KR100979035B1 - Method for heat treatment bearing steel having excellent abrasion resistance at high temperature - Google Patents
Method for heat treatment bearing steel having excellent abrasion resistance at high temperature Download PDFInfo
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- KR100979035B1 KR100979035B1 KR1020020085760A KR20020085760A KR100979035B1 KR 100979035 B1 KR100979035 B1 KR 100979035B1 KR 1020020085760 A KR1020020085760 A KR 1020020085760A KR 20020085760 A KR20020085760 A KR 20020085760A KR 100979035 B1 KR100979035 B1 KR 100979035B1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
- C21D1/19—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/40—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rings; for bearing races
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
- C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
- C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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Abstract
본 발명은 고온에서 사용되는 베어링강의 열처리 방법에 관한 것이다.
The present invention relates to a heat treatment method of bearing steel used at high temperatures.
이 열처리 방법은 침탄질화열처리한 다음 담금질하고, 2차 담금질한 후, 템퍼링하는 것을 포함하여 이루어지는 베어링강의 제조방법에 있어서, 상기 2차 담금질 열처리 온도를 830~860℃로 하고, 2차 담금질 열처리 분위기를 탄소 포텐셜: 0.9~1.1% 및 NH3 가스: 2~5부피%로 하며, 상기 템퍼링 온도를 160~180℃로 행하는 것을 포함하여 이루어진다.
The heat treatment method is a manufacturing method of a bearing steel comprising a quenching and nitrification heat treatment, and then quenching, secondary quenching, tempering, the second quenching heat treatment temperature is 830 ~ 860 ℃, secondary quenching heat treatment atmosphere the carbon potential: 0.9 ~ 1.1%, and NH 3 gas: and a 2-5% by volume, comprises the performing the tempering temperature was 160 ~ 180 ℃.
이 열처리 방법은 침탄질화, 2차 담금질 및 템퍼링 온도의 변화를 통하여 석출물을 다량으로 석출시켜 소재의 표면 경도를 향상시킴으로써, 표면경도를 1차적으로 증가시키고 뜨임시 온도를 변경하여 기지조직을 강화시킴으로써 2차적으로 표면 경도를 증가시킬 수 있다. 상기 효과는 고온에서 내마모성 및 경도의 향상을 가져온다.
This heat treatment method increases the surface hardness of the material by increasing the surface hardness of the material by depositing a large amount of precipitates through carburizing, nitriding, secondary quenching, and tempering, thereby strengthening the matrix structure by changing the temperature at tempering. Secondly, surface hardness can be increased. This effect leads to an improvement in wear resistance and hardness at high temperatures.
침탄질화 열처리, 미세 탄화물, 고온 내마모성, 열처리Carburizing and Nitriding Heat Treatment, Fine Carbide, High Temperature Wear Resistance, Heat Treatment
Description
도 1은 비교재 및 발명재의 고온 마모시험 결과를 나타내는 그래프1 is a graph showing the high temperature wear test results of the comparative material and the invention material
도 2는 비교재 및 발명재의 온도별 경도시험 결과를 나타내는 그래프Figure 2 is a graph showing the hardness test results for each temperature of the comparative material and the invention material
도 3은 비교재 및 발명재의 미세탄화물 개수를 비교한 그래프
3 is a graph comparing the number of fine carbides of the comparative material and the invention material
본 발명은 고온에서 사용되는 베어링강의 열처리 방법에 관한 것으로, 보다 상세하게는 침탄질화, 2차 담금질 및 템퍼링 온도의 제어를 통하여 석출물을 다량으로 석출시킴으로써, 고온에서 내마모성 및 경도를 향상시킨 베어링강의 열처리 방법에 관한 것이다.
The present invention relates to a heat treatment method of a bearing steel used at high temperatures, and more particularly, to a large amount of precipitates by controlling carburizing nitriding, secondary quenching, and tempering temperature, thereby improving the wear resistance and hardness at high temperatures. It is about a method.
침탄 부품은 대부분 0.2중량% 전후의 탄소에 Mn, Cr, Ni, Mo 등 합금원소를 약간 함유한 저탄소 저합금강을 침탄열처리하여 표면에 높은 경도(Hv 650~730)를 유지하 고 중심부 일수록 경도를 낮게 하여 파단에 대한 인성을 높여 사용하여 왔다. 그러나, 이러한 부품들은 고온에서 사용할 경우에는 소재가 연화가 되어 경도가 저하되어 마모가 빨라져 조기 파손이 발생되는 경우가 빈번히 발생되고 있다. 일반적으로 사용되는 침탄부품의 피로수명은 잔류 오스테나이트가 응력집중을 줄이는 효과를 가지기 때문에 잔류 오스테나이트를 증가시킴으로써 증가된다.Carburized parts are usually carburized by low carbon low alloy steel containing some alloying elements such as Mn, Cr, Ni, and Mo in carbon around 0.2% by weight to maintain high hardness (Hv 650 ~ 730) on the surface. It has been used to increase the toughness to fracture. However, when these parts are used at high temperatures, the softening of the material causes the hardness to decrease, leading to rapid wear and tear, which frequently occurs. In general, the fatigue life of carburizing parts used is increased by increasing the residual austenite because the residual austenite has the effect of reducing the stress concentration.
