KR100567360B1 - Casting method and a casting mould for the manufacture of metallic cast parts - Google Patents

Abstract

As a casting method for producing a metal casting part from a casting material, a liquid casting material is injected into a mold, particularly a sand mold. The casting material is solidified and cooled in the mold. Cooling of the casting material is controlled by cooling systems 3, 4, 60, 91 in the mold. Cooling systems 3, 4, 60, 91 are arranged in the mold to control the cooling of the casting material.

Description

CASTING METHOD AND A CASTING MOULD FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF METALLIC CAST PARTS

The present invention introduces a liquid casting material into a casting mould, especially a sand mould, solidifies and cools the casting material inside the mold, thereby casting a metallic casting from the casting material. A casting method for producing a cast part and a casting mold, in particular a sand mold.

In the casting process for producing metal casting parts, casting materials, for example cast iron, in particular gray cast iron alloys, are for example mold pit, sand mold or gravity die cast molds. Is introduced into the casting mold in the liquid state, and heat is transferred to the casting mold to solidify. In the process of solidification, complex chemical and physical processes proceed. In particular, the spatial and temporal solidification process of the casting material has a decisive influence on the growth of the crystal structure and further on the mechanical properties of the cast part.

Even after the solidification is completed, the cast part must be cooled until the so-called unpacking temperature is reached inside the casting mold, before being removed from the casting mold. The unpacking temperature is 300 ° C. or less for cast iron alloys. The spatial and temporal cooling of the casting material also has an important effect on the mechanical properties of the cast part, for example, the internal stress of the cast part. However, since the casting mold is gradually heated by the casting material, the cooling rate of the casting material decreases as the residence time increases in the mold, for example, 1 ° C. or less per hour before the unpacking temperature is reached. To the value of. Therefore, the cooling time of the casting material is longer compared with the time required for solidification. Large cast parts, for example, motor housings in large diesel engines, often require several weeks of cooling time. Due to location constraints, only a limited number of mold feet can be installed in the foundry, which can produce such a large volume of casting parts, so the long time required for cooling considerably limits the feasible production capacity. Not desirable in

Another drawback of the conventional casting method is that the solidification process, particularly the solidification time, of the casting material is not ideal from a metallurgical standpoint, especially in bulky cast parts, resulting in the growth of crystal structures that do not have the desired properties. For this reason, it is necessary to change the crystal structure of the part by removing the casting part from the casting mold and then performing time-consuming and expensive heat treatment such as conversion annealing or normalization on the cast part. There is.

In addition, in the conventional casting method, there is a disadvantage that the internal stress, particularly tensile stress, which is a considerable problem by the cooling process of the cast part, often occurs inside the cast part. This problem is especially pronounced in casting parts with complex structures, for example engine housings for large diesel engines. This engine housing (see FIG. 1 for example) has a number of cutouts, different sizes of inner cavities and bulkheads with very different wall thicknesses. Particularly in this kind of complicated cast parts, the internal stresses can easily change or crack the dimensions, which is very time-consuming and expensive to secure some quality of the cast parts. It is essential to reduce the stress by heat treatment, for example annealing.

From this prior art, it is an object of the present invention to provide a casting method and a casting mold for producing a metal casting part, which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages. Casting methods and casting molds should be the most economical manufacture of metal casting parts. Especially in large volume cast parts, especially cooling time should be significantly reduced. In addition, by using the casting method and / or casting mold of the present invention, it is necessary to be able to manufacture a cast part of a complicated structure such as an engine housing for a large diesel engine without degrading the quality thereof without subsequently performing sophisticated heat treatment. .

The subject matter of the present invention for satisfying the above object in terms of methods and apparatus features the features of each independent claim. In the casting method according to the present invention, in casting a casting material in a liquid state into a casting mold, particularly a sand mold, and solidifying and cooling the casting material in the casting mold to produce a metal casting part, the cooling of the casting material is performed in the casting mold. It is characterized by being controlled by a cooling system inside. By controlling the cooling of the material, it is possible to actively and deliberately control the spatial and temporal progression of the solidification and / or cooling of the material. Thereby, the cooling time required for the casting material to reach the unpacking temperature can be significantly shortened. Thus, for example, a mold pit having a casting mold therein for a new casting process can be more rapidly spread, and thus the production capacity can be greatly improved without changing the place conditions.

