KR100564736B1 - Fuel Composition - Google Patents

Abstract

Industrial Applicability The present invention provides a novel fuel composition that can be used as it is in an internal combustion engine of a conventional vehicle, and has a low pollution.

The present invention provides a fuel composition consisting essentially of ethers substantially comprising branched aliphatic ethers.

 The present invention also provides a fuel composition which consists essentially of ether and branched aliphatic alcohols and comprises a branched aliphatic ether as said ether. The present invention also provides a fuel composition comprising, as said ether, an aliphatic ether. The fuel composition according to the present invention can be applied to a conventional vehicle even without containing so-called gasoline components, so that the vehicle can be driven and is a low pollution fuel composition.

Fuel composition, ether, alcohol, vehicle, low pollution, internal combustion engine

Description

Fuel composition

The present invention relates to a novel fuel composition, and more particularly to a fuel composition for a vehicle.

In recent years, it is a problem to escape from petroleum as a fuel resource in the depletion of petroleum resources and the deterioration of the global environment by petroleum consumption. In particular, vehicle fuels such as gasoline and diesel fuel are one of the largest consumption items of petroleum in the world, and exhaust gas emitted by the consumption of these vehicle fuels is a major factor of air pollution.

Alternative fuels to replace gasoline or diesel fuels are being considered. However, engines and fuel supply systems currently mounted on vehicles cannot be used as they are, and many new engine series are required, and there are also problems in terms of fuel efficiency in driving a vehicle. For this reason, there are few alternative fuels that have been put to practical use.

An object of the present invention is to provide a novel fuel composition which can be used as it is in an internal combustion engine of a conventional vehicle as it is under such a situation of a vehicle fuel and which is low pollution.

The present invention provides the following fuel compositions as means for solving the above problems.

The present invention provides a fuel composition consisting essentially of ethers substantially comprising branched aliphatic ethers.

The present invention also provides a fuel composition which consists essentially of ether and branched aliphatic alcohols and comprises a branched aliphatic ether as said ether.

In addition, the present invention also provides the fuel composition comprising, as the ether, an aliphatic ether.

The fuel composition according to the present invention can be applied to a conventional vehicle even when the fuel composition does not contain so-called gasoline components, and is a fuel composition having low pollution.

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, embodiment of this invention is described in detail.

The fuel composition of this invention consists of substantially the following components (a) or (a) and (b), It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

(a) ethers including branched aliphatic ethers

(b) alcohols including branched aliphatic alcohols

That is, this fuel composition does not contain the hydrocarbon which is a main component of what is called gasoline or diesel fuel. According to such a fuel composition, it can apply to a conventional internal combustion engine for gasoline or a diesel internal combustion engine as it is, and can further reduce carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxide, and sulfur oxide in exhaust gas in an internal combustion engine.

The fuel composition can be applied to an engine, in particular a gasoline engine, to exhibit good combustion performance and output performance.

In the present specification, ether is a compound represented by the general formula of R-O-R '(where R and R' are each a hydrocarbon group).

Here, the branched aliphatic ether contained in the present fuel composition may be a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group of at least one hydrocarbon group of R and R '. Therefore, both of R and R 'may be a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group. As such a branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group, it is also possible to use an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group or the like, but preferably an alkyl group having 3 or more carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 4 or more carbon atoms. In addition, the branched aliphatic hydrocarbon group preferably has 10 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 7 or less carbon atoms.

Moreover, it is preferable that carbon number of the sum total is 4 or more and 8 or less in the said branched alkyl group.

Examples of such branched aliphatic hydrocarbon groups include isopropyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, neopentyl group, tert-pentyl group and isohexyl group alcohol.

In addition, examples of the ether having a preferred aliphatic hydrocarbon group include diisopropyl ether, methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, isopropyl tert-butyl ether and the like.

In particular, it is preferable that an octane number (referring to research octane number of JIS K 2880) is 90 or more as ether which can provide an octane number to a fuel composition, More preferably, it is 100 or more. Examples of the ether having such an octane number include methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether, and isopropyl tert-butyl ether, and particularly preferably methyl tert-butyl ether.

These aliphatic ethers can be used combining 1 type or 2 types of paper.

