KR101089699B1 - Method for manufacturing artificial rock for eco-building - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is to reduce the dissolution of harmful components of concrete products applied to the artificial structure in order to reduce the growth of the copper, plants exhibited in the ecological view and the method of manufacturing the artificial structure to easily grow moss on the surface of the artificial structure. to be. The artificial rock and concrete according to the present invention is to mix the material of the conventional rock and the material blocking the harmful components generated by the cement applied to the manufacture of the concrete. The production of the artificial body consists of two layers, and the base part is to prevent the dissolution of heavy metals, and the upper part is to maintain weak alkalinity and to maintain the porous structure of the surface so that aquatic plants such as moss can easily settle. To this end, it uses inorganic heavy metal stabilizers that act as concrete aggregates in the concrete mix of artificial structures and at the same time can be combined with harmful heavy metals embedded in cement, and reinforces strength instead of reducing the specific gravity of cement to reduce the strong alkalinity caused by cement. To apply the fine cellulose fibers and organic polymers. In addition, porous ceramic materials are used as aggregate for natural texture and aquatic life on the surface.

Artificial structure

Description

Method for manufacturing artificial structure for ecological building {Method for manufacturing artificial rock for eco-building}

The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing ecologically friendly eco-structures, and more particularly, to reduce the dissolution of harmful components of concrete products applied to artificial structures in order to reduce the growth of copper and plants exhibited in the ecological halls. It is a method of manufacturing and the artificial structure to make moss easily grow on the surface of the artificial structure.

Structures and manufacturing methods that can be used in existing ecological pavilions have been focused on interior elements such as maintaining the same feel as nature and maintaining robustness. Ecological man-made structures are divided into FRP and GRC. FRP, which was widely applied at the beginning, has been replaced by GRC because of its high price and inconvenience of peeling off the coating in water. GRC structures typically use cement as the primary binder to increase strength, durability and lower construction costs. Artificial structures in concrete form are classified into artificial rocks, artificial walls, artificial flooring artificial plants, etc. Basically, materials are used as cement, aggregate (sand, etc.) and other additive materials. Therefore, existing artificial structures are mainly composed of simple concrete structures, which are related to the appearance of natural texture, ease of manufacture, and ease of installation. Did.

In particular, cement is the most widely used material because of its low cost due to excellent bonding, strength and durability for the GRC structure. However, the toxicity caused by cement materials used in ecological GRC structures is directly harmful to humans and organisms over long periods of time. Especially on the surface of cement-based concrete structures, plants are difficult to grow, and the mortality rate of fish, insects and animals that must be protected in the ecological view is high due to harmful toxic substances eluted from the cement. This toxicity is due to the strong alkalinity of the concrete (about pH = 13) and the release of heavy metals such as chromium, lead, cadmium, and other radioactive materials, depending on the sludge material used to make the cement. In particular, in recent years, in terms of economics and functions, fine particles (sludge) treated with wastes and by-products are commonly used for the production of general concrete and eco-concrete. The waste and by-product materials used include municipal waste incineration, sewage sludge, industrial waste, fly ash, blast furnace slag, etc., but contain harmful heavy metals and radioactive materials that are not decomposed by heat.

In addition, the existing GRC structure has a high specific gravity due to the characteristics of the inorganic material, the manufactured product is very heavy. As a result, GRC structures should be kept as thin as 25 to 50 mm in thickness for convenient transport installation. The surface layer of the GRC structure has to be made dense and solid in order to increase durability due to its thin thickness. Therefore, the heavy GRC structure has to be cut and transported into several pieces after fabrication. Cutting according to weight and size has different problems. In particular, when assembling and installing GRC structures indoors, there is inconvenience that many equipment and manpower are mobilized due to heavy weight, thereby increasing installation cost.

At present, most zoo ecological halls have a variety of measures to reduce cement toxicity (such as repeated washing and neutralization) and the inconvenience of letting the animals live after several months of waiting time to reduce toxicity.

The present invention was devised to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing an artificial structure in which harmful substances are not leaked to fish, insects, animals, plants, etc. while maintaining strength and function.

In addition, another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an artificial structure using a non-cement material in the surface layer of the artificial structure and the surface of the structure to maintain a porous structure so that aquatic plants easily settle.

The present invention for achieving the above object is an artificial structure of the concrete form of the present invention for achieving the above object consists of a coating layer of 20 to 40mm thick consisting of two layers in the model frame.

The two layers stabilize the harmful heavy metals and at the same time strengthen the strength of the lower layer of concrete, porous ceramic materials, and moisturizing materials, and a lightweight, alkaline, natural texture and a porous surface with moss. Layer.

Hereinafter, the composition for manufacturing the artificial structure of the present invention will be described in detail.

In order to manufacture the lower layer of the artificial structure according to the present invention, 20 to 100 parts by weight of heavy metal stabilizer, 10 to 30 parts by weight of glass hollow sphere, 20 to 50 parts by weight of silica sand, reinforcing fiber 0.5-5 to 100 parts by weight of cement It is made by mixing a weight part and 0.5-5 weight part of admixtures.