Preferably, inside the casting mold, heat is removed in a controlled manner, ie by controlled cooling, from at least one predetermined region of the casting material. In this way, for example, the solidification of the casting material can be controlled by the planned removal of heat. Through this means, it becomes possible to solidify at least one space region of the casting material very quickly. This is advantageous in that it is possible to exert a local effect on the growth of the crystal structure of the casting material to be solidified. Therefore, through the directed controlled rapid solidification, for example, without performing post-treatment by heat such as conversion annealing or transformation annealing, the casting material is preliminary. It is possible to obtain high hardness in the determined area.

Further, in the casting method according to the present invention, it is preferable to control the removal of heat from a plurality of predetermined regions of the casting material in the casting mold by controlled cooling, and the amount of heat removed from different specific regions, respectively. It is possible to control substantially independently of each other in the area of. This approach has the advantage that it is possible to actively control the spatial progression of solidification and / or cooling. In this way, the mechanical properties of the cast part can be influenced from the stage of manufacture.

The removal of heat is effectively carried out using a fluid, particularly preferably air. Air is an easy to handle, economical and safe refrigerant.

According to one preferred method, the local temperature is continuously measured by means of temperature sensors arranged at different points of the casting material, and the temperature profile obtained therefrom is used for the control of the cooling process. In this way, the spatial temperature profile of the material is continuously monitored and can be actively affected by controlled cooling.

In particular, during the cooling of the casting material, it is preferable that the temperature gradient in the casting material is minimized. As a result, even in a cast part having a complicated structure such as a housing of a large diesel engine, the tensile stress is greatly reduced, and it is possible to omit the heat treatment, such as annealing performed to reduce the stress, while maintaining the quality. It is also possible to generate compressive stresses inside the cast part.

A casting mold, in particular a sand mold, according to the invention for solidifying and cooling the casting material in a casting mold to produce a metal casting part is characterized by having a cooling system for controlled cooling of the casting material. As such, the casting mold according to the invention is suitable for carrying out the casting method according to the invention.

Preferably, the cooling system comprises at least one tube system, for fluid heat carriers, in particular air, from the casting material in a controlled manner in at least one predetermined spatial region through the tube system. That is, by controlled cooling, heat can be removed. Such structurally simple means can affect the spatial and temporal processes of solidification and / or cooling of the casting material.

Direct contact between the casting material and the tube system is preferably avoided, for example the tube system can be arranged to extend within or between the sand cores of the sand mold. In a preferred variant, the cooling system further comprises a heat transfer medium to thermally couple the tube system to the casting material. In the simplest embodiment, the heat exchange medium may be sand or sand cores. However, in order to make the thermal contact better, the heat exchange medium may comprise a better heat conductor, such as, for example, graphite. For example, the tube system may extend partially on or within the graphite plate surface in direct contact with the casting material and the body.

The cooling system preferably comprises at least two tube systems of fluid state thermal medium, in particular air, through which it is possible to control the removal of heat from the plurality of predetermined regions of the casting material by the control system, At this time, it is also possible to adjust the amount of heat removed substantially independently of each other by different tube systems. Through these means, it is possible in particular to actively influence the solidification and / or cooling process of the casting material. In this way, depending on the cast part, that is to say according to its desired properties, the most preferred process can be realized respectively for the solidification and / or cooling of the casting material from a metallurgical standpoint.

Particularly preferably, a control system is provided to minimize the temperature gradient in the casting material which controls the amount of heat removed. This can significantly reduce the tensile stress in the cast part, or generate compressive stress, for example to reduce or eliminate stress, such as annealing, ie stress-free annealing. There is no need for subsequent heat treatment.

The casting process according to the invention and the casting mold according to the invention are particularly economical because they do not require time and costly heat treatment.

Other preferred means and embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

The invention is then described in detail with respect to both methodological aspects and apparatus with reference to the drawings and exemplary embodiments.

In the casting method according to the invention for producing metal casting parts and the casting mold according to the invention, in particular, the casting material is cooled in a controlled manner by a cooling system inside the casting mold, and a cooling system is provided for the controlled cooling of the casting material. It is characterized by. The term " controlled cooling " does not passively solidify or cool the casting material, but actively removes heat from at least one of the casting mold and the casting material, for example, by a control system, and furthermore, It means that the amount of heat to be controlled is also controlled.

