KR101066670B1 - An air cushion ship with a flowing ballast structure for freely controlling a draft line - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an air cushion ship, and in particular, to form a space for filling seawater and compressed air on the side wall of the hull and to supply the compressed air by communicating with the ballast cushion chamber formed to open the lower surface at the bottom of the ship bottom Or it relates to an air cushion ship designed to facilitate draft control by supplying sea water or compressed air to the hull side wall and ballast cushion chamber by the exhaust action.

In the present invention, the hull side wall formed by arranging the wall structure formed by combining a plurality of space blocks having a closed space portion up and down so as to trap air therein left and right; A bottom plate connecting the lower ends of the left and right side walls of the hull; A ballast tank formed to extend downwardly from the bottom plate so as to be enclosed by a ballast side wall and a ballast bottom to form a sealed space, and to fill ballast water in the sealed space; A lower hull side portion extending downward from the lower end portion of the side wall of the hull to form a curved shape, and one side of which is opened toward the inner side of the hull; The horizontal bulkhead connecting the lower side of the hull and the ballast sidewall body by arranging a plurality of the ballast sidewalls in the longitudinal direction of the hull to open the lower surface and forming a plurality of ballasting cushion chambers in communication with the lower side of the hull. ; And one side end is extended to the space portion in the space block and the other end is connected to the external air compressor is equipped with a draft control valve is a draft control pipe for supplying or exhausting the compressed air by the intermittent control of the draft control valve; It is made by including the compressed air to the draft control pipe or exhaust from it by filling or emptying the seawater in the space portion and ballast cushion chamber of the space block to enable draft control and air cushion navigation Disclosed is a pneumatic cushion ship having a freely adjustable draft ballast structure.

Air Cushion Vessel, Draft Control, Ballast Tank, Air Compressor, Compressed Air Storage Tank, Air Supply Pipe, Exhaust Pipe, Draft Control Pipe, Draft Control Valve, Hull Side Wall, Bottom Plate, Draft Compartment Room, Space Block, Horizontal Bulkhead, Boundary Wall, Balancer Tin Cushion Room

Description

Air cushion ship with a flowing ballast structure for freely controlling a draft line

The present invention relates to an air cushion ship, and more particularly, the weight of the cargo by communicating the side wall of the hull and the bottom of the ship bottom and through the communication space to the outside of the compressed air to be supplied or exhausted as necessary to inflow or discharge seawater The air cushion ship with a freely adjustable flow ballast structure developed to reduce friction with sea water by cushioning the compressed air supplied from the communicating space to the bottom of the ship during voyage. It is about.

The ship transmits the rotational power of the engine to the propeller and navigates on the water as its propulsion. The power loss due to the frictional resistance between the bottom of the ship and the water is submerged.

In order to minimize the frictional resistance between the hull and the water and to improve the energy efficiency, research and development of ships using air, such as air flotation ships or air cushion ships, have been in progress.

9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a conventional air cushion line. The air cushion line relates to a side wall type air cushion line and relates to a side wall type air cushion line in which both side wall portions 1 of the hull have an air cushion chamber 4 therebetween. The air cushion line uses a floating fan (5) for supplying compressed air to the air cushion chamber (4), and a porous plate (7) and an air blower (9) as an air bubble generating mechanism for reducing hull friction resistance during Hangzhou. ) To send compressed air. However, such an air cushion ship is applicable to only a small ship due to its structure, and is difficult to apply to a large ship, but also has a problem that the center portion of the hull is concave empty so that it is easily overturned when meeting a large blue.

10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of a conventional air cushion line. The air cushion line 1 is provided with a concave groove in the bottom of the boat and the inner diameter of the left and right both side walls 2 are inclined inwardly, so that the partition (from the bottom of the ship bottom plate 6 to the middle position in the height direction of both side walls 2) 7,8) are partitioned to form the air cushion chamber 5, which increases the weight of the shipment by the compressed air supplied to the air cushion chamber 5 and enables stable Hangzhou. However, even in the case of the air cushion line of such a structure, the inner center portion is formed concave and both ends are formed to extend long, so if one encounters a big blue and the like and is heard in the process of swinging from side to side, there is a risk of overturning. When applied to large vessels, such as container ships, it is true that the draft of the vessel is difficult to control only by the air cushion by compressed air.