As the ether contained in the fuel composition, two hydrocarbon groups bonded to oxygen atoms in addition to the above-mentioned branched aliphatic ether are any one of linear aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, alicyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, and aromatic hydrocarbon groups. Ethers may be included. Such hydrocarbon groups are preferably linear aliphatic hydrocarbon groups and alicyclic hydrocarbon groups, and more preferably alkyl groups and / or cycloalkyl groups.

From the viewpoint of combustibility, the linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group is preferably an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, and more preferably an alkyl group having 2 or less carbon atoms. Specific examples of the other ethers include diethyl ether, dipropyl ether and dibutyl ether.

It is preferable that this fuel composition contains alcohol. In the present specification, the alcohol is an alcohol represented by the general formula of R-OH (where R is a hydrocarbon group). Here, the branched aliphatic alcohol contained in the present fuel composition is an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having R, preferably an branched alkyl group. As such a branched alkyl group, it is preferable that they are an alkyl group of 3 or more and 8 or less, More preferably, they are an alkyl group of 4 or more and 6 or less. Specifically, isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, isopentyl alcohol, neopentyl alcohol, tert-pentyl alcohol, isohexyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol, 3 -Methyl-1-butyl alcohol, 4-methyl-2-pentyl alcohol and the like. Preferably, isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, sec-butyl alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, neopentyl alcohol, 2-ethylhexyl alcohol and the like. Especially preferably, it is tert- butyl alcohol.

These branched aliphatic alcohols can be used in combination of 1 type or 2 types of paper.

It is preferable to use alcohol whose said research octane number is 100 or more as a branched fatty alcohol used for this fuel composition.

As the alcohol other than the branched fatty alcohol, linear aliphatic alcohol can be used. For example, n-propanol, n-butanol, n-pentanol, n-hexanol, etc. are mentioned.

It is also preferable not to contain methanol. By not containing methanol, swelling property with respect to rubber | gum is suppressed and it can apply favorably with the conventional internal combustion engine or a vehicle.

In this fuel composition, it consists essentially only of ether and alcohol. That is, it does not contain hydrocarbons. However, "substantially consists only of ether and alcohol" means containing the hydrocarbons which may be contained as an impurity etc. or an additive in the ether and alcohol used for this fuel composition.

The present fuel composition can be obtained by combining one or two or more of the above-mentioned ethers and alcohols, respectively. By blending the alcohol and the ether components such that the vapor pressure (37.8 ° C) based on JIS K2258 is 30 kPa or more, a fuel composition which can be applied as a fuel to an internal combustion engine for a vehicle is provided. This is because good engine startability can be obtained when the vapor pressure of the present fuel composition is 30 kPa or more. If it is less than 30 kPa / 101.3 kPa (about 30%), it is because there is too little flammable gas contained in a gaseous phase, and it affects the starting property of an engine. Preferably, the upper limit of the vapor pressure is preferably 100 kPa or less.

Moreover, the fuel composition for internal combustion engines for vehicles which is more preferable is provided by making the said research octane number of this fuel composition into 100 or more.

Moreover, it is preferable to combine an ether and an alcohol so that the hydrocarbon group of the ether and alcohol which comprise this fuel composition may contain 3 or more types of hydrocarbon groups of carbon number in the range of 1-6, preferably 1-5. . More preferably, the ether and the alcohol are combined so as to have hydrocarbon groups each having 1 to 5 carbon atoms (more preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms).

In particular, as the branched aliphatic ether, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) is preferably used alone or in combination with MTBE and diisopropyl ether.

It is preferable to combine this branched aliphatic ether with diethyl ether as another ether. Specifically, a combination of MTBE and diethyl ether and MTBE, diisopropyl ether and diethyl ether is preferable.

Furthermore, for these ethers, it is preferable to use an alcohol having a high flash point (for example, 400 ° C or higher) as the branched aliphatic alcohol in order to prevent knocking. Examples of such alcohols are tert-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol and sec-butyl alcohol, and more preferably tert-butyl alcohol.

Moreover, in this fuel composition, it is preferable that the ratio (weight ratio) of ether and alcohol is 30: 0: 70-95: 5. This is because if the ether is less than 30% by weight, the vapor pressure is low, and if the ether is more than 95% by weight and the alcohol is less than 5% by weight, it is difficult to obtain a desirable distillation phase. More preferably, it is the range of 40: 60-80: 20.

