KR101066920B1 - Device for mounting a tank in a ship - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a device for mounting a tank in a ship (1). Said device comprises at least two foundations (4) which are fastened to the hull at a distance from each other in the longitudinal or transversal direction of the ship (1) and each of which supports one saddle (6) that is adapted to the shape of the tank (3) and is used for accommodating the tank (3). The inventive device further comprises an insulating layer (8) that is provided on each saddle (6) to thermally insulate the foundations (4) relative to the tank (3) as well as safety mechanisms (10; 12; 15) for mounting the tank (3) on the foundations (4), said safety mechanisms (10; 12; 15) allowing a relative movement between the tank (3) and at least one foundation (4) on the insulating layer (8) in the longitudinal direction of the tank. Each saddle (6) is fastened directly to the tank (3) and has a planar bottom face (7) while each foundation (4) has a planar top face (5), all bottom and top faces (7; 5) being parallel to one another. The insulating layer (8) is disposed between the bottom face (7) of the saddle (6) and the top face (5) of the associated foundation (4) while the safety mechanisms (10; 12; 15) allow a limited relative movement between each saddle (6) and the foundation (4) thereof on or in the insulating layer (8).

Description

DEVICE FOR MOUNTING A TANK IN A SHIP

The present invention relates to a device for installing a stand-alone tank for liquid gas, in particular LNG, in a ship according to the preamble of claim 1, and a two-leaf pressure tank particularly suitable for the device.

There are several typical solutions for transporting liquid gas in ships, especially offshore ships. In either case, a storage vessel for cold or refrigerated liquid gas is thermally insulated from the hull in the vessel and a storage vessel is connected to the hull under acceleration up to 1.5 G, which appears during loading and operation of the load. In addition to integrated tanks, membrane tanks and semi-membrane tanks, stand-alone tanks for liquid gas are used, which stand-alone tanks are mechanically stable on their own, ie without depending on the vessel structure. In addition, it can be distinguished into a pressureless tank and a pressure tank, where the temperature of the liquid gas is particularly low in the pressureless tank.

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) has a lower temperature than most industrial liquid gases and therefore requires special conditions in its construction.

A liquid gas transport vessel with a device of the type described above has already been built, in which the annular cylindrical tank is placed such that its longitudinal axis coincides with the longitudinal direction of the vessel and sometimes coincides with the transverse direction. At this time, the saddle, which is fitted to the base and the annular cylindrical tank fixed to the hull and has a substantially arch shape, forms a structural unit, and an insulating layer is disposed between the saddle and the tank. The tank is fixed against longitudinal positioning in one of the birds, but can move longitudinally in the other birds so that no thermal stresses occur in the longitudinal direction. The tank is placed in the saddle by shape fitting so that the tank is fixed in the direction transverse to the longitudinal direction. However, thermal shrinkage in this direction is carried out at the lowest point of the saddle foundation and thus no significant thermal stress is produced.

In this case, it is not suitable for what is called a bilobal tank which consists of two parallel and mutually cut annular cylinders. These two-leaf tanks have been used for some time since they can use vessel space more efficiently than annular cylindrical tanks and at the same time maintain mechanical stability. In order to install a bilobal tank in a vessel, a device of the above-described structure with common saddles for both tank halves has already been used. These birds have two arcuate shapes that correspond to each other in the tank's lateral direction, corresponding to the tank shape. The thermal shrinkage here is carried out at its highest point towards the center of the birds so that thermal stress occurs. The thermal stress can still be tolerated if it is relative to a relatively very hot liquid gas, such as ethylene (load temperature approximately -100 ° C.). However, the known structure encounters limitations at lower temperatures such as liquid natural gas due to the temperature itself and the higher coefficient of thermal expansion of the tank material which must be used for refrigerated liquid gas.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a device of the type described above which is suitable not only for annular cylindrical tanks filled with particularly cold, so-called refrigerated liquid gases, in particular LNG.

This object is achieved by the device according to the invention as claimed in claim 1, in which the preferred forms of the invention appear. A bilobal pressure tank according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for the device according to the invention, is shown in claim 10.

