KR100888310B1 - Catalyst for scr - Google Patents
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- KR100888310B1 KR100888310B1 KR1020070131220A KR20070131220A KR100888310B1 KR 100888310 B1 KR100888310 B1 KR 100888310B1 KR 1020070131220 A KR1020070131220 A KR 1020070131220A KR 20070131220 A KR20070131220 A KR 20070131220A KR 100888310 B1 KR100888310 B1 KR 100888310B1
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- turbocharger
- scr
- catalyst
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- diesel fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
- F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
- F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 선택적 촉매 환원장치용 연료분해촉매에 관한 것이다. 보다 상세하게는 터보차저의 후방에 연료분해촉매가 아닌 연료분해촉매부가 설치되어지도록 함으로써, 선택적 촉매 환원장치로 유입되는 탄화수소의 양을 급격하게 줄어들도록 함과 동시에 변환된 환원제중 수소에 의하여 효과적인 질소의 정화율을 얻을 수 있도록 하고, 아울러 이를 통해 우레아 분사량을 줄어들도록 함에 따라 그에 따른 우레아 탱크의 용량도 줄어들도록 하여 공간활용을 높일 수 있도록 한 것이다.The present invention relates to a fuel cracking catalyst for a selective catalytic reduction device. More specifically, by providing a fuel decomposition catalyst rather than a fuel decomposition catalyst in the rear of the turbocharger, the amount of hydrocarbons flowing into the selective catalytic reduction apparatus is drastically reduced and at the same time effective nitrogen is reduced by the hydrogen in the converted reducing agent. It is possible to obtain a purification rate of, and to reduce the amount of urea injection through this to reduce the capacity of the urea tank accordingly to increase the space utilization.
일반적으로 자동차는 사용되는 연료는 그 종류에 따라 가솔린 차량, 디젤 차량, LPG 차량으로 구분되어지고, 이중 디젤 차량은 고연비를 가지며 고출력 및 고부하 운전이 가능하고 유류비가 저렴하여 그 수요가 계속 증가하고 있는 실정이다.In general, automobiles are divided into gasoline, diesel, and LPG vehicles according to their types. Among them, diesel vehicles have high fuel efficiency, high power and high load operation, and low fuel costs. It is true.
그러나 이러한 디젤 차량의 배기가스에는 일산화탄소, 질소산화물 및 입자상 물질과 같은 오염물질이 가솔린 차량에 비해 많이 포함되어 있으므로 이러한 오염물질을 처리하여 배기가스를 정화하는 매연 여과장치들이 다양하게 개발되고 있다.However, since the exhaust gas of the diesel vehicle contains more pollutants such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matters than gasoline vehicles, soot filtration devices for treating such pollutants to purify the exhaust gas have been developed in various ways.
이러한 매연 여과장치에는 배기가스 중 포함된 탄화수소와 일산화탄소의 성분을 각각 촉매에 의한 산화반응으로 물과 이산화탄소로 변환시켜 주는 DOC(Diesel Oxidation Catalyst: 디젤산화촉매)와, 배기가스 중 포함된 입자상 물질을 포집하였다가 배기가스의 열에 의해 연소시켜 주는 CPF(Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter: 디젤 입자상물질 제거용 필터)와, 배기가스 중에 포함된 질소산화물을 촉매를 이용하여 질소 및 산소로 환원시켜 주는 SCR 장치(Selective Catalytic Reduction: 선택적 촉매 환원장치) 등이 제안되어지고 있다.The particulate filter includes a DOC (Diesel Oxidation Catalyst) which converts hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide components in exhaust gas into water and carbon dioxide by an oxidation reaction by a catalyst, and particulate matter contained in exhaust gas. CPF (Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter) that collects and burns by heat of exhaust gas, and SCR device that reduces nitrogen oxide contained in exhaust gas to nitrogen and oxygen by using catalyst (Selective Catalytic Reduction has been proposed.