Therefore, the ballasting operation of the vessel is also smoothly performed, and due to the proper combination of compressed air and free flow ballast water, the draft control according to the cargo loading is perfectly performed and the air friction resistance is minimized without fear of overturning during voyage. There was a need for the development of ships that could do this.

The present invention is derived to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, the object of the present invention is to load the cargo in large vessels, such as cargo ships or container ships compressed air in the draft control compartment provided separately in the side wall of the hull in addition to the basic ballast tank By inducing the free entry and exit of ballast water by the supply and exhaust of the ship, the draft control of the ship can be made quickly and stably.

In addition, by supplying compressed air to the hull bulkheads and ballasting cushion rooms of the ship during voyage, the ballast water is discharged and air cushions are formed to minimize the frictional resistance between the hull and the water, thereby improving the fuel efficiency of the ship and improving the speed of navigation. I want to increase.

In addition, it is an object of the present invention to provide an air cushion ship of a stable structure that is not likely to be overturned by the air cushion supplied to the bottom even when sailing rough seas.

In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, a side wall of the hull formed by arranging a wall structure formed by placing a plurality of space blocks having a closed space portion up and down so as to trap the air therein; A bottom plate connecting the lower ends of the left and right side walls of the hull; A ballast tank extending downward from the bottom plate to form a sealed space surrounded by a ballast side wall and a ballast bottom, and filling ballast water in the sealed space; A lower hull side portion extending downward from the lower end portion of the side wall of the hull to form a curved shape, and one side of which is opened toward the inner side of the hull; The horizontal bulkhead connecting the lower side of the hull and the ballast sidewall body by arranging a plurality of the ballast sidewalls in the longitudinal direction of the hull to open the lower surface and forming a plurality of ballasting cushion chambers in communication with the lower side of the hull. ; And one side end is extended to the space portion in the space block and the other end is connected to the external air compressor is equipped with a draft control valve is a draft control pipe for supplying or exhausting the compressed air by the intermittent control of the draft control valve; It is made by including the compressed air to the draft control pipe or by the operation to exhaust from it by filling or emptying the sea water in the space portion and ballast cushion chamber of the space block, it is possible to control the draft and air cushion It provides an air cushion ship having a flow ballast structure that can be freely adjusted.

At this time, an open side surface of the lower side of the hull may form a boundary wall through which a plurality of seawater distribution holes are formed.

Here, the side wall of the hull is composed of a plurality of draft adjustment compartment divided in the longitudinal direction of the hull, it is preferable that each draft adjustment compartment is provided with a pair of draft control piping.

In addition, one side end of the pair of draft control pipe is located in the space portion of the lowest space block of the space block in the draft control compartment, it is arranged that the vertical height of one side end of the pair of draft control pipe different from each other. desirable.

The ballast tank is preferably divided into a plurality of separate spaces along the longitudinal direction of the hull.

According to the present invention, it is possible to freely control the inflow and outflow of the ballast water by compressed air by combining the ballast tank provided at the center of the bottom of the hull and the draft adjustment compartment provided at the side wall of the ship according to the weight of the cargo to be shipped. Draft control is quick and easy. Therefore, it is possible to apply the concept of an air cushion to a large ship instead of the conventional air cushion ship applied only to a small ship.

In addition, depending on conditions such as the sea weather during sea voyage, seawater is filled in the side wall of the ship to increase draft or compressed air to increase buoyancy by air cushion to ensure optimized draft for weather changes. It is possible.

In addition, by supplying compressed air to the ballasting cushion rooms on both sides of the ballast tanks in the center of the bottom, minimizing frictional resistance between water and the hull during the voyage, it is possible to prevent fuel waste and increase the speed of operation of the ship. There is this.

In addition, in the case of the air cushion ship of the present invention can be operated by filling or discharging the ballast water in the ballast cushion room of the hull bulkhead and the bottom of the ship at any time, which is generated by discharging the seawater filled in the conventional ballast tank to the port of the destination It is possible to lower the risk of marine ecosystem destruction, and thus to reduce the cost of treating ballast water, which is very economical.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in more detail the configuration and operation of the present invention.

1 is a schematic plan view of an upper deck of an air cushion ship according to the present invention, Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of a lower deck of an air cushion ship according to the present invention, Figure 3 is an air cushion ship floor structure according to the present invention Is a schematic cross-sectional view of.

