KR101090589B1 - Shaft making method of compressor - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a rotating shaft for a compressor. According to the present invention, a window 220 is formed so as to communicate the flow path 202 with the outside of the base material 200 to the base material 200 having a flow path 202 formed therein and coated on a sliding surface that slides with other components. It is a manufacturing method of a rotating shaft for a compressor to form an opening to the outer surface of the base material 200 to produce a rotating shaft 230. That is, in the present invention, first, the base material 200 is centered and positioned in the correct position, and the dross jig 230 is inserted into the base material 200. Next, by generating a laser 240 in the laser oscillator 100 using a fiber laser to the base material 200 through the laser head 120 mounted on the articulated robot 110, the base material 200 Cutting to form a window 220 to communicate the outside of the base material 200 and the flow path 202. Then, the surface of the coating of the portion where the window 220 is formed. In processing the surface of the coating, polishing or grinding is performed. According to the present invention, the manufacturing cost of the rotating shaft can be lowered, the workplace environment can be kept more clean, the time to manufacture the rotating shaft can be relatively reduced, the cutting surface by the laser is heat treated by the laser to mechanical strength There is an advantage that is further improved.

Compressor, rotary shaft, window, laser, machining

Description

Shaft making method of compressor

The present invention relates to a compressor, and more particularly, to a method of manufacturing a rotating shaft used in the compressor in which the refrigerant is compressed by the piston in the cylinder bore by the rotation of the rotating shaft receives the driving force of the engine.

The compressor used in the air conditioning system of the automobile sucks the evaporated refrigerant from the evaporator and transfers it to the condenser by making it easy to liquefy at high temperature and high pressure.

In such a compressor, there is a configuration in which a refrigerant is actually compressed, and a reciprocating type that performs compression while reciprocating and a rotary type that performs compression while rotating. The reciprocating type includes a crank type for transmitting a driving force of a driving source to a plurality of pistons using a crank, a swash plate type for transferring a rotating shaft provided with a swash plate, and a wobble plate type using a wobble plate. Rotary type includes vane rotary type using rotary rotary shaft and vane, and scroll type using rotary scroll and fixed scroll.

1 shows a configuration of a general swash plate compressor in cross section.

As shown in the figure, the skeleton and appearance of the compressor 10 are formed by the front head 11, the front cylinder block 12, the rear cylinder block 12 ′, and the rear head 28. These are arranged and combined in the order of the front head 11, the front cylinder block 12, the rear cylinder block 12 'and the rear head 28.

The front head 11 has a substantially disc shape, and a discharge chamber 11a is formed on one surface thereof. The discharge chambers 11a are opened toward the front cylinder block 12, respectively. The discharge chamber 11a is formed over a substantially ring-shaped region. The discharge chamber 11a is formed to be selectively communicated with each cylinder bore 12a of the front cylinder block 12 through the valve assembly 14 to be described below.

The front head 11 penetrates through the center of the shaft hole (O) is formed. The shaft through hole (O) is rotatably installed so that the rotating shaft 24 to be described below to be connected to the hub 43 to be described below.

The front cylinder block 12 and the rear cylinder block 12 'are coupled to each other and to the front head 11 and the rear head 28, respectively. A plurality of cylindrical cylinder bores 12a are formed in the front cylinder block 12 and the rear cylinder block 12 'in the direction of forming the shaft support hole 13 with the shaft support hole 13 as the center. . Of course, the cylinder bore 12a is formed at a position corresponding to the front cylinder block 12 and the rear cylinder block 12 ', respectively. The cylinder bore 12a and the shaft support hole 13 are connected to each other through a suction passage 13 ', respectively. The suction passages 13 ′ allow the refrigerant delivered through the inside of the rotating shaft 24 to be transferred to the cylinder bores 12a, respectively.

Discharge passages (not shown) are formed in the front cylinder block 12 and the rear cylinder block 12 'so as to communicate with the discharge chambers 11a and 28a of the front head 11 and the rear head 28, respectively. The discharge passage serves as a passage for discharging the refrigerant compressed in the cylinder bore 12a to the outside.

