). 10 is a block diagram showing a conventional tissue material measuring apparatus, and schematically shows the conventional technique.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent No. 3184368

The thing of patent document 1 is not assumed various measurement objects, and it may not be suitable for analysis of a crystal grain size depending on the state of a to-be-measured material. In particular, when the oxide film adheres to the other surface of the measurement material facing the ultrasonic detector, there is a problem that the amount of light returned to the ultrasonic detector is small, so that a sufficient crystal grain size cannot be analyzed.

This invention is made | formed in order to solve the subject as mentioned above, The objective is the measurement of the tissue material which can reliably measure the crystal grain diameter to nondestructive by removing the oxide film adhering to the surface of the to-be-measured material. It is to provide a method for measuring the device and tissue material.

The tissue material measuring apparatus which concerns on this invention irradiates a laser beam to the surface of one side of a rolled product, the ultrasonic oscillator which generate | occur | produces ultrasonic vibration to the other surface of a rolled product, and irradiates a laser beam to the other surface of a rolled product, and rolls An ultrasonic detector for detecting the ultrasonic vibration generated on the other surface of the rolled product by receiving the reflected light from the other surface of the product, and particle size calculating means for calculating the crystal grain size of the rolled product based on the detection result by the ultrasonic detector; The surface removal apparatus which irradiates a laser beam to the irradiation position of the laser beam irradiated to the other surface of a rolled product from an ultrasonic detector, and removes the oxide film of the other surface of a rolled product is provided.

Moreover, the tissue material measuring method which concerns on this invention irradiates a laser beam from a surface removal apparatus to the irradiation position of the laser beam irradiated to the other surface of a rolled product from an ultrasonic detector, and removes the oxide film of the other surface of a rolled product. Removing the oxide film on the other surface of the rolled product, and irradiating a laser beam to one surface of the rolled product from an ultrasonic oscillator to generate ultrasonic vibrations on the other surface of the rolled product; By irradiating the laser light to the other surface and receiving the reflected light from the other surface of the rolled product by the ultrasonic detector, the step of detecting the ultrasonic vibration generated on the other surface of the rolled product and the detection result by the ultrasonic detector And calculating the grain size of the rolled product.

The present invention provides an ultrasonic oscillator for irradiating a laser beam to one surface of a rolled product, generating an ultrasonic vibration on the other surface of the rolled product, and irradiating a laser beam to the other surface of the rolled product, An ultrasonic detector for detecting the ultrasonic vibration generated on the other surface of the rolled product by receiving the reflected light, a particle size calculating means for calculating the crystal grain size of the rolled product based on the detection result by the ultrasonic detector, and the rolled product from the ultrasonic detector By providing a surface removal apparatus which irradiates a laser beam to the irradiation position of the laser beam irradiated to the other surface of the structure, and removes the oxide film of the other surface of a rolled product, the oxide film adhering to the surface of the to-be-measured material is removed, In this way, it is possible to reliably measure the grain size of the non-destructive furnace.

Similarly, this invention irradiates a laser beam from a surface removal apparatus to the irradiation position of the laser beam irradiated to the other surface of a rolled product from an ultrasonic detector, and removes the oxide film of the other surface of a rolled product, and After removing the oxide film on the other side, the step of irradiating the laser beam to one surface of the rolled product from the ultrasonic oscillator to generate ultrasonic vibration on the other surface of the rolled product, and the laser beam to the other surface of the rolled product from the ultrasonic detector Irradiating and receiving the reflected light from the other surface of the rolled product with an ultrasonic detector, thereby detecting the ultrasonic vibration generated on the other surface of the rolled product and the crystal grain size of the rolled product based on the detection result by the ultrasonic detector. By setting it as the structure provided with the step which calculates the To remove the screen coating, it is possible to reliably carry out the measurement of the crystal grain size of the non-destructive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The block diagram which shows the structure material measuring apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention.
2 is an essential part configuration diagram showing a structure material measurement apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an arrangement of the tissue material measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. FIG.
4 is an essential part configuration diagram showing a structure material measurement apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
5 is an essential part configuration diagram showing a structure material measurement apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an arrangement of a tissue material measuring apparatus according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention; FIG.
The structural figure which shows the principal part of the rolling installation in Embodiment 4 of this invention.
8 is a configuration diagram showing a predictive model of tissue material.
The figure which shows the other structure of the rolling installation in Embodiment 4 of this invention.
10 is a block diagram showing a conventional tissue material measuring apparatus.

First, before demonstrating the specific structure of this invention, the method which measured the crystal grain diameter of a metal material non-destructively is demonstrated. As a method of nondestructively measuring the crystal grain size of a metal material, a method using Rayleigh scattering, a method using a propagation speed of ultrasonic waves, a method using an ultrasonic microscope, and the like have been proposed. In addition, although each measuring method is employ | adopted suitably also in this invention, here, the method of using the attenuation which arises from scattering (Reyrich scattering) by the crystal particle of typical ultrasonic wave is demonstrated.