As shown, the air cushion ship 100 of the present invention is composed of the upper deck 101, the lower deck 102 and the bottom structure 103, which is for the convenience of description bulk cargo such as coal or grains Only one structure of a bulk carrier for loading is shown as an example, and the present invention is not limited thereto.

The upper deck 101 is provided with convenience facilities 101a such as a shower room, a toilet and a restaurant on the stern side, and a cargo hold hatch 101b is formed at the center of the hull. An engine compartment 102a is disposed at the stern side of the lower deck 102, and a cargo hold 102b is located below the cargo hold hatch 101b.

Below the lower deck 102 is formed a bottom structure 103 as shown in FIG. The bottom structure 103 shows a state in which the lower end of the hull is cut in the transverse direction. As shown, a draft control compartment 114 is formed between the outer wall (110a) and the inner wall (110b) of the hull side wall 110, a plurality of space blocks to be described later. The draft adjustment compartment 114 is formed in the hull side wall 110, a plurality along the longitudinal direction of the hull. In the figure, reference numeral 114a denotes a compartment partition wall for separating and partitioning between adjacent draft control compartments.

Ballast tanks 121, 122, and 123 are formed along the longitudinal direction of the hull at the center of the ship bottom. In the illustrated embodiment, the ballast tanks are divided into three zones, which are the first ballast tank 121, the second ballast tank 122, and the third ballast tank 123. Each ballast tank (121, 122, 123) is filled or discharged to the seawater in the same structure and manner as the ballast tank provided in a conventional general ship.

A ballasting cushion chamber 132 is formed between the ballast tanks 121, 122, 123 and the hull side wall 110 by a plurality of horizontal bulkheads 133 and the bottom surface of the ballast tanks 121 and 122 is opened to allow seawater to flow therethrough.

4 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an air cushion ship according to the present invention. The hull of the air cushion ship 100 is basically formed in the horizontal direction on the hull side wall 110 and the bottom and consists of a bottom plate 131 connecting the hull side walls 110 on both sides.

The hull side wall 110 is composed of a plurality of space blocks, and is composed of a first space block 111 of the uppermost layer, a second space block 112 of the middle layer and a third space block 113 of the lowermost layer. Each space block has spaces 111a, 112a, and 113a that may include air therein. The first to third space blocks 111, 112, and 113 configured to be stacked up and down constitute one draft adjustment compartment 114, and each draft adjustment compartment 114 is configured to be separated to shield an adjacent draft adjustment compartment. A lower end of the third space block 113 positioned at the lowermost layer is opened to form an opening 113b. Therefore, the seawater from the outside through the opening (113b) to be introduced or discharged as needed as will be described later. In the figure, reference numeral 110a denotes a hull outer wall, and 110b denotes a hull inner wall.

A pair of draft control pipes (117a, 117b) is extended to the inside of the hull side wall 110, preferably flows up to the inner space portion 113a of the third space block 113, which is the lowest space block. The ends of the control pipes 117a and 117b extend. At this time, it is preferable that the pair of draft control pipes (117a, 117b) is installed at different end positions of the pipes. That is, one side end of one draft control pipe 117a is positioned to extend near the opening 113b of the third space block 113, and one side end of the other draft control pipe 117b is the third end. It is positioned to extend to the ceiling of the space block 113.

The other side ends of the draft control pipes 117a and 117b are connected to the air compressor 151 to be described later, and the draft control valves 118a and 118a on the draft control pipes 117a and 117b to control the supply and discharge of the compressed air. 118b) is mounted so that opening and closing is possible.

At the lower end of the hull side wall 110, a lower hull side portion 115, which is a curved section of the lower part of the hull, extends from the hull side wall 110. One side of the hull bottom side 115, ie, one side toward the center of the ship, is opened to communicate with the ballasting cushion chamber 132, which will be described later, so that seawater and compressed air can enter and exit.

A boundary wall 116 may be formed on an open side of the lower side side 115 of the hull, and the boundary wall 116 separates a space inside the ballasting cushion chamber 132 and the hull sidewall 110 which will be described later. In the plate surface of the boundary wall 116, a plurality of seawater distribution holes (not shown) are formed through the plate. Accordingly, the seawater flowing through the ballasting cushion chamber 132 may be filled in or discharged from the internal space 113a of the third space block 113 through the seawater distribution hole.