Refrigerant flows between the discharge chambers 11a and 28a and the cylinder bore 12a between the front head 11 and the front cylinder block 12 and between the rear head 28 and the rear cylinder block 12 '. It is provided with a valve assembly 14 for controlling. That is, the valve assembly 14 controls the refrigerant flow from the cylinder bore 12a to the discharge chambers 11a and 28a.

The valve assembly 14 is provided with a valve plate 15. The valve plate 15 has a substantially disk shape and has a discharge hole 15 'formed at a position corresponding to each cylinder bore 12a.

Discharge leads 17 are provided on one surface of the valve plate 15 facing the front head 11 and one surface of the valve plate 15 facing the rear head 28. The discharge lead 17 is a material capable of elastic deformation and elastically deforms according to the internal pressure of the cylinder bore 12a to open and close the discharge hole 15 '.

A communication hole (not shown) is formed at a position corresponding to the discharge passage of the valve plate 15. The communication hole serves to connect with the discharge passage.

The front cylinder block 12 and the rear cylinder block 12 ′ are formed with recessed portions formed on surfaces coupled to each other to form the swash plate chamber 23. In the swash plate chamber 23, the swash plate 26 provided on the rotating shaft 24 is rotatably positioned.

A rotating shaft 24 is installed through the center of the front head 11, the front cylinder block 12 and the rear cylinder block 12 '. The flow passage 24 ′ through which the refrigerant flows is formed in the rotation shaft 24. The flow passage 24 ′ is elongated in the longitudinal direction of the rotation shaft 24 inside the rotation shaft 24. An inlet 24a and an outlet 24b are formed on the outer surface of the rotation shaft 24. The inlet 24a connects the swash plate chamber 23 and the flow path 24 ', and the outlet 24b is the suction passage 13' of the front cylinder block 12 and the rear cylinder block 12 '. It is formed at a position that can be connected to). The position of the outlet 24b should be formed in accordance with the compression order of the refrigerant proceeding in each cylinder bore 12a.

The shaft seal 25 is inserted into one side of the rotation shaft 24 to be in close contact with the inner surface of the shaft through hole (O) of the front head (11). The shaft seal 25 serves to prevent the refrigerant from leaking between the rotating shaft 24 and the shaft through hole (O). The shaft seal 25 is formed of a rubber material capable of elastic deformation.

An approximately disk-shaped swash plate 26 is inclined with respect to the extending direction of the rotating shaft 24 on the rotating shaft 24. A plurality of shoes 27 surrounding the edge of the swash plate 26 is installed. The shoe 27 is configured to move along the edge of the swash plate 26.

On the other hand, the piston 30 is installed inside the cylinder bore 12a to enable a straight reciprocating motion. The piston 30 has a substantially cylindrical shape corresponding to the inside of the cylinder bore 12a, and both ends thereof are located in the cylinder bore 12a of the front cylinder block 12 and the rear cylinder block 12 ', respectively. That is, both ends of one piston 30 serve to compress the refrigerant in the cylinder bore 12a. The piston 30 is the middle portion thereof is coupled to the shoe 27, the linear reciprocating motion according to the rotation of the swash plate 26.

The rear head 28 is mounted on one surface of the rear cylinder block 12 '. The rear head 28 is formed with a discharge chamber 28a. The discharge chamber 28a is formed over a substantially ring-shaped area. The discharge chamber 28a is opened toward the rear cylinder block 12 ', respectively. The discharge chamber 28a is selectively connected to the cylinder bores 12a formed in the rear cylinder block 12 'through the valve plate 15.

Pulley 40 is rotatably installed on one side of the front head (11). The pulley 40 is formed in a disc shape having a hole formed in the center thereof. The pulley 40 is rotated by receiving the driving force of the engine through a belt (not shown).