이를 실현하기 위해 베어링의 담금질 전 침탄 또는 침탄질화 등을 통해 마르텐사이트 변태온도를 크게 강하시는 탄소(C)나 질소(N)를 표면부에 증가시키는 것이다.?종래 침탄강을 사용한 자동차, 산업기계용 침탄 베어링들도 근래에는 많은 경우 이물 저항성 향상을 위해 열처리 공정을 개발하여 잔류 오스테나이트 양을 종래 수준(15~20부피%)보다 높여 제조하고 있다. 그러나, 이와 같은 베어링은 고온에서 연화되어 피로수명이 감소되는 문제점이 있다.To realize this, carbon (C) or nitrogen (N), which greatly decreases the martensite transformation temperature through carburizing or carburizing and nitriding before quenching of bearings, is increased on the surface. In many cases, carburized bearings have been developed to increase the amount of retained austenite above the conventional level (15-20% by volume) by developing a heat treatment process to improve foreign material resistance. However, such a bearing is softened at a high temperature, there is a problem that the fatigue life is reduced.
한편, 베어링의 궤도 표면에 잔류 오스테나이트 양이 증가되면 이물저항성은 향상되지만 고온에서 마르텐사이트로 분해되어 피로수명이 감소되는 문제점이 있다.
On the other hand, when the amount of retained austenite on the raceway surface of the bearing is increased, foreign matter resistance is improved, but there is a problem in that the fatigue life is reduced by decomposing into martensite at a high temperature.
본 발명은 상기한 종래기술의 문제점을 해결하기 위한 것으로, 침탄질화, 2차 담금질 및 템퍼링 온도의 제어를 통하여 석출물을 다량으로 석출시킴으로써, 베어링강의 고온에서의 내마모성 및 경도를 향상시키는데, 그 목적이 있다.
The present invention is to solve the above problems of the prior art, by depositing a large amount of precipitate through the control of carburizing nitriding, secondary quenching and tempering temperature, to improve the wear resistance and hardness at high temperature of the bearing steel, have.
상기한 목적을 달성하기 위한 본 발명은 침탄질화열처리한 다음 담금질하고, 2차 담금질한 후, 템퍼링하는 것을 포함하여 이루어지는 베어링강의 제조방법에 있어서, 상기 2차 담금질 열처리 온도를 830~860℃로 하고, 2차 담금질 열처리 분위기를 탄소 포텐셜: 0.9~1.1% 및 NH3 가스: 2~5부피%로 하며, 상기 템퍼링 온도를 160~180℃로 하는 것을 포함하여 이루어진다.In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a bearing steel, comprising: quenching and nitriding heat treatment, and then quenching and tempering, followed by tempering, wherein the secondary quenching heat treatment temperature is 830 to 860 ° C. The second quenching heat treatment atmosphere is carbon potential: 0.9 to 1.1% and NH 3 gas: 2 to 5% by volume, and the tempering temperature is made to include 160 to 180 ℃.
이하, 본 발명에 대하여 상세하게 설명한다.EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, this invention is demonstrated in detail.
본 발명은 열처리시 2차 담금질 열처리 온도 및 로 분위기를 변경하여 각각 탄화물을 다량으로 생성시켜 미세 탄화물 생성에 의해 경도를 상승시키고, 또한 최종 열처리시 템퍼링 온도를 변경하여 기지 조직인 템퍼드 마르텐사이트를 강하게 하여 경도를 상승시킨다. 또한, 이러한 효과에 의해 탄화물들이 고온에서 안정화됨으로써 고온 경도 및 내마모성도 동시에 향상시키는 것이 가능하다.
The present invention changes the secondary quenching heat treatment temperature and furnace atmosphere during heat treatment to produce a large amount of carbide, respectively, to increase the hardness by the formation of fine carbides, and also to change the tempering temperature during the final heat treatment to strongly strengthen the tempered martensite as a known structure. To increase the hardness. In addition, the carbides are stabilized at a high temperature by this effect, so that it is possible to simultaneously improve the high temperature hardness and wear resistance.