A bottom plate 131 is formed at a lower portion of the hull to connect the hull sidewalls 110 disposed on the left and right sides of the hull to the left and right.

As illustrated, a ballast tank 122 having a structure surrounded by the bottom plate 131, the ballast side wall body 120a, and the ballast bottom body 120b is formed in the center of the bottom surface of the hull. The ballast tank 122 is formed to extend to the stern side in the longitudinal direction of the hull, as shown in FIG. The ballast tank 122 is to play the same role as the ballast tank formed in a conventional vessel, is to control the draft of the vessel by filling or discharging the ballast water in the tank. The ballast tank 122 allows the seawater to be charged or discharged through a pump (not shown).

A plurality of ballast cushioning chambers 132 are formed between the ballast tanks 121, 122, 123 of the ship bottom and the boundary wall 116. The ballasting cushion chamber 132 is a space at the bottom of the hull surrounded by the bottom plate 131 of the upper side, the boundary wall 116 on both sides and the ballasting side wall body 120a, and the bottom surface is opened. Therefore, the seawater coming into contact with the hull through the place immediately flows into the third space block 113 or discharged by the compressed air. The ballasting cushion chamber 132 is formed as a plurality of divided spaces along the longitudinal direction of the hull by a plurality of horizontal partition wall 133, as shown in FIG.

Referring to the operating principle of the air cushion ship 100 having such a configuration as follows. Compressed air may be supplied through the draft control pipes 117a and 117b positioned in the inner space portion 113a of the third supply block 113 or exhaust the air in the space portion 113a. Exhaust is controlled by opening and closing the draft control valves 118a and 118b. For example, when the cargo or container loaded on the ship is unloaded at the destination and the weight of the ship becomes light, the air inside the third space block 113 is discharged to the outside through the draft control pipes 117a and 117b. . Then, the seawater is directly introduced from below the ballasting cushion chamber 132 of the ship bottom, and the introduced seawater fills the space portion 113a of the third space block 113 through the boundary wall 116. Therefore, the draft of the hull is increased due to the inflow of ballast water, so that the hull can be balanced. In the case of loading the cargo on the ship or loading a large amount of the container, the weight of the ship becomes heavy, whereas in contrast to the above, the compressed air is supplied from the outside through the draft control pipe to be filled in the internal space 113a of the third space block 113. Drain seawater. Then, the buoyancy of the ship is increased by the volume of the discharged seawater, so that the ship is stably balanced. When the compressed air is supplied to the space portion 113a of the third space block 113 while sailing, the seawater of the space portion 113a is discharged to the outside through the ballasting cushion chamber 132, and the ballasting cushion chamber ( The seawater of 132 can also be discharged to the outside of the hull, and as a result, the compressed air in the ballasting cushion chamber 132 comes into contact with the seawater outside the hull. Therefore, the area where the bottom of the ship is in direct contact with the seawater is reduced, and the cushioning effect or the air buoyancy caused by the compressed air is generated, thereby reducing the frictional resistance with the seawater. The reduction in frictional resistance between the hull and seawater improves the fuel efficiency of the ship and, at the same power, increases the ship's navigation speed.

In addition, in the present invention, the ballast water storage tank is adjusted by filling or releasing the ballasting water by using the third space block 113 and the ballasting cushion chamber 132 in addition to the ballast tanks 121, 122, and 123 provided in the center of the hull. It is possible to reduce the destruction of the ecological environment caused by the discharge of seawater charged in the remote destination.

Figure 5 is a schematic bottom view of an air cushion ship according to the invention, Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the ballasted cushion chamber according to the cutting line VI-VI of Figure 5, Figure 7 is a ballast according to another embodiment of the present invention It is sectional drawing of a tinting cushion room.

As shown, the horizontal partition wall 133 is arranged in a plurality along the longitudinal direction of the hull so that the ballast cushioning chamber 132 is divided into a plurality of separate spaces. The horizontal bulkhead 133 may be formed to be perpendicular to the bottom plate 131 as shown in FIG. 6, but to reduce frictional resistance with seawater flowing to the bottom of the ballasting cushion chamber 132 while the ship is sailing. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 7, it is preferable to arrange at an angle with respect to the bottom plate 131.