The field coil 41 is built in the pulley 40. The field coil 41 generates suction magnetic flux when the power is applied to allow the disk 46 to be described below to closely adhere to the friction surface 40 ′ of the pulley 40.

Meanwhile, a hub 43 is installed at one end of the rotation shaft 24, and a damper 44 is provided at the hub 43. The damper 44 absorbs the shock generated during power transmission between the rotary shaft 24 and the pulley 40. The damper 44 is provided to move the disk 46 in a position facing the friction surface 40 ′ of the pulley 40.

The operation of the compressor having such a configuration will be described. When the driving force of the engine is transmitted to the pulley 40 through the belt, the pulley 40 is rotated. However, when power is not applied to the field coil 41, the disk 46 is not in close contact with the friction surface 40 ′ of the pulley 40, so that the rotation shaft 24 does not rotate.

In this state, when the necessity of operation of the air conditioning system occurs and the compressor needs to be driven, the control system of the user or the vehicle provides a signal for the operation of the air conditioning system. When the operation of the air conditioning system is started and the refrigerant needs to be compressed, the field coil 41 generates suction magnetic flux while power is applied to the field coil 41.

When power is applied to the field coil 41, the disk 46 is in close contact with the friction surface 40 ′ of the pulley 40 by the suction magnetic flux of the field coil 41. Accordingly, the rotational force of the pulley 40 is transmitted to the rotation shaft 24 through the disk 46, the damper 44 and the hub 43.

When the rotational force of the pulley 40 is transmitted to the rotation shaft 24 as described above, the rotation shaft 24 rotates to linearly reciprocate the piston to compress the refrigerant.

At this time, as the rotary shaft 24 rotates, the flow passage 24 'inside the rotary shaft 24 is connected to the cylinder bore 12a through the outlet 24b and the suction passage 13'. The connection of the flow path 24 'and the cylinder bore 12a allows the refrigerant sucked into the swash plate chamber 23 to be transferred to the cylinder bore 12a. For reference, the refrigerant is sucked into the cylinder bore 12a when the piston 30 is located at the bottom dead center of the corresponding cylinder bore 12a. As such, when the refrigerant is delivered to the cylinder bore 12a, the piston 30 of the corresponding cylinder bore 12a moves in the direction of the valve plate 15, and the refrigerant is compressed.

As such, when the refrigerant is compressed in the cylinder bore 12a, the pressure inside the cylinder bore 12a is relatively high, and the refrigerant is discharged to the discharge chambers 11a and 28a. The refrigerant discharged into the discharge chambers 11a and 28a is transferred toward a condenser (not shown) through an external discharge port.

The refrigerant delivered to the condenser through the discharge port is delivered to the compressor again through a condenser (not shown), an expansion valve (not shown), and an evaporator (not shown). In the compressor the refrigerant is compressed by repeating the process described above.

For reference, the rotary shaft 24 penetrates the inside thereof in the longitudinal direction to form a flow passage 24 ', and the inlet for communicating with the flow passage 24', the swash plate chamber 23, and the cylinder bore 12a, respectively. A total of four 24a and two outlets 24b are formed. In the following, the inlet 24a and the outlet 24b are collectively referred to as windows.

In the manufacturing process of the rotary shaft 24, the front and rear processes of forming the window will be briefly described. First, the flow path 24 'is formed, and the surface of the rotary shaft 24 is coated with Teflon. According to the method of Teflon coating, the concentricity of the surface of the rotating shaft 24 is adjusted through grinding if necessary. The window is then machined in the machining center. After processing the window, polishing is performed on the required part (steel part).

In forming the rotating shaft 24 through such a process, the said window was formed through machine cutting using the tool similar to the end mill which differs according to the shape, the dimension, etc., respectively.

As described above, when the window is machined by using a tool, the following problems occur.

First, since the material of the rotating shaft 24 is steel of high strength, when the window is formed on the rotating shaft 24 by using a tool, the tool wears out due to long use and the tool must be replaced frequently, thus increasing the cost according to the tool replacement cost. A problem occurs.