Ultrasound is classified into a longitudinal wave, a transverse wave, etc. by the difference of the vibration form. As a measuring method of the crystal grain diameter using Rayleigh scattering, the longitudinal wave (bulk wave) of an ultrasonic wave is used. It is also known that the attenuation of the bulk wave is expressed by the following equation.

[Equation 1]

Here, p and p ₀ are negative pressure, a is a damping constant, and x is the propagation distance in a steel plate.

In the case where the frequency of the bulk wave is in the "Reirich region", the attenuation constant a is expressed by the following equation.

[Equation 2]

Here, a ₁ and a ₄ are coefficients, f is an ultrasonic frequency, and as described above, the attenuation constant a is approximated by a fourth order function of the ultrasonic frequency f. In addition, the 1st term | formula of (2) has shown the absorption damping term by internal friction, and the 2nd term has shown the Rayleigh scattering term | paragraph.

In addition, the said Rayleigh region means the area | region where crystal grain diameter is sufficiently small compared with the wavelength of a bulk wave, For example, it becomes the range which satisfy | fills following Formula.

[Equation 3]

Where d is the crystal grain diameter and? Is the wavelength of the bulk wave.

In addition, (2) the coefficient of the fourth order of the equation ₍₄ a), it is known that to meet the following formula:

[Equation 4]

Where S is a scattering constant. That is, the coefficient a ₄ is proportional to the third power of the crystal grain size d.

Since the bulk wave transmitted to the ultrasonic oscillator includes a frequency component of a certain distribution in the waveform, the attenuation rate of each frequency component can be obtained by frequency analyzing the waveform received by the ultrasonic detector. In addition, since the propagation distance in the steel sheet is known by detecting the time difference between transmission and reception, each coefficient of the formula (2) can be derived based on the attenuation rate and the propagation distance of each frequency component. Then, the scattering constant S is determined in advance using a standard sample or the like, whereby the crystal grain size d can be obtained by the formula (4).

Next, in order to demonstrate the material measuring apparatus which concerns on this invention in detail, it demonstrates according to attached drawing. In addition, in each figure, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected to the same or equivalent part, and the duplication description is abbreviate | omitted or abbreviate | omitted suitably.

Embodiment Mode 1.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a block diagram which shows the structure material measuring apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention. In addition, the structure | tissue material measuring apparatus mentioned later is provided in the rolling line by which the rolled product (The state in the middle of completing as a product from slab is included. Measure the tissue material of the product.

In FIG. 1, 1 is a measurement material consisting of the said rolled product (steel plate), 2 is provided below the rolled product which flows through a rolling line, the surface of one side of a rolled product is irradiated with a laser beam, and a rolled product Ultrasonic oscillator (transmitting side laser) 3 which generate | occur | produces ultrasonic vibration on the other surface of this is provided above the rolled product which flows through a rolling line, and irradiates a laser beam to the other surface of a rolled product, and rolls By receiving the reflected light from the other surface of the product, an ultrasonic detector (receiving side laser) for detecting the ultrasonic vibration generated on the other surface of the rolled product, 4 is connected to the ultrasonic detector 3, and from the ultrasonic detector 3 Signal processing means for receiving the detection signal and processing the received detection signal for calculating the crystal grain size of the rolled product; 5 is the determination of the rolled product based on the processing result of the signal processing means 4 The particle size calculating means which calculates a diameter, 6 is provided above the rolled product which flows through a rolling line, and irradiates a laser beam to the irradiation position of the laser beam irradiated to the other surface of a rolled product from the ultrasonic detector 3, and rolled product It is a surface removal apparatus (additional laser) which removes the oxide film of the other surface of this.

The ultrasonic oscillator 2 irradiates a powerful pulsed laser beam to one surface of the material to be measured 1 (rolled product), and generates ultrasonic pulses to one surface of the material to be measured 1. In addition, as the pulse laser which emitted the pulse laser light from the ultrasonic oscillator 2, the YAG laser etc. which can perform a Q switch operation etc. are used, for example. The pulsed laser light emitted from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 is tightened to a desired beam diameter by a lens (not shown) or the like, and is irradiated onto one surface of the material to be measured 1. Ultrasonic pulses generated on one surface of the measurement target material 1 by the pulse laser light irradiated from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 propagate in the measurement target object 1 to cover the other surface of the measurement object 1. In addition to oscillation, multiple reflections are repeated by reciprocating in the measurement object 1.