8 is a schematic view showing a compressed air supply and exhaust system according to the present invention. Draft control pipes 117a and 117b installed in the hull bulkhead 110 are connected to a supply / exhaust system as shown in the drawing to receive compressed air from the outside or exhaust the air therein. Compressed air generated by the air compressor 151 is stored in the compressed air storage tag 152 through the filling valve 157, from which the compressed air is supplied to each draft control compartment 114 in the hull side wall 110. Will be. When the compressed air is supplied to each draft control compartment 114 through the air supply pipe 153, the air supply valve 154 is opened, and the exhaust valve 156 mounted to the exhaust pipe 155 is closed. On the contrary, when the air inside the draft control compartment 114 is exhausted, the air supply valve 154 is closed, and the exhaust valve 156 of the exhaust pipe 155 is opened to exhaust the air transferred through the air supply pipe 153 to the outside. Done.

The air supply valve 154, the exhaust valve 156, the filling valve 157 and the draft control valve (118a, 118b) may be designed to be controlled manually or automatically, the specific matters thereof are not the gist of the present invention. Detailed description is omitted.

1 is a schematic plan view of the upper deck of an air cushion ship according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the lower deck of the air cushion ship according to the present invention.

Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the air cushion ship floor structure according to the present invention.

4 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an air cushion ship according to the present invention;

5 is a schematic bottom view of an air cushion ship according to the present invention;

6 is a cross-sectional view of the ballasting cushion chamber according to the cutting line VI-VI of FIG. 5.

7 is a cross-sectional view of the ballasting cushion chamber according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 8 is a schematic view showing a compressed air supply and exhaust system according to the present invention.

9 is a longitudinal sectional view showing an example of a conventional air cushion line.

10 is a longitudinal sectional view showing another example of a conventional air cushion line.

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

100: air cushion ship 110: hull side wall

111,112,113: Space block 111a, 112a, 113a: Space part

114: draft control compartment 115: lower hull side

116: boundary wall 117a, 117b: draft control piping

118a and 118b draft control valve 120a ballast side wall

120b: ballast bottom body 121, 122, 123: ballast tank

131: bottom plate 132: ballasting cushion room

133: transverse bulkhead 151: air compressor

152: compressed air storage tank 153: air supply pipe

154: supply valve 155: exhaust pipe

156: exhaust valve 157: filling valve

Claims (5)

A hull side wall formed by arranging a wall structure formed by arranging a plurality of space blocks having a closed space portion up and down so as to trap air therein, from side to side; A bottom plate connecting the lower ends of the left and right side walls of the hull; A ballast tank formed to extend downwardly from the bottom plate so as to be enclosed by a ballast side wall and a ballast bottom to form a sealed space, and to fill ballast water in the sealed space; A lower hull side portion extending downward from the lower end portion of the side wall of the hull to form a curved shape, and one side of which is opened toward the inner side of the hull; The horizontal bulkhead connecting the lower side of the hull and the ballast sidewall body by arranging a plurality of the ballast sidewalls in the longitudinal direction of the hull to open the lower surface and forming a plurality of ballasting cushion chambers in communication with the lower side of the hull. ; And One side end is extended to the space portion in the space block and the other end is connected to the external air compressor is equipped with a draft control valve is a draft control pipe for supplying or exhausting the compressed air by the intermittent control of the draft control valve; It is made by including the compressed air to the draft control pipe or by the operation to exhaust from it by filling or emptying the sea water in the space portion and ballast cushion chamber of the space block, it is possible to control the draft and air cushion Air cushion ship with floating ballast structure with free draft control. The method of claim 1, An air cushion ship having a freely adjustable flow ballast structure, characterized in that a boundary wall through which a plurality of seawater flow holes are formed in the plate surface is formed on one open side of the lower side of the hull. The method according to claim 1 or 2, The side wall of the hull is composed of a plurality of draft adjustment compartment divided in the longitudinal direction of the hull, each draft adjustment compartment is provided with a flow control structure freely adjustable draft, characterized in that a pair of draft control pipe is installed. One air cushion ship. The method of claim 3, One side end of the pair of draft control pipe is located in the space portion of the lowermost space block of the space block in the draft control compartment, characterized in that the vertical height of one side end of the pair of draft control pipe is different from each other. Air cushion ship with floating ballast structure that can control draft. The method of claim 1, The ballast tank is an air cushion ship having a free flow control ballast structure characterized in that divided into a plurality of separate spaces along the longitudinal direction of the hull.

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