In the exemplary embodiment described below, as casting material, for example, cast iron, in particular gray cast iron alloy is used.

The first embodiment of the present invention relates to the manufacture of an engine housing for a large diesel engine, for example, used in the construction of a ship. This type of engine housing, which is usually a very complex structure with numerous cavities, cutouts and multiple bulkheads of different thicknesses, is cast in a sand mold patterned according to the desired shape of the cast part to be manufactured where necessary. It is common to do further processing.

1 is a partial schematic view of an engine housing 1 inside a mold pit 2 designed as a versatile fixed mold. The engine housing 1 comprises a crankcase space 11 and a cylinder space 12 in which two cylinders 122 are shown. The engine housing 1 generally comprises a plurality of, for example, ten or twelve cylinders 122 arranged in pairs. The engine housing 1 shown in FIG. 1 is not essential to understanding the present invention and is well known, and will not be described in more detail here.

In manufacturing the engine housing 1, the shape of the engine housing 1 is first formed from a sand core made of a plurality of, for example, cement sand, by a known method inside the mold pit 2. Sandcores of this kind are produced by chemical or thermal curing, for example, of other minerals such as quartz sand or sand with adhesive. In general, each sandcore designed for single use is assembled, or coupled, into a mold pit such that the cavities between them generally correspond approximately to the shape of the cast part to be manufactured for the engine housing 1. Based on FIG. 1, approximately all the cavities and cutouts of the manufactured engine housing 1 have the same shape as the space between the engine housing 1 and the base 21 and the inner wall 22 of the mold pit 2. It is filled with sandcore, suitably formed. For ease of understanding, FIG. 1 does not specifically show a sand core, but instead shows an engine housing 1 formed by the entirety of the space between and inside the sand core.

After manufacturing the sand mold in the manner described above, the liquid casting material, generally cast iron alloy, is introduced into the cavity into the cavity, and the material is solidified and cooled to complete the engine housing 1.

In the present invention, a cooling system is provided for controlled cooling of a casting material. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the cooling system comprises a plurality of tube systems, whereby the crankcase space cooler 3 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) and the base cooler 4 (see FIG. 4). ) Is formed. A fluidic thermal medium flows through the tube system to remove heat from the casting material and / or the casting mold. Air is preferably used as a heat medium because it is an easy-to-handle, safe, economical and efficient medium even in high temperature conditions in which casting materials are commonly used. Air is conveyed into the tube system, for example by a fan or blower. The amount of heat removed from the casting material can be controlled in a simple manner using valves, restrictor flaps or other metering apparatus through the air flow rate. The cooling capacity of the cooling system can thus be strengthened, for example, by increasing the flow rate of air or by increasing the pressure of the supplied air. It is practically effective to supply a bar system of compressed air to the tube system. The control of the amount of air flowing into each tube system can be performed at the exhaust portion as well as the air supply portion of the tube system. Practically, the control is preferably performed in the exhaust unit.

Two substantially independent tube systems are used in the first embodiment, the crankcase space cooler 3 and the base cooler 4. This makes it possible to control the removal of heat from different space regions of the casting material by the control system, and to independently control the amount of heat removed from different specific regions. By this local removal of heat, it is possible to control the temperature profile of the casting material. By the arrangement, shape and path of the tubes in the tube system of the casting mold, the area of space from which heat is removed from the casting material can be determined in advance. The design and layout of the tube system shown is adapted to the appearance and specific application of the cast part.

In the first embodiment, the crankcase cooler 3 removes heat locally from the casting material of the boundary region between the crankcase 11 and the cylinder space 12, i.e., due to the appearance of the cast part, heat accumulation can occur. Function, and the function of the base cooler 4 is to remove heat from the base area of the engine housing 1.