Moreover, in the said ultrasonic detector 3, the displacement of the ultrasonic vibration which generate | occur | produced on the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1 by the said ultrasonic pulse by using CW (continuous wave) laser. For example, an interferometer using photo reflective is employed to detect the displacement (hereinafter, simply referred to as "vibration displacement") of the ultrasonic vibration generated on the other surface of the measurement target 1. In addition to the interferometer using photoreflective, if the installation environment of the ultrasonic detector 3 is bad, Fabry-Perot interferometer, and if the other surface of the material to be measured 1 is not rough, Michelson Interferometers and the like are appropriately employed. Here, FIG. 2: is a principal part block diagram which shows the structure | tissue material measuring apparatus in Embodiment 1 of this invention, and shows the structure of the ultrasonic detector 3 in the case of using a Fabry-Perot interferometer concretely. The case where the vibration displacement is detected by the Fabry-Perot ultrasonic detector 3 will be described in detail below.

In Fig. 2, 7 is a CW laser, 8 is a mirror, 9 and 10 are beam splitters, 11 is a Fabry-Perot interferometer, and 12 is a photodetector. The Fabry-Perot interferometer 11 includes a pair of reflection mirrors 13a and 13b, an actuator 14 for adjusting the distance between the reflection mirrors 13a and 13b, and a control mechanism for controlling the actuator 14 ( Not shown). The actuator 14 is made of, for example, a piezo element, and is operated in order by the control mechanism so that the distance between the reflection mirrors 13a and 13b is accurately maintained at a desired value.

In the ultrasonic detector 3 having the above-described configuration, the laser light output from the CW laser 7 is reflected by the mirror 8 and then incident on the beam splitter 9, and the other surface of the material 1 to be measured 1. The laser beam is irradiated onto the laser beam, and the laser beam is incident directly on the Fabry-Perot interferometer 11 as a reference beam. The laser beam irradiated on the other surface of the measurement target material 1 is reflected at the other surface of the measurement target material 1 which is ultrasonically vibrated and is incident on the Fabry-Perot interferometer 11. In the Fabry-Perot interferometer 11, the laser light (reflected light) and the reference light reflected from the other surface of the measurement target 1 are resonated by the reflection mirrors 13a and 13b. In addition, the space | interval of the reflection mirror 13a and 13b is adjusted by the actuator 14 so that a reflected light and a reference light may resonate. The laser light resonated by the Fabry-Perot interferometer 11 becomes interference light and enters the photodetector 12 through the beam splitter 10. The photodetector 12 detects the interference waveform generated by the optical path difference between the reflected light and the reference light, that is, the intensity change of the interference light, based on the incident light incident.

On the other hand, the surface removal apparatus 6 is provided with a pulse laser having a high energy density to cause abrasion, and by irradiating the surface of the measurement target material 1 with pulsed laser light, 1) Remove the oxide film on the surface. The abbreviation refers to the explosive peeling of the solid surface layer with plasma light emission and impact sound, which occurs when irradiating a laser light having a high energy density.

Next, the installation position of the said ultrasonic oscillator 2, the ultrasonic detector 3, and the surface removal apparatus 6 is demonstrated. 3 is a diagram showing the arrangement of the tissue material measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, the ultrasonic oscillator 2 is provided with a predetermined distance on one surface (bottom surface) of the measurement target 1. The ultrasonic oscillator 2 has an optical path of a pulsed laser beam irradiated on one surface of the material 1 to be measured at a level of 0 degrees or more and 45 degrees or less with respect to a straight line perpendicular to one surface of the material to be measured 1. It is arranged to have a slope. In addition, in FIG. 3, the case where the optical path of the pulsed laser beam from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 becomes perpendicular | vertical with respect to the one side surface of the to-be-measured material 1 is shown.

In addition, the ultrasonic detector 3 is provided with a predetermined distance on the other surface (upper surface) which becomes the opposite side to one surface of the measurement target 1. The ultrasonic detector 3 is arranged so that the optical path of the laser beam emitted from the CW laser 7 is approximately perpendicular to the other surface of the material 1 to be measured, and is irradiated from the ultrasonic oscillator 2. The point where the optical path of the pulsed laser beam intersects with one surface of the material to be measured 1 (the sound source of ultrasonic vibration), and the sound source of the ultrasonic vibration (in Example 1, becomes directly above the sound source of the ultrasonic vibration). It is arrange | positioned so that at least one of the points on the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1 may pass. In addition, the ultrasonic detector 3 is arrange | positioned so that light reflected from the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1 can be received. Further, in order to prevent the pulsed laser light from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 from directly entering the ultrasonic detector 3, the ultrasonic detector 3 is placed on an extension line of the optical path of the pulsed laser light output from the ultrasonic oscillator 2. You may not arrange | position a light receiving part (for example, a lens).

