KR101059847B1 - Agricultural tops containing kapok fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to agricultural clay containing kapok fibers prepared by mixing 99.5 to 97% by weight of clay and 0.5 to 3% by weight of kapok fibers. The present invention can increase the productivity of the crop by containing a certain amount of kapok fibers in the normal soil, thereby improving the air permeability and cation exchange capacity of the soil.

Topsoil, kapok fiber, breathable, cation exchange ability

Description

Agricultural soil containing kapok fiber {Bed soil for crops having kapok fiber}

The present invention relates to agricultural soils containing kapok fibers that can improve crop productivity due to excellent breathability and cation exchange capacity (CEC).

The present invention relates to agricultural clays containing kapok fibers relative to conventional clays. As such, when the kapok fiber is contained in the normal topsoil, the air permeability and cation exchange capacity are improved as compared with the normal topsoil, thereby improving crop productivity.

Review the conditions for quality soils below.

1) Must possess ideal physical and chemical properties suitable for the growth of crops and soil microorganisms.

2) It should be excellent in water retention, drainage and breathability.

3) High cation exchange capacity.

The cation exchange capacity is a measure of nutrient preservation ability. The higher the cation exchange capacity, the better the adsorptive power of fertilizer components and nutrients, such as ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ ⁺ ) component, and their leaching is controlled, thus improving the binding power. By adsorbing harmful gases, an environmental atmosphere may be formed in which the roots grow vigorously in a pleasant environment.

4) Organics should be matured sufficiently and not decayed.

If the organic material is not mature enough, and if the corruption is severe, the oxygen concentration is reduced, the anaerobic state, the roots die, and a bad odor occurs.

5) Plant growth inhibitors should not be included.

6) Long-term plant cultivation does not change chemically and physically, so there should be no problems with the series.

7) It should be light and easy to transport and can be supplied in large quantities.

Conventional natural soils have many materials, but specificity, that is, the uniformity of particle size, uniformity of water retention, uniformity of drainage, chemical and physical uniformity are impossible, and thus, the above conditions are difficult to meet as a whole.

The raw materials of the topsoil vary considerably according to the manufacturer and the type of crops.However, the main raw materials are natural soils (mountain soil, loess, clay, etc.) and ripened composts (organic fertilizer). Minerals such as, royal sand, red soil, slaked lime, calcined dolomite, pearlite, bark, coco peat, conception and vermiculite were used according to the types of crops, and they were used in the initial stage. Slow and early growth may delay the seedling period, and there may be problems such as loss of nitrogenous fertilizers when mixing.

In order to solve the above problems and to improve the productivity of crops, agricultural soils have been steadily studied. For example, Korean Patent Application No. 1999-33411 describes, “a method of processing chaff as a soil material for hair growth and manufacturing using the same. "Scale of chaff which has been expanded to below a predetermined size, and it is 200 to about 600 mg / l of urea, as well as accelerators and gourds, and bovine A mixed clay prepared by mixing a predetermined amount of water with a suitable raw material prepared by mixing a predetermined amount of water with the above-mentioned raw rice husk prepared by the step of adding 200 ml / l to 400 ml / l of a fixed amount of water. However, the present invention merely provides a method of using one component of agricultural clay with a specific rice hull in a specific size, and does not disclose improving the air permeability and cation exchange capacity.

In addition, Korean Patent Application No. 2002-78036, "Sterile and Promoting Plant Topology, in which fine silver particles or colloidal silver is adsorbed on zeolite" is called "silver solution in which silver of nanoparticles is uniformly dispersed in purified water or A crop cultivation clay in which colloidal silver made by electrolysis is adsorbed to zeolite ”is disclosed. The present invention utilizes the bactericidal power of silver and the growth promoting function of zeolite to promote the growth of young crops. Providing a dedicated artificial soil for raising seedlings, it acts on various strains without any residual toxicity or harm, and has the effect of growing crops in an environmentally friendly manner. It also discloses the improvement of breathability and cation exchange capacity. not.