하기 표 1은 기존 열처리 방법과 본 발명에 도입된 열처리 방법을 비교한 것으로, 본 발명의 경우 2차 담금질시 가열 온도를 기존의 860~880℃에서 830~860℃로 변경하였다. 상기 2차 담금질은 석출물 양을 조정하여 경도를 상승시키기 위한 것이다. 여기서 가열온도를 860℃로 상한을 둔 것은 860℃를 초과하면 탄화물들이 고용되어 석출물이 작아져 경도 증가의 효과가 없기 때문이며, 830℃ 미만이면 온도저하에 따라 석출되는 양이 적기 때문이다. 또한, 2차 담금질시 로의 분위기를 종래의 탄 소 포텐셜 0.6~1.0%에서 탄소 포텐셜 0.9~1.1% 및 NH3 가스 2-5부피%로 변화시켜 소재의 표면에 잔류 오스테나이트 양을 높이고 탄화물을 다량 석출시켜 경도도 높여준다.
Table 1 is a comparison of the heat treatment method introduced in the present invention and the existing heat treatment method, in the case of the present invention was changed the heating temperature during the second quenching from the existing 860 ~ 880 ℃ to 830 ~ 860 ℃. The secondary quenching is to increase the hardness by adjusting the amount of precipitates. The upper limit of the heating temperature is 860 ° C. because the carbides are dissolved when the temperature exceeds 860 ° C. so that the precipitate becomes small, and thus the hardness is not increased. If the temperature is lower than 830 ° C., the amount of precipitation is low. In addition, the atmosphere of the furnace during the second quenching is changed from the conventional carbon potential of 0.6 to 1.0% to the carbon potential of 0.9 to 1.1% and NH 3 gas 2-5% by volume to increase the amount of retained austenite on the surface of the material and a large amount of carbide. Precipitation also increases hardness.
여기서 2차 담금질 열처리 분위기의 탄소 포텐셜이 0.9% 미만이 되면 표면에 탄소량이 작아져 경도가 낮아지며, 1.1%를 초과하면 Cr과 결합하여 대형 탄화물이 발생하여 조기파손의 염려가 있다. 따라서, 상기 2차 담금질 열처리 분위기의 탄소 포텐셜은 0.9~1.1%로 제한하는 것이 바람직하다. 또한, 2차 담금질 열처리 분위기의 NH3 가스가 2부피% 미만이면 생성되는 잔류 오스테나이트 양이 적어 피로수명의 향상에 득을 주지 못하며, 5부피%를 초과하면 표면에 생성되는 잔류 오스테나이트 양이 너무 많아 경도가 저하되어 내마모성이 저하되므로, 상기 2차 담금질 열처리 분 위기의 NH3 가스는 2~5부피%로 제한하는 것이 바람직하다.If the carbon potential of the secondary quenching heat treatment atmosphere is less than 0.9%, the carbon content on the surface decreases and the hardness decreases. If the carbon potential exceeds 1.1%, large carbides are formed by combining with Cr, which may cause premature failure. Therefore, the carbon potential of the secondary quenching heat treatment atmosphere is preferably limited to 0.9 to 1.1%. In addition, if the NH 3 gas in the secondary quenching heat treatment atmosphere is less than 2% by volume, the amount of residual austenite produced is small, which does not provide an improvement in the fatigue life. When it exceeds 5% by volume, the amount of residual austenite formed on the surface is increased. because so much is the hardness is lowered wear resistance is reduced, the secondary hardening heat treatment min NH 3 gas of crisis is preferably limited to 2 to 5% by volume.
또한, 템퍼링 열처리시 기존의 180~220℃에서 160~180℃로 변경하였다. 여기서 가열온도를 180℃로 상한을 둔 것은 180℃를 초과하면 기지조직인 템퍼드 마르텐사이트가 연화되어 강도저하가 발생되며, 160℃ 미만이면 조직이 너무 강화되어 인성이 감소하므로, 상기 템퍼링 온도는 160~180℃로 제한하는 것이 바람직하다.In addition, the tempering heat treatment was changed from the existing 180 ~ 220 ℃ to 160 ~ 180 ℃. Here, the upper limit of the heating temperature is 180 ° C., when the temperature exceeds 180 ° C., the tempered martensite, which is a matrix structure, is softened, causing a decrease in strength. It is preferable to limit to ˜180 ° C.
이하, 실시예를 통하여 본 발명을 보다 상세하게 설명한다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples.
[실시예]EXAMPLE
본 발명에 사용된 소재의 성분은 하기 표 2와 같다.The components of the material used in the present invention are shown in Table 2 below.