On the other hand, the surface removing apparatus 6 is configured to irradiate the pulsed laser light with respect to the other surface of the measurement object 1 from the same direction as the direction in which the ultrasonic detector 3 irradiates the CW laser light. It is installed on the other surface of 1) with a predetermined distance. And in order to prevent that the pulse laser light irradiated to the to-be-measured material 1 directly inject | occur | produced into the ultrasonic detector 3, the surface removal apparatus 6 has the optical path of the said pulsed laser beam the ultrasonic detector 3 It arrange | positions so that it may have predetermined inclination (theta) of 0 degree | time or more and less than 90 degree | times with respect to the optical path of CW laser beam output from the.

In the ultrasonic oscillator 2, the ultrasonic detector 3, and the surface removing device 6 having the above-described configuration, the measurement target material is first released from the ultrasonic detector 3 in view of the measurement of the tissue material of the measurement target material 1. The pulsed laser light is irradiated from the surface removal apparatus 6 to the irradiation position of CW laser beam irradiated to the other surface (upper surface of a rolled product) of 1), and the oxide film adhering to the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1 is removed. . After the oxide film on the other surface of the material to be measured 1 is removed, a pulsed laser beam is irradiated to the one surface (bottom surface of the rolled product) of the material to be measured 1 from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 to be measured. Ultrasonic vibration is generated on the other surface of the ash 1. Next, while irradiating CW laser beam from the ultrasonic detector 3 to the other surface of the measurement target material 1, the ultrasonic detector 3 reflects the reflected light of the CW laser light reflected from the other surface of the measurement target material 1. By receiving light by the ultrasonic wave, the ultrasonic detector 3 detects the ultrasonic vibration generated on the other surface of the measurement target 1. In addition, the detection signal detected by the ultrasonic detector 3 is received by a digital waveform storage (for example, a digital oscilloscope) or the like, and is output to the signal processing means 4.

In addition, in the above process, the laser output of the surface removal apparatus 6 requires power more than a predetermined value in order to remove the oxide film to become a target. For this reason, adjustment of the laser output of the surface removal apparatus 6 is actually needed. In these adjustments, for example, after irradiating the pulsed laser light from the surface removal apparatus 6 to the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1, the output state of the ultrasonic detector 3 is confirmed and the oxide film removal state is confirmed. Judge. When it is judged that the removal of the oxide film is not sufficient, that is, when the output of the sufficient ultrasonic detector 3 is not obtained, the laser output of the surface removing apparatus 6 is raised and again on the other surface of the measurement object 1. The pulsed laser beam is irradiated and the output confirmation of the ultrasonic detector 3 is performed. In addition, when it is recognized that the output of the ultrasonic detector 3 is not enough even by irradiation again, pulse laser light is applied to the other surface of the measurement target 1 while gradually increasing the laser output of the surface removing apparatus 6. Irradiation confirms the output of the ultrasonic detector 3 for every irradiation. And the rise of the laser output of the surface removal apparatus 6 is stopped by the point from which the sufficient and appropriate output of the ultrasonic detector 3 was obtained.

Next, the operation of the signal processing means 4 which has received the detection signal from the ultrasonic detector 3 will be described. 4 is an essential part configuration diagram showing the structure material measuring apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, and particularly shows the configuration of the signal processing means 4 and the particle size calculating means 5. In FIG. 4, the signal processing means 4 includes, for example, a dense wave echo extraction means 15, a frequency analysis means 16, a frequency-dependent attenuation curve identifying means 17, and a multiple difference. It consists of a function fitting means 18.

In the signal processing means 4, first, based on the detection signal input from the ultrasonic detector 3, the dense wave echo extraction means 15 extracts a plurality of dense wave echo signals. Next, frequency analysis means 16 performs frequency analysis on the plurality of collected dense wave echo signals, and attenuates for each frequency from the difference in the spectral intensities of the multiple echo signals from the surface to be measured 1. Calculate. Next, if necessary, diffusion attenuation correction and transmission loss correction are performed to calculate the frequency characteristic of the attenuation constant. The frequency characteristic of the attenuation constant is obtained by fitting a quadratic function such as a quadratic curve by a least square method or the like to obtain a coefficient vector of the multiple order function.

The volume of each substructure is derived from the coefficient vector of the multiple order function obtained when the fourth order curve is fitted to the attenuation constant by the least square method, and the scattering coefficient S obtained from the measurement target 1 for calibration. The measured value d ₀ of the crystal grain diameter before correction by a rate is computed.

In addition, the said processing process is demonstrated concretely below.