In particular, when diisopropyl ether and MTBE are used as the ether and tert-butyl alcohol is used as the alcohol, the weight ratio of ether and alcohol is preferably 30:70 to 80:20, and isopropyl ether 20 to 30 It is more preferable to set it as the weight%, MTBE 5-60 weight%, and tert- butyl alcohol 10-75 weight%.
Substantially, it consists only of the ether containing a branched aliphatic ether and the alcohol containing a branched aliphatic alcohol, The weight ratio of the said ether and an alcohol is 40: 50-60: 50, The said aliphatic ether is methyl tert- butylether and di It is more preferably made of isopropyl ether, and the branched aliphatic alcohol is tert-butyl alcohol.
The weight ratio of the methyl tert-butyl ether, the diisopropyl ether and the tert-butyl alcohol may be 20:30:50.
In some cases, the weight ratio of the methyl tert-butyl ether, the diisopropyl ether and the tert-butyl alcohol may be 10:30:60.
These details can be easily seen from Examples 1, 3 and 4 described later.

In addition, when diethyl ether and MTBE are used as ether and tert-butyl alcohol is used as alcohol, it is preferable to make the whole ether 95 weight% or less. This is because when the ether is more than 95% by weight and the alcohol is less than 5% by weight, it is difficult to obtain a preferable distillation phase. Moreover, it is preferable to mix | blend diethyl ether in the range of 15-30 weight% of the whole, and 65-80 weight% of the whole MTBE.

In addition, when isobutyl alcohol and sec-butyl alcohol are used as alcohol, using diisopropyl ether, diethyl ether, and MTBE as ether, it is preferable to make ether 95 weight% or less of the whole. This is because when the ether is more than 95% by weight and the alcohol is less than 5% by weight, it is difficult to obtain a preferable distillation phase. Moreover, it is preferable to mix | blend diethyl ether in the range of 6-20 weight% of the whole, and 20-90 weight% of the whole MTBE. It is preferable to mix | blend diisopropyl ether in 20 to 90 weight% of the whole.

It is preferable that the vapor pressure which can be obtained based on JISK2258 of this fuel composition is 30 kPa or more and 90 kPa or less. If it exceeds 90 kPa, the oxygen concentration in the gas phase is relatively low, so the combustibility is lowered. More preferably (in particular, in the case of gasoline), they are 30 kPa or more and 78 kPa or less.

Moreover, the fuel composition exhibits a distillation phase different from that of conventional gasoline. In particular, it is preferable that 50% distillation temperature is 60 degreeC or more in the distillation phase based on JISK225225. More preferably, it is 65 degreeC or more, More preferably, it is 69 degreeC or more. In addition, an upper limit becomes like this. Preferably it is 110 degrees C or less.

Moreover, it is preferable that 90% outflow temperature is 75 degreeC or more, More preferably, it is 80 degreeC or more.

In particular, it is preferable that 50% outlet temperature is 65 degreeC or more, and 90% outlet temperature is 75 degreeC or more. It is also preferable that the 50% outlet temperature is 75 ° C or lower, and the 90% outlet temperature is 83 ° C or lower.

Moreover, it is preferable that the flash point based on JISK226226 is -40 degreeC or more and -15 degrees C or less.

Moreover, it is preferable that a ignition point is 250 degreeC or more.

This fuel composition can significantly reduce the contents of carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides in fuel gas in an internal combustion engine. This is based on not containing the conventional gasoline derived component in this fuel composition.

Moreover, when the average molecular weight is obtained by multiplying the compounding weight ratios with the carbon number, hydrogen number and oxygen number constituting each molecular formula of the alcohol and ether to be blended with the present fuel composition, the average molecular weight is obtained by the following formula. If obtained, _{4 ~} C ₈ H ₈ O _{12 ~} preferably from _{1 to 3,} and more preferably, a _{C 4 ~ 6 H 9 ~ 12} O 1 ~ 2. Moreover, it is preferable that the range of average molecular weight is 70 or more and 95 or less, More preferably, it is 75 or more and 90 or less.