The present inventors have completed the present invention by knowing that when the kapok fiber is contained in ordinary soil, the air permeability and cation exchange ability can be improved while satisfying the conditions of the soil of high quality, thereby increasing the productivity of crops.

It is an object of the present invention to provide agricultural clay containing kapok fiber which can increase the productivity of crops by further improving the breathability and cation exchange capacity while satisfying the conditions of the high quality soil by containing the kapok fiber in the clay.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides agricultural clay containing kapok fiber prepared by mixing 99.5 to 97% by weight of clay and 0.5 to 3% by weight of kapok fibers.

The present invention has the effect of increasing the productivity of crops by providing agricultural soils containing kapok fibers with improved air permeability and cation exchange ability while satisfying the conditions of high quality soils, thereby promoting crop growth and development.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

The present invention provides agricultural clay containing kapok fibers prepared by mixing conventional clay and kapok fibers.

Agricultural soil containing the kapok fiber according to the present invention can be obtained by mixing the kapok fiber in a conventional soil mixed with inorganic minerals and organic resources.

The agricultural clay of the present invention is prepared by mixing 99.5 to 97% by weight of conventional clay and 0.5 to 3% by weight of kapok fibers, preferably 99.5 to 99% by weight of conventional clay and 0.5 to 1% by weight of carpok fibers.

The agricultural soil of the present invention is preferably mixed for 3 to 4 times by containing the kapok fiber in a common soil material mixed with soil, foliar soil and organic fertilizers, and then matured for 2 to 4 weeks.

The material of the soil of the conventional top soil may be Masato, Perlite, Vermiculite, Zeolite, and the like, and these soils serve as plant supports used in the production of topsoil.

In addition, organic material, which is part of conventional clay, includes all plant by-products, including sawdust and wood by-products used in the production of clay.

The kapok fiber is a natural fiber collected from 10 to 15 m high arbors produced in Java, Sumatra, India, Thailand, Indonesia, etc., consisting of 58% cellulose, 20% lignin and 20% pentosan. Each of the fibers independently forms a thin tube. In addition, it is economical because the price is low.

The organic acid contained in the kapok fiber contains a carboxyl group, which not only can adsorb and retain various harmful substances, but also greatly contribute to the improvement of the cation exchange capacity (CEC). That is, as the number of negative charges of the carboxyl group increases, the cation exchange capacity increases because it can adsorb and hold more positive charges introduced from the outside. In addition, the reason that the air permeability is improved is that the kapok fiber itself is composed of a lipophilic group, so that the air permeability may be improved as it is not deposited by adsorbing moisture and maintains its own form in the soil, and the negative charge ability mentioned above is improved. As a result, the adsorption and granulation of the cation may be promoted to improve air permeability. In addition, the kapok fiber is a fiber having a hollow structure with a diameter of about 10 μm has a physical feature to facilitate the circulation of air can be improved air permeability.

In addition, the present invention Drying normal topsoil (step 1); Grinding normal topsoil (step 2); And it provides a method for producing agricultural clay containing kapok fiber comprising the step (step 3) of mixing the ground soil and kapok fiber ground in step 1 to produce agricultural soil. 99.5 to 97% by weight of the ground soil pulverized in step 3 and 0.5 to 3% by weight of kapok fibers are mixed to form agricultural soil.

When the kapok fiber is included in more than 0.5 to 3% by weight of the soil, the lipophilic kapok fiber may be excessively deteriorated and the water retention may be drastically reduced, thereby preventing normal growth of crops. In addition, the volume of the topsoil increases, and the volume density of the topsoil as a whole can be a problem.

In addition, the present invention provides a method for promoting crop growth using agricultural topsoil containing the kapok fibers. Agricultural soil containing the kapok fiber of the present invention can significantly improve the air permeability and cation exchange capacity than conventional soil to promote crop growth by promoting crop development.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail by the following examples. However, the following examples are merely to illustrate the invention, but the content of the present invention is not limited thereto.