In addition, there is a problem that a machining chip is generated because the machine is cut using a tool, and the machining chip causes a failure of a machining center or the like.

In addition, when using a machine such as a machining center, it is difficult to flexibly cope with a large amount of work due to the large amount of time required for window processing because it is necessary to use different tools according to the shape and dimensions of the window.

Further, in the prior art, since the cutting tool is in direct contact with the rotating shaft 24 to perform the mechanical cutting, there is a problem that the mechanical strength of the cut portion for forming the window is relatively low.

Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to solve the problems of the prior art as described above, and to process a window of a rotating shaft for a compressor using a laser.

Another object of the present invention is to prevent the processing chip is generated in processing the window of the rotary shaft for the compressor.

Still another object of the present invention is to use a laser to process various types of windows more quickly.

Another object of the present invention is to relatively increase the mechanical strength of the inner surface of the window formed on the rotating shaft.

According to a feature of the present invention for achieving the object as described above, the present invention is a window formed on the outer surface of the base material to communicate the outside of the base material and the flow path to the base material is formed therein and coated on the sliding surface In the manufacturing method of the rotating shaft for a compressor to form an opening to form a rotating shaft, centering the base material to be positioned in place and inserting a dross jig into the base material, generating a laser in the laser oscillator to generate a laser through the laser head And irradiating to the base material to form a window communicating the exterior of the base material with the flow path, and surface-treating the coating of the portion where the window is formed.

In the forming of the window, high-pressure air is sprayed onto the surface of the substrate to which the laser is irradiated to prevent the formation of burrs, and the dross generated during laser processing is sucked and removed into the dross jig.

The surface treatment performed in the surface treatment step is either polishing or grinding.

The laser oscillator generates a laser using a fiber laser.

According to the method for manufacturing a rotating shaft for a compressor according to the present invention the following effects can be obtained.

First, in the present invention, since the window of the rotating shaft is processed using a laser, it is not necessary to replace expensive tools as in machine cutting, and only a power cost for generating a fiber laser is relatively low, so the cost for forming a window is relatively low. There is an effect that can lower the manufacturing cost of.

In the present invention, since a fiber laser is used during window processing, no processing chip is generated, and burrs and dross are removed using high pressure air during laser processing, thereby making the workplace environment more clean. There is also an effect that can be maintained.

In addition, in the present invention, since the window is processed using a laser, it is possible to process various types of windows more quickly by controlling the movement of the laser head irradiating the laser according to the characteristics of the window and controlling the output. There is also an effect that can be reduced relatively.

In the present invention, the inner surface of the window, that is, the cut surface by the laser is heat-treated by the laser in the process of forming the window using the laser, and thus the mechanical strength is further improved, thereby improving durability of the entire rotating shaft.

Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of a method of manufacturing a rotating shaft for a compressor according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the equipment is carried out a preferred embodiment of the manufacturing method of the rotating shaft according to the present invention, Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration for removing the dross generated when cutting using a laser. Is shown.

Before describing a specific embodiment, the following items are defined in advance for convenience of description. The rotation axis before the manufacturing method of the present invention is carried out is called the base material 200. As shown in FIG. 3, the base material 200 has a flow path 202 extending in the longitudinal direction therein, and a teflon is formed at a required part of the outer surface, that is, a part that slides with the inner surface of the shaft bore hole of the cylinder block. It is coated. Of course, the type of coating is also not limited to Teflon coating, the coating may be made of various materials.

First, the configuration of equipment in which the embodiment of the present invention is implemented will be described. Referring to FIG. 2, the laser oscillator 100 serves to oscillate a laser. The laser oscillator 100 is to provide a fiber laser (fiber laser).

Here, the characteristics of the fiber laser will be described. The fiber laser was made by generating a laser having a wavelength of 1064 nm by pumping a laser diode of 808 nm into an optical fiber doped with ytterbium (Yb).