이들 매연 여과장치는 각각 차량에 장착될 수 있으나, 최근에는 배기가스의 입자상 물질 및 질소산화물을 모두 처리할 수 있도록 상기한 3가지의 매연 여과장치가 동시에 차량에 장착되고 있는 추세이다.Each of these soot filtration devices may be mounted on a vehicle, but recently, the three soot filtration devices are being mounted on a vehicle at the same time so as to process both particulate matter and nitrogen oxides of exhaust gas.
도1은 종래 기술에 따른 선택적 촉진 환원장치의 촉매에 의한 질소산화물의 정화율을 도시한 그래프이다.1 is a graph showing the purification rate of nitrogen oxides by the catalyst of the selective accelerated reduction apparatus according to the prior art.
배기가스 중에 포함된 질소산화물을 촉매를 이용하여 질소 및 산소로 환원시켜 주는 SCR 장치를 사용하는 과정에서 엔진이 불완전 연소 할 경우 탄화수소(hydrocarbon)의 슬립(slip)이 발생하게 된다. 이때의 연료는 탄화수소로 긴 탄소결합(16개 이상)으로 이루어저 있으며, 이런 물질이 SCR 장치로 직접 유입 될 경우 SCR 장치에 암모니아(NH3)와 탄화수소(Hydrocarbon)가 같이 공존 하게 된다.When the engine is incompletely burned in the process of using an SCR device that reduces nitrogen oxide contained in exhaust gas to nitrogen and oxygen by using a catalyst, a slip of hydrocarbon occurs. At this time, the fuel is composed of long carbon bonds (more than 16) as hydrocarbons, and when these substances are directly introduced into the SCR device, ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrocarbon (Hydrocarbon) coexist in the SCR device.
이는 도1에 도시된 바와 같이, 암모니아와 탄화수소가 같이 있을때 SCR 장치 내에서의 질소산화물(NOx) 정화율은 순수한 암모니아 보다 떨어지게 됨에 따라 질소산화물이 증가되어지게 되는 문제점이 있었다.As shown in FIG. 1, when the ammonia and the hydrocarbon are present together, the nitrogen oxide (NOx) purification rate in the SCR apparatus is lowered than that of pure ammonia, thereby increasing the nitrogen oxide.
따라서 본 발명은 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 발명한 것으로서, 터보차저의 후방에 연료분해촉매가 아닌 연료분해촉매부가 설치되어지도록 함으로써, 선택적 촉매 환원장치로 유입되는 탄화수소의 양을 급격하게 줄어들도록 함과 동시에 변환된 환원제중 수소에 의하여 효과적인 질소의 정화율을 얻을 수 있도록 하고, 아울러 이를 통해 우레아 분사량을 줄어들도록 함에 따라 그에 따른 우레아 탱크의 용량도 줄어들도록 하여 공간활용을 높일 수 있는 선택적 촉매 환원장치용 연료분해촉매를 제공하는데 그 목적이 있다.Therefore, the present invention has been invented to solve such a problem, so that the fuel decomposition catalyst portion rather than the fuel decomposition catalyst is installed in the rear of the turbocharger, so as to drastically reduce the amount of hydrocarbons flowing into the selective catalytic reduction device. At the same time, it is possible to obtain an effective nitrogen purification rate by hydrogen in the converted reducing agent, and to reduce the amount of urea injection, thereby reducing the capacity of the urea tank, thereby increasing the space utilization. The purpose is to provide a fuel decomposition catalyst.
본 발명은, 터보차저(200)의 출구측과 배기가스후처리부(300) 사이의 내부에 활성금속부(410)와 베이스메탈옥사이드부(420)로 구성되어지도록 설치된 연료분해 촉매부(400); 상기 터보차저(200)로부터 배출되는 하이드로카본이 스팀리포밍과 파티얼옥사이디션 및 터미널크랙킹을 통해 환원제로 변환되어지도록 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 선택적 촉매 환원장치용 연료분해촉매를 제공한다.The present invention is a fuel
본 발명에 의하면, 터보차저의 후방에 연료분해촉매가 아닌 연료분해촉매부가 설치되어지도록 함으로써, 선택적 촉매 환원장치로 유입되는 탄화수소의 양을 급격하게 줄어들도록 함과 동시에 변환된 환원제중 수소에 의하여 효과적인 질소의 정화율을 얻을 수 있도록 하고, 아울러 이를 통해 우레아 분사량을 줄어들도록 함에 따라 그에 따른 우레아 탱크의 용량도 줄어들도록 하여 공간활용을 높일 수 있는 효과가 있다.According to the present invention, by providing a fuel decomposition catalyst rather than a fuel decomposition catalyst in the rear of the turbocharger, the amount of hydrocarbons flowing into the selective catalytic reduction device is drastically reduced and at the same time effective by hydrogen in the converted reducing agent. It is possible to obtain the purification rate of nitrogen, and through this to reduce the amount of urea injection, thereby reducing the capacity of the urea tank accordingly has the effect of increasing the space utilization.