Further, for example, temperature sensors 5a, 5b and 5c, which are thermoelectric elements, are disposed in the casting material, whereby the local temperature of the casting material is continuously measured in each case at different points. In the first embodiment, the first temperature sensor 5a is disposed in the base region, the second temperature sensor 5b is disposed in the center of the boundary region between the cylinder space 12 and the crankcase 11, and the third The temperature sensor 5c is arranged in the flange region of the engine housing 1. The temperature profile of the casting material at any point can be determined from the measurements of the three temperature sensors 5a, 5b, 5c. The temperature sensors 5a, 5b, 5c transmit their measurements, for example to the control system 6, whereby the amount of air in the tube system can be controlled. The amount of air passing through each tube system is controlled by the control system 6. Such control is performed by increasing or decreasing the amount of heat deprived per specific time from a specific region of the cast part, for example, by a restrictor device (not shown). For example, when the region of the second temperature sensor 5b is overheated, this situation is detected by the increase in the temperature difference between the second temperature sensor 5b and the third temperature sensor 5c. Thus, by increasing the flow rate of air via the control system 6, the cooling power of the crankcase cooler 3 is increased, and as a result, the temperature difference between the two points becomes small.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the tube system forming the crankcase space cooler 3, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the crankcase space cooler 3 cut along the line III-III in FIG. The crankcase space cooler 3 is preferably composed of a single tube, for example, a steel pipe. The air supply portion 31 of the crankcase space cooler 3 is continuous with the curved portion 33 having an approximately S-shape. The S-shaped curved portion 33 continues to the exhaust pipe portion 32 extending in parallel with the air supply pipe portion 31 at the other end. An S-shaped curved portion 33 of the crankcase space cooler is disposed in the casting mold so as to contact a surface indicated by reference numeral 30 which forms an approximately boundary between the crankcase space 11 and the cylinder space 12. According to the shape of the surface 30, the two curved portions of the S-shaped portion 33 are inclined with each other to form a V shape as in the side view of FIG. The two curved portions of the S-shaped portion 33 are curved to follow the wall of the cylinder 122. A plurality of plates 34 having good thermal conductivity, for example graphite, are added to the S-shaped portion 33, whereby the crankcase cooler 3 is in contact with the surface 30. The heat transfer from the casting material into the crankcase cooler 3 is thus assured as uniform and best as possible. It is apparent that this kind of crankcase cooler 3 is arranged in each pair of cylinders. Each of the air supply and exhaust sections 31 and 32 extends upwardly through the crankcase 11 from the face 30 as shown in FIG. The air supply part 31 is connected to an air supply means, for example, a fan or a blower separately or via a common center line in which they are opened. Exhaust 32 is preferably derived separately from the casting mold for good control and monitoring.

4 shows a tube system forming the base cooler 4. The base cooler 4 is arranged at the base of the mold fit and includes a main line 41 extending over approximately the entire width of the engine housing 1. Four tubes 42 each having a generally U-shape and only one rim connected to the main pipe 41 branch off from the main pipe 41. As indicated by the arrows in FIG. 4, air flows through these rims into the U-shaped tubes. The other rim of each U-shaped tube 42 reaches the outlet 43 to exhaust air. For better control and monitoring, the outlet 43 is drawn separately from the casting mold. A plurality of steel plates 44 are arranged, for example, by welding between the rims of the U-shaped tubes to uniformly cool the base region of the engine housing 1. A heat exchange medium such as graphite plate 45 can be arranged to transfer heat more quickly between the casting material and the base cooler 4. The graphite plate 45 is arranged between the steel plate 44 and the casting material in or between the sand cores of the casting mold closest to the base. In addition, the supply line 7 (Fig. 1) is arranged, through which cold air is guided to the main pipe 41 level is supplied to the main pipe. The base cooler 4 tube can be made of steel, for example.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the first object is to significantly shorten the cooling time in the casting mold of the engine housing 1 so that the required production time is considerably shortened and so that subsequent annealing to lower the stress is unnecessary. It is to reduce the internal stress in the cast part.

The first object is achieved by actively removing heat from the casting material by air transferred through the tube system. For example, heat is dissipated much faster than allowing it to be passively cooled. The cooling time, i.e., the time required for the engine housing 1 to reach its unpacking temperature in the casting mold, can be reduced to 1/3 or less compared to passive cooling. This is a significant advance from an economic point of view.

From an economic point of view, it is also an advantage that the hot air exhausted from the tube system can be used for drying other casting molds, so that the energy contained in the hot air does not go unused.