In the device according to the invention, the foundation and the birds do not form structural units. Rather, the base and the birds are separated from each other, have two flat surfaces parallel to each other, and between them the corresponding flat thermal insulation layer is laid. In this form or in the form of two parts of an insulating layer with two flat interfaces, relative motion to compensate for thermal stress in the insulating layer can occur in all directions, i.e., across the longitudinal direction of the tank. Thus, the cross-sectional shape of the tank structure and the lowest temperature of the liquid gas are no longer important (as the stress is not absorbed and released) to ensure function. The device according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for the installation of two-leaf tanks for LNG transportation.

The insulating layer of the device according to the invention is preferably composed of pressure resistant and shear resistant materials so as to withstand the load of the filled tank and withstand the frictional forces that arise during relative movement due to temperature differences. The material may be a polymeric plastic. However, compressed wood is preferably used in a known manner. The insulating layer can be firmly installed on the top of the foundation or on the bottom of the corresponding birds. In the case of a two-part insulating layer, one part is firmly installed on the top of the base and the other part is firmly mounted on the bottom of the corresponding birds, so that relative movement between the two takes place at the flat boundaries of both parts in the insulating layer.

According to a first preferred alternative form of the invention, each insulating layer is firmly installed on the upper surface of the foundation so that relative movement between the birds and the foundation takes place on the lower surface of the birds. This is the simplest structure.

In this form, the maintenance of the tank in the vessel by the retardation of the position movement can be best performed by the means of claim 4, wherein the web is capable of sliding movement between the underside of the birds and the insulating layer fixed to the foundation. Resist across the longitudinal extension of each web. In this case, of course, the web should be selected and arranged so that the release of thermal stress is not limited. Preferred arrangements in this respect are shown in claims 5 and 6. One or more webs extending laterally in the tank in the saddle inhibit longitudinal movement of the tank in the saddle. On the other hand, since the birds or other birds do not have a web extending across them, there may be a relative movement necessary to release the stress in the longitudinal direction. The longitudinally extending webs according to claim 6 secure the tank laterally and allow the transverse relative movements necessary to release thermal stress to occur symmetrically on both sides. If the longitudinal axis of the tank is laid parallel to the longitudinal direction of the ship according to the general and preferred arrangement, the longitudinally extending webs must be exactly in the center of the ship (relative to the ship's transverse direction), which means that the tank This is to keep the center of the ship on expansion or contraction so that its balance is not disturbed.

A safety device for preventing the tank from lifting from the base when the wave strikes is preferably formed according to claim 7. The safety device is likewise arranged in the cross-center of the ship. This has the advantage of avoiding the possibility of being caught between the tank and the hull when unloading from the tank due to the slightly concave arching of the bottom of the ship which actually occurs when unloading, for a possible arrangement on both sides of the tank.

Of course, several tanks in a ship can be installed with the aid of the device according to the invention. In this respect, the design of the vessel generally follows known standards. Likewise, for economic use of the vessel, it is also possible to fill other liquid media, such as chemical products, if necessary in a tank installed according to the invention.

Hereinafter, the present invention and other preferred details will be described in detail with reference to the embodiments together with the drawings schematically shown.

1 is a simplified cross-sectional view of a ship with a device according to the invention for installing a two-leaf tank;

FIG. 2 shows a part-long sectional view of the tank and the device according to FIG. 1 in the region of the rear base and the saddle relative to the vessel longitudinal direction; FIG.

3 is a partial-long sectional view of the portion corresponding to FIG. 2 in the region of the front base and the saddle;

4 shows an enlarged detail of the section according to FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged detail view of the section according to FIG. 3; FIG.

6 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the bracket and corresponding vessel side support in the saddle of the tank;

7 is a cross-sectional view along the line A-A of FIG. 6;

8 is a schematic illustration of the flat bottom surface of the birds of the device according to the invention.

Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawings

1: hull 2: ship longitudinal

3: tank 4: foundation

5: flat top 6: saddle

7: flat bottom surface 8: insulating layer

10: web, transverse direction 11: recess, transverse direction

12: web, longitudinal direction 13: recess, longitudinal direction

14 bracket 15 support

16: insulation layer between bracket and support 21: front saddle

22: rear saddle

1 shows a simplified cross section of a hull 1 with a device according to the invention for installing a bilobal tank 3. The cross section shown is perpendicular to the ship longitudinal axis.

The bilobal tank 3 has a cross section consisting of two arc segments. The tank 3 rests on two or more saddles 6, only one of which is shown in FIG. 1. The saddle 6 is tightly connected with the tank 3 and is preferably welded. The foundation 4 is arranged in the hull 1 and is firmly connected to the hull. An insulating layer 8 is arranged between the flat top surface 5 of the foundation 4 and the flat bottom surface 7 of the saddle 6. The insulating layer 8 transmits the weight force of the tank 3 and its contents to the base 4. The insulating layer 8 preferably consists of compressed wood at least partially. The insulating layer is firmly connected to the flat lower surface 7 of the saddle 6 and slides on the flat upper surface 5 of the foundation 4. Alternatively, the insulating layer 8 may be firmly connected to the flat top surface 5 of the foundation 4 and slide on the flat bottom surface 7 of the saddle 6. According to another alternative form, the insulating layer 8 consists of two or more layers, the bottom of which is firmly connected to the flat top surface 5 of the foundation 4 and the top layer of the saddle 6. It can be firmly connected with the flat bottom 7 of.

The insulating cover of the tank 3 is not shown in FIG. 1 and in other figures. The insulating cover surrounds the tank 3 and the saddle 6 on all sides except the flat bottom of the saddle 6, which is covered by the insulating layer 8 shown in FIG. 1. The insulation cover and insulation layer 8, not shown, minimize the loss of cold air in the tank 3 or the heat transfer from the hull 1 to the tank 3.

The lateral or longitudinal forces acting parallel to the insulating layer 8 appear static, especially when the ship is tilted, and dynamically when the ship is rocked back and forth or from side to side. This force is transmitted in parallel to the flat top face 5 of the foundation 4 and the flat bottom face 7 of the saddle 6 by means of the devices described in detail on the basis of FIGS. 2 to 8 below. In FIG. 1, the bracket 14 and the support 15 can be seen.

2 schematically shows a side view of a tank 3 with a device according to the invention. Preferably, the device shown in FIG. 2 is the latter of the two devices or the latter of more devices in the direction of travel. The tank 3 is provided with a saddle 6. An insulating layer 8 is arranged between the flat lower surface 7 of the saddle 6 and the flat upper surface 5 of the foundation 4. In front of and behind the saddle 6, the support 15 is firmly connected with the base 4 in the longitudinal direction of the vessel. The support encloses the bracket 14 securely connected with the saddle 6 as described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 6 and 7 below. The bracket 14 is preferably an extension of the plate forming the flat bottom 7 of the saddle 6.

The web 10 is arranged perpendicularly to the flat lower surface 7 of the saddle 6 and is firmly connected with the saddle. The web 10 is disposed transverse to the longitudinal axis of the ship and engages with a corresponding recess 11 of the insulating layer 8, which is firmly in contact with the flat top surface 5 of the foundation 4. It is connected. Through the shape fit of the web 10 and the insulating layer 8 or its inner recess, the force is transmitted parallel to the vessel longitudinal axis between the base 4 and the saddle 6.

3 is a side view schematically showing another device of the tank 3 in the hull 1. Preferably, the device shown in FIG. 2 is arranged behind the tank 3 in the direction of travel of the ship, and the device shown in FIG. 3 is located in front of the tank 3 in the direction of travel of the ship. The device shown in FIG. 3 is distinguished from the device shown in FIG. 2 in that the web 10 is not mounted on the flat lower surface 7 of the saddle 6. Therefore, no force is transmitted in the longitudinal direction of the vessel between the tank 3 and the saddle 6 on the one hand and the foundation 4 on the other hand. Thus, the change in the length of the tank 3 and in particular the spacing of the saddle 6 resulting from the temperature change does not generate stress between the saddle 6 and the foundation 4.