하기 표 2와 같이 조성되는 강재를 침탄질화 열처리하고, 탄소 포텐셜 0.9~1.1%, NH3 가스 2~5부피%인 분위기로 830~860℃에서 2차 담금질한 후, 160~180℃로 템퍼링하였다.Carburizing and nitriding heat treatment of the steel composition as shown in Table 2, secondary quenching at 830 ~ 860 ℃ in the atmosphere of carbon potential 0.9 ~ 1.1%, NH 3 gas 2 ~ 5% by volume, and then tempered at 160 ~ 180 ℃. .
상기와 같이 제조된 발명재와 비교재(기존의 침탄강)를 고온인 80℃에서 마모시험하였으며, 그 결과는 도 1과 같다.The invention material and the comparative material (the existing carburized steel) prepared as described above were subjected to abrasion test at a high temperature of 80 ℃, the results are as shown in FIG.
또한, 발명재와 비교재(기존의 침탄강)을 템퍼링 온도에 따라 표면경도를 측정하였으며, 그 결과는 도 2와 같다.
In addition, the surface hardness of the invention material and the comparative material (the existing carburized steel) was measured according to the tempering temperature, and the results are shown in FIG. 2.
도 1은 비교재(기존의 침탄강)과 발명재를 고온인 80℃에서 마모시험한 결과로, 발명재는 비교재에 비해 향상된 내마모성을 나타내었다.1 is a result of the wear test of the comparative material (conventional carburized steel) and the invention material at a high temperature of 80 ℃, the invention material showed improved wear resistance compared to the comparative material.
도 2는 비교재(기존의 침탄강) 및 발명재의 템퍼링 온도에 따른 표면경도를 측정한 것으로, 발명재는 뜨임저항성, 즉 내열강성이 비교재에 비해 우수함을 알 수 있다.2 is a measurement of the surface hardness according to the tempering temperature of the comparative material (existing carburized steel) and the invention material, it can be seen that the invention material is superior to the comparative material, the temper resistance, that is, the heat resistance.
도 3은 비교재와 발명재의 탄질화물 크기와 개수를 비교한 것으로, 발명재의 경우 비교재에 비해 미세 탄화물들이 다량으로 석출되어 있음을 알 수 있다.
3 is a comparison of the carbon nitride size and number of the comparative material and the invention, it can be seen that the fine carbide is precipitated in a large amount compared to the comparative material.
상술한 바와 같이, 본 발명은 침탄질화, 2차 담금질 및 템퍼링 온도의 변화를 통하여 석출물을 다량으로 석출시켜 소재의 표면 경도를 향상시킴으로써, 표면경도를 1차적으로 증가시키고 뜨임시 온도를 변경하여 기지조직을 강화시킴으로써 2차적으로 표면 경도를 증가시킬 수 있다. 상기 효과는 고온에서 내마모성 및 경도의 향상을 가져온다.As described above, the present invention improves the surface hardness of the material by depositing a large amount of precipitates through carburizing, nitriding, secondary quenching, and tempering temperature, thereby increasing the surface hardness primarily and changing the temperature upon tempering. By strengthening the tissue, the surface hardness can be increased secondarily. This effect leads to an improvement in wear resistance and hardness at high temperatures.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104975147A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-10-14 | 安徽索特汽车零部件有限公司 | Heat treatment technology of automobile outer joint bell-shaped shell |
| CN106435127A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-02-22 | 江苏大学 | Cryogenic treatment method of improving abrasive resistance of CrWMn alloy steel |
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| CN103924248A (en) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-07-16 | 鑫光热处理工业(昆山)有限公司 | Carbonitriding quenching process for car seat adjuster component |
| KR101938469B1 (en) * | 2017-03-16 | 2019-04-10 | 배진범 | Armor plate applied by nano-dispersion reinforcement treatment and the manufacturing method of the same |
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| KR940009359A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-20 | 박용식 | Heat treatment method of bearing steel |
| JPH07173602A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1995-07-11 | Skf Ind Trading Dev Co Bv | Method of carbonitriding steel, and rolling bearing made of this steel |
| KR20010010711A (en) * | 1999-07-22 | 2001-02-15 | 헬무트 슈타이어 | heat treatment method for surface hardening for steel of bearing |
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| KR940009359A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-20 | 박용식 | Heat treatment method of bearing steel |
| KR950003050B1 (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1995-03-30 | 한국종합기계 주식회사 | Method of bearing heat treatment |
| JPH07173602A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1995-07-11 | Skf Ind Trading Dev Co Bv | Method of carbonitriding steel, and rolling bearing made of this steel |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104975147A (en) * | 2015-07-06 | 2015-10-14 | 安徽索特汽车零部件有限公司 | Heat treatment technology of automobile outer joint bell-shaped shell |
| CN106435127A (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2017-02-22 | 江苏大学 | Cryogenic treatment method of improving abrasive resistance of CrWMn alloy steel |
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