Ultrasonic pulse trains such as the first ultrasonic pulse, the second ultrasonic pulse, ... are measured by the ultrasonic detector 3. At this time, the energy contained in each of the ultrasonic pulses is gradually decreased due to the loss at the time of reflection and the attenuation accompanying the radio wave in the material to be measured 1. That is, when only the portions of the first ultrasonic pulse and the second ultrasonic pulse are taken out and frequency analyzed, and each energy (power spectrum) is obtained, the second ultrasonic pulse is the plate thickness of the measurement target 1 as compared to the first ultrasonic pulse. Since the propagation distance is long by two times (t), energy attenuation according to the above formula (1) occurs. In addition, as a difference from the power spectrum of the first ultrasonic pulse, the amount of attenuation between them is obtained, and the curve goes up to the right. This curve is equivalent to the difference in propagation distance 2t multiplied by the attenuation constant a in the formula (2). Thereby, each coefficient of said Formula (2) in a unit propagation distance is calculated | required by the least square method etc. And, can be determined, measurement of crystal grain diameter (d ₀₎ By advance from the non-scattering constant (S) obtained from the standard sample, a ₄ of the calculated coefficients, as described above, the above-mentioned (3) inversion of expression.

According to Embodiment 1 of this invention, by providing the surface removal apparatus 6, the oxide film adhering to the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1 can be removed. That is, in the structure | tissue material measuring apparatus of the said structure, after removing the oxide film of the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1 with the pulsed laser beam which generate | occur | produces from the surface removal apparatus 6, it measures from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 The pulsed laser beam is irradiated to (1), and the ultrasonic wave detector 3 detects the ultrasonic vibration generated in the measurement object 1. For this reason, when CW laser beam is irradiated to the to-be-measured material 1 from the ultrasonic detector 3, the oxide film of the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1 is removed, and the amount of light returned to the ultrasonic detector 3 is increased. In this way, the resolution of the ultrasonic detector 3 can be greatly improved.

Moreover, the surface removal apparatus 6 is arrange | positioned so that the optical path of the output pulse laser light may have the inclination (theta) of 0 degree | time or more and less than 90 degree with respect to the optical path of CW laser beam emitted from the ultrasonic detector 3. For this reason, the pulse laser light output from the surface removal apparatus 6 can be prevented from reflecting on the measurement target 1 and injecting into the ultrasonic detector 3 directly. Moreover, since the surface removal apparatus 6 has the said arrangement | positioning, the ultrasonic detector 3 can be provided substantially perpendicular to the to-be-measured material 1, and it becomes possible to detect ultrasonic vibration efficiently with high efficiency. In addition, since the oxide film is removed by operating the surface removal device 6 before the ultrasonic detector 3 operates, the pulsed laser light from the surface removal device 6 can swell the performance of the ultrasonic detector 3. There is no adverse effect such as wave generation.

In addition, when using the said material measuring apparatus in a rolling line, by installing the ultrasonic detector 3 and the surface removal apparatus 6 above the rolled product, and installing the ultrasonic oscillator 2 below the rolled product, rolling Falling objects, such as water vapor and dust generated from a line, and retention on the lower surface of the rolled product can be avoided, and adverse effects of ultrasonic vibration detection can be minimized. Therefore, even in the environment in which the rolled product is moving in the rolling line, the ultrasonic detector 3 can detect the ultrasonic vibration efficiently and safely, and the crystal grain size can be reliably measured non-destructively.

In addition, in Embodiment 1, when the ultrasonic wave oscillator 2 is provided below the rolled product which flows through a rolling line, the ultrasonic detector 3 and the surface removal apparatus 6 are provided above the rolled product which flows through a rolling line. Although it demonstrated, the arrangement | positioning can be arbitrarily selected by the environmental conditions which install a tissue material measuring apparatus. That is, according to the installation environment, the ultrasonic oscillator 2 is provided above the rolled product, the pulsed laser light from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 is irradiated on the upper surface of the rolled product, and the ultrasonic detector 3 and the surface are removed. The apparatus 6 may be provided below the rolled product and configured to irradiate the bottom surface of the rolled product with the CW laser light from the ultrasonic detector 3 and the pulse laser light from the surface removing apparatus 6.

Embodiment 2:

FIG. 5: is a principal part block diagram which shows the structure | tissue material measuring apparatus in Embodiment 2 of this invention, and specifically shows the structure of the ultrasonic detector 3 specifically. In FIG. 5, the ultrasonic detector 3 is composed of a CW laser 7, a mirror 8, a beam splitter 9, a photoreflective element 19, and a photodetector 12. That is, the ultrasonic detector 3 is a photoreflective ultrasonic detector using the photoreactive element 19, and otherwise has the same configuration as that in the first embodiment.