In order to manufacture the upper layer of the artificial structure, 50 to 100 parts by weight of calcined diatomaceous earth, 100 to 150 parts by weight of inorganic heavy metal stabilizer, 10 to 30 parts by weight of glass hollow sphere, 0.05 to 0.2 parts by weight of foaming agent, It consists of 0.05-0.2 weight part of bubble stabilizers, 2-5 weight part of cellulose fibers, and 2-10 weight part of natural pigments.

The heavy metal stabilizer is used by selecting at least one from the group consisting of a phosphate compound, a sulfur compound, an oxide compound to stabilize by binding to a heavy metal. Phosphate-based compound is composed of apatite, iron-phosphate, mono-calcium orthophosphate, sulfur compound is composed of calcium sulfate, iron sulfate , The oxide compound is iron oxide (aluminum oxide), aluminum oxide (aluminum oxide), calcium oxide (calcium oxide), silicon oxide (silicon oxide), sodium oxide (sodium oxide), titanium oxide (titanium oxide), manganese dioxide (MnO2), It consists of bauxite, magnesium oxide (MgO).

Reinforcing fibers are used in combination with glass fibers or synthetic fibers (PP, PVA, NYLON) and cellulose fibers in a ratio of 1: 1 to 1: 2 applied to existing manufacturing methods. Glass fiber and synthetic fiber reinforce the basic strength, and cellulose fiber supplements the functions of the existing glass fiber and gives the advantage of reinforcing fine shear and bending pressure that glass fiber does not have. In addition, the cellulose fiber has a smaller effective diameter of the fiber during the mixing process, and the number of fibers per unit volume is 100 to 1,000 times more than that of the conventional glass fiber or synthetic fiber, so there is little space for micro cracks or growth. It is very effective in making dense concrete, increasing strength and controlling cracks. Therefore, the mixed use of glass fiber and cellulose fiber is very efficient in reducing volume and weight.

Maintaining good moisture during concrete hardening and curing is one way to maintain good strength and reduce shrinkage. In concrete curing, the drying shrinkage causes the harmful components such as strongly alkaline calcium hydroxide and heavy metals contained in cement to move to the surface with moisture. This suppression is an important factor for ecological structures.

To compensate for this, it is necessary to maintain the moisturizing power between the mixture so that the curing effect in water and the heavy metal stabilizer are combined with the harmful heavy metals.

In the present invention, it was necessary to impart a function to slow down the drying speed for this purpose, and a hydrophilic material is used as a method of maintaining a moisturizing force between concrete and other materials. As a hydrophilic material applied in the present invention, a cellulose-based material that is a natural material, that is, cellulose fiber (concel) and cellulose-based moisturizing material (CMC, MC, HPMC) is applied in parallel. Improved moisturizing power due to the mixed application of the two kinds of cellulose-based materials enables the extraction of calcium hydroxide and heavy metals, which are harmful substances, into the concrete, and the combination of some heavy metals that are easily dissolved in strong alkalis with heavy metal stabilizers. The effect is increased, which reduces the elution of harmful substances in the surface layer.

Concrete using cement as the main adhesive can be maintained for a considerable period of time with reduced hazards by the above-mentioned method, but in the long term it will be neutralized by reacting with water and carbon dioxide, resulting in weakened surface strength. On weakened surfaces, they are still alkaline at pH 10–11 and fine particles containing other harmful substances come off and these particles affect living organisms.

Therefore, the surface of concrete structures using cement as the main adhesive requires additional treatment without affecting the living organisms. The material of the surface layer needs to be composed of a non-cement based adhesive material, not a cement based material from which strong alkalies and harmful substances flow out. Non-cement based adhesives should be those that have good adhesion with concrete and cannot be peeled off due to strong alkalis. Adhesive materials suitable for this should be weakly alkaline and have excellent water resistance and binding performance that do not permeate water and carbon dioxide. Neutral or acidic synthetic binders have the disadvantage of reacting with the strong alkali of concrete, causing neutralization of the concrete surface and causing the surface layer to peel off.

Suitable synthetic resins (polymer binding material) suitable for the above use those prepared to exhibit weak alkalinity. For example, the acrylic resin in the synthetic resin is one in which acrylic acid, a methyl group, and an amine group are combined to emulsify in the state where ammonia is added to maintain weak alkaline (pH8-9). Appropriate amount of weakly alkaline, adhesive and binding water-soluble polymers can be applied to the surface layer and the material mixed well.