Example 1 Preparation of Agricultural Soil Containing Kapok Fiber

By analyzing the contents of carbon and nitrogen and heavy metal contaminants of soil raw materials such as soil, soils and organic fertilizers, it was determined whether they were suitable as soil raw materials.The blending ratio of these soil raw materials was 50% Masato and 30% organic soil Fertilizer was adjusted to 20%, ground finely and mixed well 3-4 times for 3 weeks. Thus boiled top soil 99.5% by weight and 0.5% by weight of kapok fibers were mixed, and then additionally mixed three times to produce agricultural top soil, the quality standards of the prepared top soil was measured according to the following measurement method Table 1 and Table Divided in 2 and shown.

<Examples 2 to 3> Preparation of agricultural soil containing kapok fibers

Examples 2 to 3 were carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 1% by weight of kapok fibers and 2% by weight of kapok fibers were mixed in the soil, and the quality standards of the prepared soil were measured according to the following measuring method. Table 1 and Table 2 are shown in divided.

Comparative Example Preparation of Agricultural Soil

By analyzing the contents of carbon and nitrogen and heavy metal contaminants of soil raw materials such as soil, soils and organic fertilizers, it was determined whether they were suitable as soil raw materials.The blending ratio of these soil raw materials was 50% Masato and 30% organic soil Fertilizer was adjusted to 20%, finely ground and mixed well 3-4 times to boil for 3 weeks to prepare agricultural soil.

How to measure quality standards

The analysis method of the topsoil component is based on the Jeollabuk-do Agricultural Research and Development Institute's basics and theory of agricultural environment analysis (soil, plant, fertilizer, soil, water quality).

1. Moisture: Measured using a room temperature heating loss method.

2. Organic matter: measured using Tyurin's method.

3. Total nitrogen: Measured using Kjeldahl distillation.

4. Effective phosphoric acid: measured using Lancaster method.

5. Calcium, Magnesium, Sodium, Potassium: Measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.

6. Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu: Measured using an inductively coupled plasma spectrophotometer method.

7. Bulk density: measured using the collimation method using a weight of 500 grams.

8. Water-holding force: It was analyzed using a water-holding force measuring device using a porous plate.

9. pH: 20 ml of air-dried soil was added to 100 ml of distilled water, and shaken for 1 hour, and measured by pH electrode method.

10. EC: 20 ml of air-dried soil was added to 100 ml of distilled water and shaken for 1 hour, and measured by EC-meter.

11. Ammonia-N: Substituted leaching with 1M-KCl was measured using Kjeldahl distillation.

12. Nitrate-N: Substituted leaching with 1M-KCl was measured using a spectrophotometer method.

13. CEC: Measured using 1M-NH ₄ OAc extraction.

14. Breathability measurement: It is important to ensure breathability as well as water retention capacity for crop growth. Breathability is simply the meteorological rate in the soil. Even if the weather rate is not necessarily measured, the volume density value can be applied and used. Bulk density values can be conveniently used as weather rates.

Quality standards moisture Organic matter Total nitrogen calcium magnesium salt potassium CD Pb Zn Cu unit (%) (mg / kg) Example 1 30.2 49.8 1.25 0.92 1.02 0.38 1.88 Not detected Tr 10.02 0.03 Example 2 24.4 62.2 1.14 1.02 1.01 0.12 1.90 Not detected Tr 9.22 0.02 Example 3 22.8 63.1 1.56 0.82 0.77 0.31 1.65 Not detected Tr 9.06 0.02 Comparative example 30.9 45.7 1.62 0.89 1.02 0.67 1.85 Not detected Tr 10.14 0.05