4 is an enlarged view schematically showing a section of the apparatus shown in FIG. 2. The insulating layer 8 is secured against positional movement with respect to the base 4 in the transverse or longitudinal direction of the vessel 10 by means of the impregnated shape of the base 4 or by other means. The web 10 of the flat lower surface 7 of the saddle 6 engages with the corresponding recess 11 in the insulating layer 8. In front of and behind the saddle 6 is an insulating cover of the tank 3 (not shown in FIGS. 1 to 3) in the longitudinal direction of the vessel followed by the saddle 6.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view schematically showing a section of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3. Unlike the device shown in FIGS. 2 and 4, in the device shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the web 10 is not arranged on the flat lower face 7 of the saddle 6. Thus, the flat lower surface 7 of the saddle 6 can slide on the insulating layer 8. Between the birds 6 and the foundation 4 no force is transmitted in a direction parallel to the bottom 7 of the birds or to the top 5 of the foundation 4 or at least with the birds 6. No force that exceeds the frictional force between the insulating layers 8 is transmitted.

FIG. 6 shows a partial cross section of the bracket 14 and the support 15 shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. The cross section shown is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the ship. The support 15 encloses the bracket 14 in the form of an inverted 'U'. In other words, the support 15 and the foundation 4 together form a tunnel or channel, in which a bracket 14 is arranged. An insulating layer 8 is disposed between the upper surface 5 of the base 4 and the bracket 14, and an insulating layer 16 is disposed between the bracket 14 and the support 15. Due to the impregnated form of the base 4, the insulating layer 8 is secured against positional movement with respect to the base 4. At the bottom of the bracket 14 a web 12 perpendicular to the bracket is arranged parallel to the vessel longitudinal axis, which meshes with a corresponding recess in the insulation layer 8. By the shape fitting, a horizontal force across the longitudinal axis of the ship is transmitted between the bracket 14 and the web 12 on the one hand and between the insulation layer 8 and the foundation 4 on the other hand, and the bracket 14 And positional movement in the direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the vessel of the tank. In addition, the support 15 prevents the bracket 14 and the saddle 6 connected with the bracket from being lifted out of the insulating layer 8 and the foundation 4.

FIG. 7 schematically shows a cross section along line A-A in FIG. 6. Whether the bracket 14 is molded on the saddle 6 or its flat lower surface 7 or the plate forming the flat lower surface 7 of the saddle 6 is molded or integrally formed with the lower surface. It can be recognized. The insulating layer 16 is rectangular in shape, and is secured against slipping from the bracket by the shape of the clasp on the upper surface of the bracket 14. On the side, there is a gap between the bracket 14 and the support 15. Guidance in the direction across the longitudinal axis of the ship is performed solely by the interaction of the web 12 shown in FIG. 6 with the recess 13 in the insulating layer 8.

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the flat bottom 7 of the saddle 6 of the tank (not shown in FIG. 8). The flat bottom 7 of the birds has their largest extension in the direction transverse to the ship longitudinal axis 2. As can be seen already in FIG. 1, the flat bottom 7 of the saddle 6 is roughly the width of the tank in this direction. Brackets 14 formed on the flat bottom 7 of the plate forming the saddles are arranged near the ship longitudinal axis 2 in front of and behind each bird. Each bracket 12 has a web 12 (also shown in FIG. 6) disposed on the ship longitudinal axis 2. Further, in the rear installation 21 in the direction of travel of the ship, a web 10 (also shown in FIGS. 2 and 4) across the ship longitudinal axis 2 is arranged on the flat bottom 7 of the birds. The web 10 receives a force parallel to the ship longitudinal axis 2 and inhibits the movement of the tank relative to the hull in the direction of the ship longitudinal axis 2. The web 12 receives the force across the ship longitudinal axis and prevents the tank from moving relative to the hull in the direction across the ship longitudinal axis 2.