In the ultrasonic detector 3 having such a configuration, the laser light output from the CW laser 7 is reflected by the mirror 8 and then incident on the beam splitter 9, and the other surface of the material 1 to be measured. The laser beam is irradiated onto the laser beam, and the laser beam is incident directly on the photoreflective element 19 as a reference light. In addition, the reflected light reflected from the other surface of the measurement target 1 vibrating ultrasonically passes through the beam splitter 9 and is incident on the photo reflective element 19. In the photoreflective element 19, the reflected light and the reference light are interfered in the crystal, and the interference light is incident directly on the detector 12.

In addition, when the photoreflective element 19 is used in the interferometer, there is a limitation that surface displacement exceeding 1/8 of the wavelength of the received light cannot be detected. This restriction becomes a problem especially when measuring the thin plate of 2 mm or less. For this reason, in order to lower the laser output of the ultrasonic oscillator 2 so that the amplitude converges within the range of the above constraint, the surface displacement is 66.5 nm (wavelength 532 nm = green), or 133 nm (wavelength 1064 nm = infrared). When exceeding, it is necessary to tighten the laser output of the ultrasonic oscillator 2, and to make surface displacement itself small. Alternatively, it is necessary to suppress the plate wave vibration by reducing the spot diameter without lowering the laser output of the ultrasonic oscillator 2. In addition, before the laser beam from the ultrasonic oscillator 2 reaches the to-be-measured material 1, it is assumed that the spot diameter is set to a lower limit so as not to cause abrasion in the space, and the spot diameter is reduced.

According to Embodiment 2 of the present invention, by employing the photoreflective ultrasonic detector 3, the reflection mirrors 13a and 13b as compared with the case where the Fabri-Perot ultrasonic detector 3 are employed. The part which is easy to be influenced by the disturbance, such as external vibration, and precision mechanism parts, such as the actuator 14 and a control mechanism, can be reduced. For this reason, it is hard to be influenced by disturbances such as vibration, and stable measurement can be realized for a long time even in a rolling line having a poor environment.

In particular, when performing on-line measurement in a hot rolling line, vibration caused by passage of a rolling mill and a rolled material, or water vapor generated when spraying cooling water from the cooling line to the rolled material for temperature control of the rolled material occurs. And the measurement environment is bad. In addition, the to-be-rolled material in hot ranges from about 500 degree | times to about 900 degree | times, and the temperature of the to-be-rolled material vicinity is very high. Therefore, by employing the photoreflective ultrasonic detector 3, it becomes possible to provide a tissue material measuring apparatus suitable for the environment.

Further, by decreasing the spot diameter without lowering the output of the pulsed laser light from the ultrasonic oscillator 2, the amplitude of the low frequency vibration is reduced, and instead, the amplitude of the ultrasonic component necessary for measuring the crystal grain size is increased. For this reason, the plate wave vibration which becomes one cause of the fall of a measurement precision can be avoided, and it becomes possible to detect the ultrasonic vibration effective for the measurement of a tissue material.

Embodiment 3.

It is a figure which shows the arrangement | positioning of the tissue material measuring apparatus in Embodiment 3 of this invention. In FIG. 6, the ultrasonic oscillator 2, the ultrasonic detector 3, and the surface removing apparatus 6 have the same configuration and arrangement as those in the first or second embodiment. 20 is provided above the rolled product (measurement material 1) flowing through a rolling line, and the irradiation position of the pulsed laser beam irradiated to the other surface of the measurement object 1 from the surface removal apparatus 6, and its irradiation position It is a gas ejection apparatus which injects inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, in the vicinity and prevents the other side surface of the to-be-measured material 1 from which the oxide film was removed newly oxidizes.

In the tissue material measuring apparatus having such a configuration, after the pulsed laser light is irradiated to the other surface of the material 1 to be measured from the surface removing apparatus 6 and the oxide film is removed, the gas ejection apparatus ( Inert gas is blown out from 20). Other configurations and operations are the same as those in the first and second embodiments.

According to Embodiment 3 of this invention, since the state in which the oxide film was removed from the other surface of the to-be-measured material 1 can be continued for some time, the sensitivity of the ultrasonic detector 3 is improved and the crystal | crystallization is more reliable. The particle size can be measured.

Embodiment 4.

In Embodiment 1 or 2, in the structure material measuring apparatus which concerns on this embodiment, tracking information etc. match the measurement point of a surface removal apparatus with the measurement target point of the mechanical property or structure material information in the inspection line of a rolled product. It is decided to use. The structure is demonstrated below using FIG.7 and FIG.8.

FIG. 7: is a block diagram which shows the principal part of the rolling installation in Embodiment 4 of this invention, and FIG. 8 is a block diagram which shows the predictive model of a structure material. In FIG. 7, the strip 22 which exited the rolling mill 21 is cooled by the out run table 23, and is wound up by a winding machine to become a coil 24. In FIG. Then, the coil 24 is conveyed to an inspection line, a part of which is cut out and processed into a test piece. In addition, in the inspection line, mechanical properties such as tensile strength and yield stress of the test piece are measured by the mechanical property measurement means 25. In addition, the tissue material information measurement means 26 based on microscopic observation or the like, the tissue material information of the test piece, such as ferrite grain size, phase volume ratios such as ferrite, pearlite and bainite, is measured.