Quality standards Bulk density pH EC Ammonia-n Nitrate-N Av.-P ₂ O ₅ CEC Conservative unit (Mg / m ³ ) (1: 5) (dS / m) (mg / kg) (cmol / kg) % Example 1 0.33 6.42 0.29 290.5 192.2 279.1 18.1 47.5 Example 2 0.31 6.50 0.28 292.6 198.5 264.1 19.9 40.9 Example 3 0.28 6.51 0.29 294.7 200.2 234.6 18.2 39.4 Comparative example 0.35 6.34 0.44 300.1 178.9 280.1 13.9 49.2

division Item Unit of Analysis Warranty scope Physicality Moisture content % Autonomous warranty Conservative % Autonomous warranty Bulk density Mg m ^-3 Autonomous warranty Chemical pH (1: 5, v / v) - 5.5 to 7.0 EC (1: 5, v / v) dSm ^-1 1.2 or less Ammonia nitrogen (NH ₄ -N) mg ℓ ^-1 Autonomous warranty Nitrogen Nitrate (NO ₃ -N) mg ℓ ^-1 Autonomous warranty Effective Phosphoric Acid (P ₂ O ₅ ) mg ℓ ^-1 Autonomous warranty CEC cmol ⁺ kg ^-1 Autonomous warranty Hazardous Ingredients Arsenic, cadmium, mercury, lead, chromium, copper mg kg ^-1 Arsenic 6, cadmium 1.5,
Mercury 4, lead 100, chromium (hexavalent) 4,
Copper 50 or less Herbicide - Not detected Biological Pathogens (blight, wilting, green blight, nematodes) - none

Table 1 and Table 2 show the results of measuring the physical properties, chemical properties and harmful components for the agricultural soil prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples using the above-described soil quality measurement method. Table 3 shows the soil quality criteria.

As shown in Table 1 and Table 2, it can be seen that the agricultural soil prepared in Examples 1 to 3 according to the present invention satisfies the soil quality criteria shown in Table 3, compared to the comparative example does not include the kapok fiber It can be seen that it exhibits excellent breathability (low volume density) and cation exchange capacity (CEC). Referring to Table 2, it can be seen that the cation exchange capacity of the agricultural soil of the present invention is significantly increased to 18 ~ 19.9 cmol / kg compared to the conventional cation exchange capacity of 13.9 cmol / kg of the normal soil. This indicates that 1 kg of the clay in the comparative example can adsorb about 13.9 cations, whereas 1 kg of agricultural clay of the present invention can adsorb and hold 18-19 pieces. Compared to the general cation exchange capacity of 8 ~ 9 cmol / kg of the soil of Korea, the cation exchange capacity of the agricultural soil of the present invention is 18 ~ 19.9 cmol / kg of the quality of the agricultural soil is significantly improved.

Experimental Example 1 Cucumber growth status measurement

Cucumber seedlings were obtained by putting the agricultural tops prepared in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples into plastic seedling pots and sowing cucumber seeds. On the 30th day after sowing, the cabbage seedlings were transplanted to the main fabric and cucumbers were grown. These were photographed and shown in FIG. 1.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, it can be seen that cucumbers grown on agricultural soils containing kapok fibers as in Examples 1 to 3 have superior growth and development compared to cucumbers grown in Comparative Examples.

1 is a photograph of cucumbers grown for 30 days in agricultural soil prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples.

Figure 2 is a graph showing the average weight of cucumbers grown for 30 days in agricultural soil prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the total weight of cucumber grown in 30 days in agricultural soil prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples.

Claims (4)

Agricultural soil containing kapok fibers prepared by mixing 99.5 to 97% by weight of clay and 0.5 to 3% by weight of kapok fibers. The agricultural clay containing kapok fiber according to claim 1, wherein the topsoil is 99.5 to 99% by weight and the kapok fiber is 0.5 to 1% by weight. A method for promoting crop growth using agricultural topsoil containing the kapok fibers of claim 1. The method of claim 3, wherein the agricultural soil containing kapok fibers improves breathability and cation exchange capacity.

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