Such fiber lasers are not sensitive to temperature, they are very energy efficient, and their energy per pulse is high because all the critical parts in the controller box are shielded.

The lifetime of the laser diode is about 100,000 hours, and the fiber optic cable itself takes its place without the need for a separate resonator, making the equipment very small and simple.

In particular, since the optical fiber cable itself serves as a resonator, there is an advantage that can completely solve the laser beam distortion problem that can occur by the laser itself.

The laser oscillator 100 provides a laser of high power of about 2kw or more to cut the base material 200 which is a steel material.

The articulated robot 110 is a robot used for industrial purposes, and a laser head 120 is installed at the tip thereof. The articulated robot 110 has a repeatability of about 30 micrometers for precision processing. The laser head 120 serves to irradiate the base material 200 with the laser oscillated by the laser oscillator 100 for the three-dimensional cutting with an autofocus function.

The fixed table 130 is installed in the area irradiated with the laser by the laser head 120. The fixed table 130 is to fix the base material 200 by centering. Although not shown in the position adjacent to the fixed table 130 or the laser head 120, there is provided a high-pressure air supply unit for supplying high-pressure air. The high pressure air is used to prevent the occurrence of burrs and to remove dross. The pressure of the high pressure air used to prevent the occurrence of burrs should be at least 15 bar.

In order to move the base material 200 to the fixed table 130 and to move the rotating shaft 210 formed on the fixed table 130 and the window 220 is formed in the fixed table 130, the transfer means 140 is It is installed at both ends of the fixed table 130. Conveyor may be used as the transfer means 140.

Both ends of the transfer means 140 is provided with a loading unit 150 and an unloading unit 160, respectively. Of course, in the case where the previous work or the next work is continuously performed, there may be no separate loading unit 150 and unloading unit 160. The loading unit 150 is positioned in a state in which a plurality of base materials 200 are stacked on a tray (not shown), and the unloading unit 160 has a tray waiting and then is rotated to be transferred. Will be loaded one after the other.

The process of manufacturing the rotating shaft 210 by forming the window 220 using the laser 240 on the base material 200 using the above-described equipment, and the surface processing will be described in detail.

First, the previous process is briefly described. The previous process forms a flow path 202 inside the base material 200, which is similar in shape to the rotation shaft 210, which is a roughly finished product. Such a process may be performed in a machining center or the like. Next, Teflon coating is performed on a required portion (generally, sliding surface) of the surface of the base material 200. Before the Teflon coating is performed, anodizing, sandblasting, or laser processing may be performed so that the Teflon coating may be more smoothly.

After the Teflon coating is performed, a grinding process is performed to match the concentricity of the Teflon coated portion. Through the grinding process, the distance from the rotation center of the base material 200 to the surface of the base material 200 is constantly adjusted.

The base material 200 in which such work is performed is positioned in the loading part 150 in a state seated on a tray. Of course, the transfer means 140 may be immediately transferred in the previous process and transferred to the fixed table 130.

The base material 200 is moved one by one by the transfer means 140 in the loading unit 150 is transferred to the fixed table 130. The base material 200 transmitted to the fixed table 130 is centered and positioned at the correct position, and the dross jig 230 is inserted into the flow path 202. The dross jig 230 has an inlet port 232 formed on one side thereof in a substantially cylindrical shape, and one end thereof is connected to a high pressure air providing unit (not shown).

As such, when the base material 200 is positioned on the fixed table 130, the articulated robot 110 is operated to move the laser head 120 to a desired position of the base material 200. Instead of the articulated robot 110, a four-axis facility having four axes, such as X, Y, Z, and a sub-axis, may be used. When the laser head 120 moves to a position where the laser beam can be irradiated to the base material 200, the laser head 120 irradiates the base material 200 with the laser oscillated by the laser oscillator 100.