본 발명은, 터보차저(200)의 출구측과 배기가스후처리부(300) 사이의 내부에 활성금속부(410)와 베이스메탈옥사이드부(420)로 구성되어지도록 설치된 연료분해 촉매부(400); 상기 터보차저(200)로부터 배출되는 하이드로카본이 스팀리포밍과 파티얼옥사이디션 및 터미널크랙킹을 통해 환원제로 변환되어지도록 구성됨을 특징으로 하는 선택적 촉매 환원장치용 연료분해촉매를 제공한다.The present invention is a fuel
이때, 상기 활성금속부(410)는 Pt(백금), Pd(달라듐), Rh(로듐), Ru(로테늄), Sn(주석)으로 구성되어지고, 상기 베이스메탈옥사이드부(420)는 알루미나, 지로코니아, 세리아, 지올라이드로 구성되어지는 것이 바람직하다.In this case, the
이하, 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 첨부된 도면들을 참조하여 상세히 설명한다. 도2는 본 발명에 따른 연료분해촉매를 갖는 선택적 촉매 환원장치를 도시한 구성도이다.Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. 2 is a block diagram showing a selective catalytic reduction apparatus having a fuel decomposition catalyst according to the present invention.
도2에 도시된 바와 같이, 본 발명이 따른 DFC(Diesel Fule Cracking: 연료분해촉매)부(400)는 엔진(100)에 설치된 터보차저(200)의 출구축과 배기가스 후처리 부(300) 사이에 설치되어 터보차저(200)로 배출되어지는 하이드로카본이 스팀 리포밍(Steam Reforming), 파티얼 옥사이디션(Partial Oxidation) 및 터멀크래킹(Thermal Cracking) 과정을 통해 다수의 고반응성 환원제로 변환되어지도록 구성되어 있다. 또한, 배기가스 후처리부(300)이 후방에는 SCR부(500)가 설치되어지고, 상기 SCR부(500)의 앞쪽에 우레아노즐(510)이 결합되어지도록 구성되어 있다.As shown in FIG. 2, the diesel fuel cracking (DFC)
한편, 고반응성 환원제의 변환과정 중 스림 리포밍 변환은Meanwhile, the slim reforming conversion during the conversion of the highly reactive reducing agent
C16H34 + 16H2O ↔ 16CO + 33H2 △H[298K] = 2349 KJ/molC 16 H 34 + 16H 2 O ↔ 16CO + 33H 2 △ H [298K] = 2349 KJ / mol
피티얼 옥사이디션 변환은 The physical oxidation transformation
C16H34 + 0.5O2 → 8C2H4 + H2O △H[298K] = 426 KJ/molC 16 H 34 + 0.5 O 2 → 8 C 2 H 4 + H 2 O ΔH [298 K] = 426 KJ / mol
C16H34 + 8O2 ↔ 16CO + 17H2 △H[298K] = -1519 KJ/mol 및 C 16 H 34 + 8O2 ↔ 16CO + 17H 2 ΔH [298K] = -1519 KJ / mol and
터멀 크랙킹 변환은 The thermal cracking transformation
C16H34 → 2n-C8H17 → n-C6H13 → n-C4H9 → C2H5 → C2H4C 16 H 34 → 2n-C8H17 → n-C6H13 → n-C4H9 → C2H5 → C2H4
C16H34 → 8C2H4 + H2 △H[298K] = 668.6 KJ/mol 통하여 하이드로카본이 다수의 고반응성 환원제로 변환되어진다.Hydrocarbons are converted to a number of highly reactive reducing agents via C 16 H 34 → 8C 2 H 4 + H 2 ΔH [298K] = 668.6 KJ / mol.