A second object of the present invention can be achieved by matching the temperature profile of the area of the temperature sensor 5a, 5b to the temperature profile of the area of the temperature sensor 5c by the controlled cooling according to the present invention. This means minimizing the temperature gradient in the casting material by controlling the amount of air passing through the crankcase cooler 3 and the base cooler 4. By controlling the removal of local heat from different regions of the casting material, it is possible to cool the casting material uniformly, ie so that the internal temperature is very low. In places where heat is staggered (e.g., in the region of the temperature sensor 5b), the cooling power of the tube system (crankcase space cooler 3) is increased and local removal of heat causes the temperature sensor 5c. Close to the temperature of the zone. By this uniform cooling, the internal stress of the cast part can be greatly reduced. The temperature sensor 5b region can be strongly cooled so that lower temperatures exist locally in the temperature sensor 5c region and the temperature sensor 5a region. In this case, it is theoretically possible to generate compressive stress in the temperature sensor 5b region.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, this configuration makes it possible to control both the spatial process (temperature profile) and the temporal process (cooling rate) of cooling. This means that it is possible to optimize the spatial and temporal cooling process of the casting material based on the metallurgical point of view, depending on the geometric shape or mechanical properties of the cast part to be manufactured, thus greatly expanding the possibilities of casting technology. .

Different variations of heat transfer between the casting material 10 and the heating medium, which is preferably air and travels in one line 8 of the tube system, are schematically illustrated in FIGS.

The heat medium air is symbolically represented in each case by arrows. In the simplest case (see FIG. 5), the line 8 extends inside the sand core 9, thereby forming a transfer medium that thermally couples the tube system to the casting material. It is also possible to use a material that better conducts heat, preferably graphite 20, as the transfer medium (see FIGS. 6, 7 and 9). In the variant shown in FIG. 6, the line 8 is completely surrounded by graphite 20. This can for example realize that the line 8 is formed in the graphite body over at least part of its length. In the variant shown in FIG. 7, the graphite 20 is also located as a transfer medium between the line 8 and the casting material 10, while the line 8 is sand on its side away from the casting material 10. Adjacent to the core 9. In order to realize this modification, as shown in the cross-sectional view of FIG. 9, on the one hand, the line 8 is partially buried in the sand core 9, and the other is connected with the other graphite 20, for example, the graphite plate. It is also possible to come in contact with one another. To better transfer heat, the intermediate space between graphite 20, line 8 and sand core 9 is filled with a formable medium 22 that conducts heat well, as shown in FIG. It is preferable. Suitable here are, for example, graphite powder and / or graphite particles mixed with a resin which transfers heat well such as graphite powder, graphite particles or furan binder. In the variant shown in FIG. 8, the line 8 is surrounded by the iron body 21 and is cast in, for example, the iron body 21. Graphite 20 is also disposed between the iron body 21 and the casting material 10.

A second embodiment of the invention relates to the manufacture of large eccentric wheels for use in large presses, for example automobile presses.

The first embodiment mainly shows how the cooling process of the casting material can be controlled by the means of the present invention, while the second embodiment shows how the present invention can be preferably used to control the solidification process of the casting material. Mainly indicated.

10 shows a half of a known eccentric ring 50 with an outer serrated rim 51. For better understanding, FIG. 11 is another sectional view of the eccentric wheel 50 according to the section line XI-XI of FIG. 10. Eccentric wheels 50 of this kind are generally cast in correspondingly molded sand molds. For ease of understanding, sand molds are not shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.

Eccentric wheels 50 of this kind generally have very good mechanical properties, in particular very high hardness, in the toothed rim 51 to withstand long-term operation. Therefore, the crystal phase structure of the serrated rim 51 area should also be free of cementite deposits. These conditions necessary for the crystal phase structure cannot be realized by known casting methods, so that the crystal phase structure of the cast part is subjected to subsequent fine heat treatment (e.g., subsequent annealing to normalize and lower stress by cooling in air) after removal from the mold. In order to achieve the desired hardness, for example. A major disadvantage in the process cost is that the crystal phase structure of the entire eccentric ring 50, not just the region which should have high hardness, is converted by subsequent heat treatment.