The structure | tissue material measuring apparatus 27 is provided before the rolling mill 21 exit side and the winding machine, and the structure | tissue, such as the crystal grain diameter measured by the said tissue material measuring apparatus 27, by the tissue material information collection means 28 Material information is collected. The instruction value from the tissue material measuring apparatus 27 collected by the tissue material information collecting means 28 and the measured value by the tissue material information measuring means 26 are compared by the first tissue material information comparing means 29. do. And the comparison result of the 1st tissue material information comparison means 29 is reflected by the tissue material information collection means 28, and is used for the calibration of the tissue material measuring apparatus 27, and the precision confirmation. In addition, the comparison result of the 1st structure | tissue material information comparison means 29 is used also for the improvement of the precision of the tuning parameter of the identification method when the tissue material measurement apparatus 27 calculates a crystal grain diameter.

On the other hand, the process data collection means 31, such as load and speed data obtained from the rolling mill 21, and temperature data obtained from the thermometer 30 provided before and after the rolling mill 21, is collected. The measured process data is associated with the measurement target point of the mechanical property or tissue material information in the inspection line, and the time, and is stored in a data storage means (not shown) as a database, for example. Then, from the rolling time or the like, the material and the process data in the data storage means are retrieved, and the tissue material measuring apparatus 27 is arranged so that the measuring point of the surface removing apparatus and the measuring target point of the mechanical property or tissue material information on the inspection line coincide. Is controlled.

In addition, process data such as distortion, distortion rate, temperature, and the like obtained from the process data collecting means 31 is transmitted to the tissue material information predicting means 32, and the tissue material information predicting means 32 gives the tissue material information. Calculated by the mathematical model. Below, the calculation method in the tissue material information prediction means 32 is demonstrated based on FIG.

The tissue material model for calculating the tissue material information is roughly composed of a hot working model and a transformation model. The hot working model formulates phenomena such as dynamic recrystallization, recovery occurring continuously during dynamic recrystallization, static recrystallization, grain growth, and the like, which occur while being pressed down by the roll of the rolling mill 21, and thus the grain size during rolling and after rolling ( And austenite states such as grain boundary area per unit area and residual transition density. This hot working model is based on the γ particle diameter, time-to-pass time information based on temperature and speed, and equivalent distortion-distortion rate information based on the reduction pattern to determine intermediate structure states such as rolling γ particle size and transition density. Calculate The temperature-pass time information and the equivalent distortion-distortion speed information are calculated based on the rolling conditions (side plate thickness, exit plate thickness, heating temperature, pass time, roll diameter, roll rotation speed).

The metamorphosis model is prepared for separating nucleation and growth, and for estimating the state of the tissue after metamorphosis such as particle size, fraction of pearlite and bainite, and the like. This transformation model calculates the ferrite particle diameter, the tissue fraction of each phase, etc. based on the temperature information based on the cooling pattern in the runout table 23. In addition, the said temperature information is computed based on each of cooling conditions (air cooling and water cooling division, water density, the speed of a plate in a cooling apparatus, a component), and the amount of transformation by a transformation model.

In addition, in addition to the hot working model and the transformation model, when the influence of trace additive elements such as Nb, V, and Ti is considered, a precipitation model may be appropriately used in order to consider the influence of the precipitated particles. In addition, since some metal materials, such as aluminum and stainless steel, are not transformed, it is not necessary to use the said transformation model.

The tissue material information calculated by the tissue material information predicting means 32 having the above-described structure and the measured value by the tissue material information measuring means 26 are compared by the second tissue material information comparing means 33. Then, by the comparison result of the second tissue material information comparing means 33 is reflected in the tissue material information predicting means 32, the tissue material model is tuned, and the prediction accuracy is improved.

In addition, the process data obtained from the process data collecting means 31 and the tissue material information calculated by the tissue material information predicting means 32 are transmitted to the mechanical property predicting means 34, and the mechanical property predicting means 34 ), The mechanical properties are calculated based on the predetermined prediction model. The mechanical property calculated by the mechanical property predicting means 34 and the measured value by the mechanical property measuring means 25 are compared by the mechanical property comparing means 35. And by reflecting the comparison result of the mechanical property comparison means 35 to the mechanical property prediction means 34, tuning of the prediction model of a mechanical property is performed, and improvement of prediction accuracy is aimed at.