Alternatively, the web 10 may not be disposed in the rear installation 21 in the direction of travel of the ship but may be arranged in the front installation 22 in the direction of travel of the ship. In addition, unlike the one shown in the figure, the flat lower surface 7 of the saddle 6 may consist of several parts and / or may be of other shapes than rectangular. In addition, the web 12 may be provided as a separate section of the saddle 6 and / or another number.

Claims (11)

Apparatus for installing a cylindrical stand-alone tank 3 for liquid gas, in particular LNG, in the vessel 1, which is provided on the hull at intervals from each other in the longitudinal or transverse direction of the vessel 1. The base 4 has the above-described bases 4, each of which is adapted to the shape of the tank 3 and supports the saddles 6 used to receive the tanks 3, and the apparatus also supports the tanks 3. An insulating layer 8 provided on each saddle 6 for thermal insulation of the foundation 4, and a safety device 10; 12; 15 for holding the tank 3 in the foundation 4. In which the safety device allows a relative movement between the tank 3 and the one or more foundations 4 in the longitudinal direction of the tank in the insulating layer 8, in which the tank is installed in the ship. Each saddle 6 is fixed directly to the tank 3 and has a flat lower surface 7, each foundation 4 having a flat upper surface 5, all of the lower surface 7 and the upper surface 5 being Parallel to each other, the insulating layer 8 is arranged between the lower surface 7 of the saddle 6 and the upper surface 5 of the corresponding base 4, respectively, and the safety devices 10; 12; 15 are Apparatus for installing a tank in a vessel, allowing limited relative movement between each saddle (6) and the corresponding foundation (4) on or in the insulation layer (8). The method of claim 1, Said insulating layer (8) consists of pressure resistant and shear resistant materials, preferably compressed wood. The method of claim 2, Each insulating layer 8 is firmly installed on the upper surface 5 of its foundation 4, so that relative movement between the saddle 6 and the foundation 4 takes place on the lower surface 7 of the saddle 6. Apparatus for installing a tank in a vessel made of. The method of claim 3, The safety device for holding the tank 3 on the foundation 4 comprises a web 10; 12 which is firmly connected to the underside 7 of the saddle 6, the web protruding vertically and an insulating layer. Apparatus for installing a tank in a ship, characterized in that it is received in a corresponding recess (11; 13) in (8). 5. The method of claim 4, The bottom surface (7) of the saddle (6) is provided with one or more webs (10) extending across the tank longitudinal direction. 5. The method of claim 4, The bottom surface 7 of each saddle 6 located in the center of the tank with respect to the transverse direction of the tank 3 is provided with one or more webs 12 extending in the longitudinal direction of the tank. Device for The method of claim 1, A safety device for holding the tank 3 to the foundation 4 is provided to the saddle 6 located in the center of the tank 3 with respect to the transverse direction of the tank in each saddle 6. One or two brackets 14 which are formed, which extend in the longitudinal direction of the tank and are disposed below the support 15 connected to the hull, respectively, between the support 15 and the bracket 14. Apparatus for installing a tank in a ship, characterized in that an insulating layer (16) is inserted for insulation. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, The tank is a device for installing a tank in a ship, characterized in that the two-leaf pressure tank. Two or more saddles 6 are provided for installing a pressure tank in the vessel 1, which are fixed to the pressure tank 3 at intervals from one another in the longitudinal direction of the pressure tank 3, with all the lower surfaces ( 7 has a flat lower surface 7 parallel to one another and has webs 10; 12 projecting perpendicularly to the lower surface 7, one or several of the webs 10 being saddles. (6) extend in the transverse direction of the pressure tank (3), one or more webs (12) in each saddle (6) in the longitudinal direction of the pressure tank at the center of the pressure tank with respect to the longitudinal direction of the pressure tank (3). A double-leaf pressure tank (3) for transporting liquid gas, in particular LNG, which extends in the vessel (1). A vessel (1) with a tank (3) for liquid gas, in particular LNG, and a device for installing the tank in the vessel according to any one of the preceding claims. The method of claim 10, Vessel (1) comprising a bilobal pressure tank (3) for liquid gas.

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