Through controlled cooling according to the present invention, the solidification in the region that should have high hardness, that is, in the toothed rim 51 has a very fine crystal phase structure in which the toothed rim 51 has a eutectic cell and is completely pearlite type ( perlitic can be accelerated through direct removal of heat. Through controlled cooling, the desired hardness can be realized in this way in the toothed rim 51 without the rest of the eccentric wheel 50 being substantially affected.

The second embodiment of the cooling system includes a plurality of cooler plates 60 arranged along the outer circumference of the eccentric wheel 50. In order to ensure good heat transfer, a material having good thermal conductivity, for example, a graphite member 70, is arranged between each cooler plate 60 and the eccentric ring 50, and one side of the graphite member 70 Coincide with the bend of the eccentric ring.

12 is a plan view of a cooler plate 60 of this kind. The cooler plate 60 is generally shaped as a rectangular parallel tube and has a tube system implemented as a conduit 61 which is integral in this exemplary embodiment. The conduit 61 extends from the inlet 62 of cold air through the interior of the cooler plate 60 having a rectangular parallel tube shape to the outlet 63. Inside the cooler plate 60, the conduit 61 first extends parallel to the outer circumference of the cooler plate 60 and then bends towards the center of the cooler plate 60 and back again in the opposite direction to the outlet 63. Is extended. 11 and 12 indicate the flow direction of air. The cooler plate 60 may consist of, for example, a rectangular parallel tube made of solid steel, ie iron, in which the conduit 61 is cast therein.

Each cooler plate 60 (see FIG. 10) may be supplied individually, in groups or jointly through the inlet 62. By controlling the amount of air passing through the cooler plate 60 per unit time, the amount of heat removed from the cast part in the area of the toothed rim 51 can be controlled in a desired manner. Thus, the solidification of the casting material can be controlled and accelerated locally. The area of the cast part that should accelerate the solidification by intentionally controlling and removing heat can be determined in advance by placing a corresponding cooler plate 60 or similar cooling member.

Thus, the present invention enables the spatial and temporal solidification of the casting material in a controlled manner. Likewise, since the intentional and local influence on the crystal phase structure occurring during solidification can be realized, the technical casting possibility is expanded.

A third embodiment of the present invention relates to the manufacture of a cast part having a rigid, thick member, ie, a block, in which a relatively narrow bore is arranged. FIG. 13 shows a cast part section of this kind with a rigid block 80 (represented by a hatch) with relatively narrow bores 81 arranged. The cast part shown in the sectional view of FIG. 13 is also cast in a sand mold, not shown. Sand cores 90 which support the liquid casting material from the space of the casting mold in which the cast part will later have a narrow bore 81 are arranged to realize the narrow bore 81. In the conventional casting method, it is a known problem that heat drop or rise can occur considerably in this type of narrow bore 81. This often causes the sand of the sand core 90 to overheat, whereby the sand penetration temperature is exceeded and the casting material penetrates into the sand mold 90. The resulting sand mixture and cast iron have to be chiseled hard after removing the cast part from the mold, which is a time consuming task and also harms the joints of the operator.

This problem can also be solved by the controlled cooling according to the present invention. To this end, it extends into the interior of the sand mold 90 from the space region of the casting part with the narrow bore 81, through which air is intentionally removed by a tube system in which the air moves as a heat medium. In this way, the solidification and / or cooling of the casting material on the one hand is accelerated in the narrow bore 81 region and can also be controlled through the corresponding adjustment of the amount of air passing through, on the other hand the sand core 90 Heating above its penetration temperature can be effectively prevented.

In the solid block shown in FIG. The cooling tube system is implemented as a double U-shaped tube 91. Air passing through the tube 91 is indicated by an arrow. The double U-shaped tube 91 of this kind can be manufactured by first bending a straight tube to U and then bending the rounded end of the U toward the open end of the U.

Although the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein relate to sand casting methods and sand casting molds, respectively, the present invention is naturally not limited to these examples. Similarly, the gravity die casting method and the mold (metal casting molds are mostly made of cast iron) or casting parts and casting molds in which one part of the casting part is gravity die casting method and the other part is formed into sand foam are also suitable. When using a gravity die casting mold, for example, a tube system for the heat medium can be placed on the wall of the gravity die casting mold. For example, the tube system can be cast in a gravity die casting mold.