According to Embodiment 4 of this invention, even in the rolling line with a bad environment, it becomes possible to provide the tissue material measuring apparatus which detects the effective ultrasonic vibration with respect to the target point of tissue material measurement.

9 is a figure which shows the other structure of the rolling installation in Embodiment 4 of this invention. In the configuration of Embodiment 4, the input configuration may be changed as shown in FIG. 9, that is, the input to the second tissue material information comparing means 33 is substituted for the measured value from the tissue material information measuring means 26. This may be an instruction value from the tissue material measuring apparatus 27 collected by the tissue material information collecting means 28. In addition, the input to the mechanical property predicting means 34 is the tissue material measuring apparatus 27 collected by the tissue material information collecting means 28 in place of the tissue material information calculated by the tissue material information predicting means 32. ) May be an indication value. Also with the above configuration, it is possible to achieve the above effects.

In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment as it is, In an implementation step, a component can be modified and actualized in the range which does not deviate from the summary. Moreover, various invention can form various invention by the suitable combination of the some component disclosed in the said embodiment. For example, some of the components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Moreover, you may combine suitably the component over other embodiment.

As described above, according to the tissue material measuring apparatus according to the present invention, since the ultrasonic vibration generated on the other surface in the state where the oxide film of the measurement material is removed is detected, the amount of light returned to the ultrasonic detector for detecting the ultrasonic vibration is greatly reduced. It is possible to reliably measure the grain size of the measurement target by increasing the

In addition, since the oxide film adhered to the material to be measured can be removed, and the crystal grain size can be measured non-destructively, in particular, it is possible to cope with on-line measurement in a hot rolling line in particular.

1: material to be measured
2: ultrasonic oscillator
3: ultrasonic detector
4: signal processing means
5: particle size calculation means
6: surface removal device
7: CW laser
8: mirror
9: beam splitter
10: beam splitter
11: Fabry-Perot Interferometer
12: photodetector
13a: reflective mirror
13b: reflective mirror
14: actuator
15: Dense wave echo extraction means
16: frequency analysis means
17: means for identifying the attenuation curve for each frequency
18: multiple function fitting means
19: photoreflective element
20: gas blowing device
21: rolling mill
22: strip
23: Out Run Table
24: coil
25: mechanical property measurement means
26: organizational material information measurement means
27: tissue material measuring device
28: means of collecting tissue material information
29: first tissue material information comparison means
30: thermometer
31: means for collecting process data
32: means of predicting tissue material information
33: second tissue material information comparison means
34: means for predicting mechanical properties
35: mechanical property comparison means

Claims (8)

The tissue material measuring apparatus 27 which is provided in the rolling mill exit side of a rolling line, and measures the tissue material information of the rolled product which flows through the said rolling line by non-contact,
Tissue material information collecting means 28 for collecting tissue material information measured by the tissue material measuring apparatus 27;
Process data collecting means (31) for collecting process data of the rolling line including load data and speed data of the rolling mill;
Tissue material information predicting means 32 for calculating tissue material information of the rolled product by a predetermined tissue material prediction model based on the process data collected by the process data collecting means 31;
A tissue material information comparing means 33 for comparing tissue material information collected by the tissue material information collecting means 28 with tissue material information calculated by the tissue material information predicting means 32,
The tissue material information predicting means (32) performs a tuning of the tissue material predictive model based on a comparison result by the tissue material information comparing means (33). delete The method of claim 1,
And second tissue material information comparing means 29 for comparing tissue material information collected by said tissue material information collecting means 28 with actual values of tissue material information of said rolled product.
The tissue material measuring device 27 calculates the crystal grain size of the rolled product by a predetermined identification method and based on the comparison result of the second tissue material information comparing means 29, Tissue material measurement system characterized in that the tuning of the parameters. delete The method of claim 1,
On the basis of the process data collected by the process data collecting means 31 and the tissue material information collected by the tissue material information collecting means 28, the mechanical properties of the rolled product are calculated by a predetermined prediction model. Mechanical property predicting means (34),
Further comprising mechanical property comparison means 35 for comparing the mechanical properties calculated by the mechanical property prediction means 34 with the measured values of the mechanical properties of the rolled product,
And said mechanical property predicting means (34) tunes said predictive model based on a comparison result by said mechanical property comparing means (35). delete The method of claim 1,
Based on the process data collected by the process data collecting means 31 and the tissue material information calculated by the tissue material information predicting means 32, the mechanical properties of the rolled product are calculated by a predetermined prediction model. Mechanical property predicting means (34),
Further comprising mechanical property comparison means 35 for comparing the mechanical properties calculated by the mechanical property prediction means 34 with the measured values of the mechanical properties of the rolled product,
The mechanical property predicting means (34) performs tuning of the predictive model based on a comparison result by the mechanical property comparing means (35). delete

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