상기 연료분해촉매부(400)는 활성금속부(410)와 베이스메탈옥사이드부(420)로 구성되어지고, 상기 활성금속부(410)는 백금(Pt), 팔라듐(Pd), 로듐(Rh), 로테 늄(Ru) 및 주석(Sn)으로 구성되어지고, 상기 베이스메탈옥사이드부(420)는 알루미나, 지로코니아, 세리아, 지올라이드로 구성되어진다.The fuel
도3은 본 발명에 따른 연료분해촉매에 의한 수소의 수율을 도시한 그래프이고, 도4는 본 발명에 따른 연료분해촉매에 의한 수소 및 일산화탄소의 증가율을 도시한 그래프이다.Figure 3 is a graph showing the yield of hydrogen by the fuel decomposition catalyst according to the present invention, Figure 4 is a graph showing the increase rate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by the fuel decomposition catalyst according to the present invention.
도3 및 도4의 그래프에서 연료분해 촉매부(400)는 SCR부(500)로 유입되는 탄화수소의 양을 줄여 NOx 정화율을 높일 수 있게 된다. 또한, 연료분해촉매부(400)로 인해 변환된 환원제중 H2 는 SCR부(500)의 내에서 효과적인 NOx 정화 효율을 갖는다.(2H2+2NO → N2+2H2O, 4H2+2NO2→N2+4H2O)In the graphs of FIGS. 3 and 4, the fuel cracking
따라서, 결과적으로 생성된 H2는 NH3의 α-ratio를 감소시킴에 따라 우레아노즐(510)으로부터 분사량을 줄일 수 있게 되고, 이를 통해 우레아탱크의 용량도 상대적으로 적게 가저갈 수 있어 L/OUT 측면에서 유리하다.Therefore, the resultant H 2 can reduce the injection amount from the
이상, 본 발명을 바람직한 실시 예를 사용하여 상세히 설명하였으나, 본 발명의 범위는 특정 실시 예에 한정되는 것은 아니며, 첨부된 특허청구범위에 의하여 해석되어져야 할 것이다. 또한, 이 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 습득한 자라면, 본 발명의 범위에서 벗어나지 않은면서도 많은 수정과 변형이 가능함을 이해하여야 할 것이다.As mentioned above, although this invention was demonstrated in detail using the preferable embodiment, the scope of the present invention is not limited to a specific embodiment and should be interpreted by the attached Claim. In addition, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that many modifications and variations are possible without departing from the scope of the present invention.
도1은 종래 기술에 따른 선택적 촉진 환원장치의 촉매에 의한 질소산화물의 정화율을 도시한 그래프,1 is a graph showing the purification rate of nitrogen oxides by the catalyst of the selective accelerated reduction apparatus according to the prior art,
도2는 본 발명에 따른 연료분해촉매를 갖는 선택적 촉매 환원장치를 도시한 구성도,2 is a block diagram showing a selective catalytic reduction device having a fuel decomposition catalyst according to the present invention;
도3은 본 발명에 따른 연료분해촉매에 의한 수소의 수율을 도시한 그래프,Figure 3 is a graph showing the yield of hydrogen by the fuel decomposition catalyst according to the present invention,
도4는 본 발명에 따른 연료분해촉매에 의한 수소 및 일산화탄소의 증가율을 도시한 그래프이다.4 is a graph showing the increase rate of hydrogen and carbon monoxide by the fuel decomposition catalyst according to the present invention.
<도면의 주요 부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawings>
200:터보차저 300:배기가스후처리부200: turbocharger 300: exhaust gas after-treatment unit
410:활성금속부 420:베이스메탈옥사이드부410: active metal part 420: base metal oxide part
400:연료분해 촉매부400: fuel decomposition catalyst portion
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