Therefore, the casting method according to the present invention and the casting mold according to the present invention each affect the spatial and temporal solidification and / or the cooling progress of the cast part in a controlled manner by control cooling. In particular, the cooling time of large cast parts can be significantly reduced. In addition, very high quality metal casting parts can be produced without the need for subsequent elaborate heat treatments, for example, annealing to lower the stresses for the reduction of internal stresses or normalization for deformation of the crystal phase structure. This is a significant time and cost saving.

The arrangement and space path of the cooling system depends on the geometry of the cast part to be manufactured or the particular application, ie the desired metallurgical effect. According to this criterion, it is possible to predetermine a specific area of the casting material which controls the removal of heat and performs it intentionally.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a diagram showing an engine housing inside a mold pit for illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a side view of the tube system for removing heat from the engine housing crankcase of FIG. 1. FIG.

3 is a plan view of the tube system seen from the direction III-III of FIG.

4 shows a tube system for cooling the bottom of the engine housing of FIG. 1.

5 through 9 are schematic views of various modifications of the configuration for performing heat exchange between a casting material and a thermal medium.

FIG. 10 is a view showing an eccentric ring for illustrating a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG.

FIG. 11 is a sectional view along section line IX-IX of the eccentric wheel of FIG. 10.

12 is a plan view of the cooling plate.

FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view of a solid block with a narrow bore to facilitate understanding of a third embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (14)

A method of producing a metal cast part from a casting material by introducing a liquid cast material into a mold and solidifying and cooling the casting material inside the mold, Cooling of the casting material in the mold is controlled by a cooling system 3, 4; 60; 91, Predetermine one or more local spatial regions in the cast part according to the geometry of the cast part and the desired metallurgical effect, and intentionally control the removal of heat from the casting material in the mold in the predetermined spatial region; Adjusting the location and shape of the cooling system to control the removal of heat in the local space region, Controlling the removal of heat from the local spatial region is performed by a flowing fluid. The method of claim 1, The mold is a casting method, characterized in that the sand mold. The method of claim 1, Casting intentionally controlling the removal of heat from the casting material in the predetermined spatial region of the cast part in the mold, and the amount of heat removed from each of the different spatial regions can be controlled independently of each other. The method of claim 1, The flowing fluid is a casting method, characterized in that the air. The method of claim 1, The temperature profile is obtained by continuously measuring the local temperature of the casting material with the temperature sensors 5a, 5b, 5c at a plurality of points of the casting material, and the temperature profile obtained is obtained by the control system 6. The casting method used for the control of cooling. In claim 5, And a temperature gradient between the predetermined spatial regions in the casting material is minimized by the control of cooling. The method according to claim 1 or 2, A casting method wherein the solidification of the casting material is controlled by the deliberate removal of heat. A casting mold for solidifying and cooling a liquid casting material in a mold to produce a metal casting part from the casting material, The mold comprises a cooling system 3, 4, 60, 91 for controlled cooling of the casting material, The cooling system includes one or more tube systems (3, 4; 61; 91) for fluid heat carriers, wherein heat can be removed through the tube system, Predetermine one or more local spatial regions in the cast part according to the geometrical and desired metallurgical effects of the cast part, and intentionally control the removal of heat from the casting material in the mold in the predetermined spatial region; Casting and controlling the removal of heat to the local space region by adjusting the position and shape of the cooling system. In claim 8, Casting mold, wherein the mold is a sand mold. The method of claim 8, The cooling system 3, 4, 60, 91 has a heat exchange medium 9; 20; 21; 22 so that the tube system 3, 4; 61; 91 and the casting material 10 are thermally coupled. Casting mold, characterized in that. In claim 10, Casting mold, characterized in that the heat exchange medium (20; 21; 22) comprises graphite. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, The cooling system 3, 4, 60, 91 includes two or more tube systems 3, 4 for fluid heat carriers, and heat can be removed through the tube system, The removal of heat from the casting material in a plurality of said predetermined space regions is deliberately controlled and the amount of heat removed by said two or more tube systems (3, 4) is controlled independently of each other. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 11, And a control system (6) for controlling the amount of heat removed so that the temperature gradient between the predetermined spatial regions in the casting material is minimized. The method of claim 12, The casting mold, characterized in that the heat medium is a fluid.