Thus, the window 220 is formed while the base material 200 is cut into the shape of the window 220. In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, when the laser 240 is irradiated onto the base material 200, the cutting is performed while the corresponding portion of the base material 200 is melted. In this process, a burr 250 may be generated on the opposite side to which the laser 240 is irradiated, that is, on the inner surface of the flow path 202, which may be removed by high pressure air. That is, high-pressure air or about 15 bar of air is applied to the portion to which the laser 240 is irradiated, so that the portion melted by the irradiation of the laser 240 does not remain on the inner surface of the base material 200, but the dross jig The burr 250 is not generated by entering the inside of the 230.

On the other hand, the dross jig 230 is provided with a high-pressure air or a vacuum is formed. As a result, a portion of the base material 200 melted by the laser 240 enters the dross jig 230 through the suction port 232. The dross 260 entering the dross jig 230 is transferred to the dross jig 230 by the high pressure air.

For reference, a lot of heat is generated in the process of forming the window 220 by irradiating the base material 200 with the laser 240, this heat to heat the base material 200 to a depth of about 0.2mm from the surface. As the inner surface of the window 220 is heat treated as described above, the strength of the rotation shaft 210 may be relatively increased.

As such, when the processing of the window 220 is completed by the laser 240, the dross jig 230 is removed. The rotating shaft 210 in which the window 220 is processed in the fixed table 130 is conveyed by the conveying means 140 and goes to the unloading part 160.

The rotating shaft 210 transmitted to the unloading unit 160 performs surface processing on the Teflon coating of the portion where the window 220 is formed. This is because the damage of the Teflon coating occurs at the portion where the laser 240 is cut to form the window 220, and the surface is processed to handle this. Surface finishing may be polishing or grinding. In this case, the surface processing may be performed together with the steel part in which the steel, which is the material of the rotating shaft 210, is exposed in addition to the portion where the Teflon coating is formed.

As such, after the surface processing of the Teflon coating layer damaged during the formation of the window 220, the process proceeds to the following process.

The scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but is defined by the claims, and various changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims. It is self evident.

For example, the present invention is not limited to the rotary shaft 210 used in the fixed swash plate type shown in the drawings of the present invention, and the rotary shaft can be produced by applying the present invention to the rotary axis having only one window, such as the rotary axis used in the variable swash plate type compressor. Can be.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing the configuration of a typical swash plate compressor.

Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the configuration of equipment for implementing a preferred embodiment of the method of manufacturing a rotating shaft for a compressor according to the present invention.

3 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration for removing dross generated during cutting using a laser.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

100: laser oscillator 110: articulated robot

120: laser head 130: fixed table

140: transfer means 150: loading unit

160: unloading unit 200: the base material

210: axis of rotation 220: window

230: dross jig 232: inlet

240: laser 250: burr

260 dross

Claims (4)

Opening the window 220 to the outer surface of the base material 200 so that the flow path 202 is formed therein and the outer surface of the base material 200 and the flow path 202 communicate with the base material 200 having a coating on the sliding surface. In the manufacturing method of the rotating shaft for a compressor to form a rotating shaft 210, Centering the base material 200 to be positioned in place and inserting the dross jig 230 in the base material 200, The laser oscillator 100 generates the laser 240 and irradiates the base material 200 through the laser head 120 to cut the base material 200 to open the outside of the base material 200 and the flow path 202. Forming a window 220 to communicate with, Method of manufacturing a rotating shaft for a compressor comprising the step of surface processing the coating of the window 220 is formed The method of claim 1, wherein the forming of the window 220 prevents the formation of the burr 250 by spraying high-pressure air on the surface of the base material 200 to which the laser 240 is irradiated. Method of manufacturing a rotating shaft for a compressor, characterized in that for sucking and removing the dross (260) generated during laser processing into the jig (230). The method of manufacturing a rotating shaft for a compressor according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface processing performed in the surface processing step is any one of polishing and grinding. The method of claim 1, wherein the laser oscillator (100) generates a laser (240) using a fiber laser.

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