The inorganic materials applied to the surface layer act as fillers and are all composed of natural materials (minerals). The minerals applied in this filling role consist of a mixture of adsorbable heavy metals and adsorbable silica. Heavy metal stabilizers are those obtained from natural minerals, and are applicable to phosphate compounds, sulfur compounds, and oxidized compounds. Phosphate compounds include apatite, iron phosphate, and mono-calcium orthophosphate. The sulfur compound is composed of calcium sulfate, iron sulfate, and the oxide compound is iron oxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, silicon oxide ( silicon oxide, sodium oxide, titanium oxide, manganese dioxide (MnO 2), bauxite, magnesium oxide (MgO). These heavy metal stabilizers are those extracted from nature and use silt-like ones with a particle size of 0.005mm to 0.074mm mesh to serve as fillers.

Among these minerals, plastic porous diatomaceous earth and glass hollow spheres are used to provide a porous structure in the surface layer. Calcined diatomaceous earth is calcined at about 1,300 ℃ to enlarge the porosity and increase the strength of the diatomaceous earth. Glass hollow spheres are manufactured to have an empty inside of the microglass particles, and have the same hardness as sand and have a specific gravity of 0.1 to 0.6.

The color of the surface layer is controlled by mixing the inherent color of the heavy metal stabilized fill material with the color represented by the natural pigment. Mixed color materials should be selected so that the final pH is 8 ± 0.5 so that the freshwater and saltwater organisms of the ecological tube are not disturbed.

According to the manufacturing method of the artificial structure of the ecological pavilion of the present invention, it is possible to eliminate the harmfulness of concrete due to the use of cement used in the artificial structure, and thereby to effectively inhabit the animals, plants, fish, etc. of the ecological exhibition hall, Even when installing the structure, there is a light effect to reduce the inconvenience caused by the weight and the effect of growing moss on the surface.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. However, the present invention is not limited by this embodiment.

Example 1

In order to form the lower layer of the artificial structure, a silicone base and a curing frame (200mm x 200mm x 50mm) capable of curing the mixed material are prepared. In the mixing material, add 1 kg of cement, 300 g of apatite powder, 200 g of manganese dioxide, 100 g of glass hollow sphere, 300 g of silica sand, 3 g of polypropylene fiber, 2 g of cellulose fiber, mix for 30 seconds, and add 800 g of water and 5 g of a fluidizing agent. It was prepared by stirring for a minute. The prepared mixture was placed in a curing mold to a thickness of 20 mm and cured in a shaded place for 30 days. After curing, 1mm of acrylic resin, 300g of calcined diatomaceous earth, 1kg of apatite, 50g of glass hollow sphere, 1g of foaming agent, 0.5g of bubble stabilizer, 30g of cellulose fiber, and 50g of natural black pigment were mixed to a thickness of 5mm on the cured lower layer. Coating and curing for 10 days yielded two layers of the artificial structure material.

Example 2

By the same material mixing, coating, and curing method used in Example 1, an artificial structure having a lower layer of 20 mm and an upper layer of 10 mm was obtained.

Example 3

By the same material mixing, coating, and curing method used in Example 1, an artificial structure having a lower layer of 20 mm and an upper layer of 15 mm was obtained.

Example 4

By the same material mixing, coating, and curing method used in Example 1, an artificial structure having a lower layer of 20 mm and an upper layer of 20 mm was obtained.

Example 5

By the same material mixing, coating, and curing method used in Example 1, an artificial structure having only 20 mm of the lower layer was obtained.

In order to evaluate the performance of the artificial structure obtained in the above embodiment, the structure obtained in the above example was cut into a circular acrylic tank (diameter X height = 150 mm X 300 mm), and placed under the tank to seal the water so that the edge does not penetrate. After filling with water (distilled water, pH = 7) and covering the lid, the dissolution characteristics of pH and heavy metals with time variation in the artificial structure were analyzed.

As can be seen from the above results, in the lower layer (Example 5) mainly composed of cement, no heavy metal was detected, but the increase in pH due to cement was observed. However, the two layers formed at the same time showed a slight change in pH and no detection of heavy metals.

Claims (5)

Artificial structure of 20 to 40 mm thick, consisting of a combination of a concrete lower layer and a porous surface layer, The concrete lower layer is 20 to 100 parts by weight of heavy metal stabilizer, 10 to 30 parts by weight of glass hollow sphere, 20 to 50 parts by weight of silica sand, 0.5-5 parts by weight of reinforcing fiber and 0.5 to 5 parts by weight of admixture with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement. Manufactured by mixing The porous surface layer is 20 to 100 parts by weight of calcined diatomaceous earth, 100 to 150 parts by weight of inorganic heavy metal stabilizer, 5 to 30 parts by weight of glass hollow spheres, 0.05 to 0.2 parts by weight of foaming agent, and 0.05 to 0.2 of bubble stabilizer based on 100 parts by weight of synthetic resin. A weight part, 2 to 5 parts by weight of cellulose fibers, and 2 to 10 parts by weight of natural pigments are manufactured by mixing. delete delete The method of claim 1, The heavy metal stabilizer is stabilized by binding to heavy metals, artificial structure for ecological aspect characterized in that at least one selected from the group consisting of phosphate-based compounds, sulfur compounds, oxide compounds selected by mixing Manufacturing method. delete