According to the fuel composition of the present invention, it is further possible to provide a novel fuel composition by mixing with conventional gasoline. Although the compounding ratio with gasoline is not specifically limited, Preferably it mix | blends so that 50weight% or more may comprise this fuel composition.

The fuel composition of the present invention can be suitably used as a fuel of a vehicle, and particularly preferably as a fuel of a vehicle (gasoline engine and diesel engine), but can be more preferably used in various industrial vehicles using conventional gasoline. have. Moreover, it can be used also for transporters other than vehicles, such as a ship and an aircraft which use the conventional gasoline. Moreover, it can also be used for various apparatuses, such as a generator and a heater which use the conventional gasoline.

(Example)

EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION Hereinafter, the Example which actualized this invention is described. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(Example 1)

In the present embodiment, the runability of the vehicle was confirmed with respect to the present fuel composition.

Based on the formulation shown in Table 1, the fuel composition of the test compositions 1-7 was prepared, used as a fuel of the vehicle which has a total exhaust volume of 1600 cc, and a gasoline engine, accelerated to 60 km per hour, and running test for a fixed time at the said speed. Was carried out.

ingredient Composition One 2 3 4 5 6 7 Methyl t-butyl ether 20 10 5 65 70 75 80 t-butyl alcohol 50 60 65 5 5 5 5 Diisopropyl ether 30 30 30 0 0 0 0 Diethyl ether 0 0 0 30 25 20 15

                                                        Unit: weight%

As a result of the running test, even when either of the test compositions 1 to 7 were used as fuel, the vehicle was able to run satisfactorily without problems such as knocking even at the time of acceleration from oscillation to 60 km per hour and at a speed of 60 km per hour.

(Example 2)

Distillation phase (JIS K 2254.4), vapor pressure (JIS K 2258), and flash point (JIS K 2265.4) for Composition 1 prepared in Example 1 (MTBE: diisopropylether: tert-butyl alcohol (20:30:50) Table 2 shows the test results for.

        Distillation phase (loss loss addition) Super flow temperature ℃ 60.0 5% Outflow temperature ℃ 65.0 10% Outflow temperature ℃ 65.5 20% Outflow temperature ℃ 66.0 30% outflow temperature 67.0 40% Outflow temperature ℃ 68.0 50% Outflow temperature 69.0 60% Outflow Temperature 70.5 70% outflow temperature 72.5 80% Outflow temperature ℃ 75.5 90% outflow temperature 78.5 95% outflow temperature 80.0 End point temperature ℃ 120.0 Total discharge capacity% 99.0 Residual Flow Capacity% 0.0 Loss amount% 1.0 Vapor pressure 37.8 ℃ kPa 32.0 flash point TAG ℃ -18.0

As shown in Table 2, 10% distillation temperature of this composition 1 was 65.5 degreeC, 50% distillation temperature was 69.0 degreeC, 90% distillation temperature was 78.5 degreeC, and the end point was 120 degreeC. The temperature range (60 degreeC-120 degreeC) from an initial stream to an end point was 60 degreeC.

(Example 3)

Compositions 8 to 12 were prepared based on the formulations shown in Table 3, and used as a fuel for a total exhaust volume of 1590 cc and a gasoline engine car (civic 1600 si 5speed, ZC engine: DOHC), and horsepower was measured. The measurement was made into the horsepower in this Example using the chassis dynamo motor (manufactured by BOSCH) as a measuring device to accelerate to 220 km / h. As a control, horsepower was measured under the same conditions using commercially available regular gasoline.

In addition, in either of the compositions 8 to 12, the running state for the horsepower measurement was good. The results are shown in Table 3.

ingredient Composition (Unit: weight%) Counterpart 8 9 10 11 12 Gasoline Methyl t-butyl ether 20 10 30 10 0 - t-butyl alcohol 50 60 40 70 60 - Diisopropyl ether 30 30 30 20 40 - Horsepower (ps) 121.04 108.8 100.64 97.92 92.48 116.96

As shown in Table 3, it was 92.48-121.04ps with respect to 116.96ps of regular gasoline, and the favorable horsepower measurement result was obtained also in any composition.

(Example 4)

The compositions 8 and 9 prepared in Example 3 were used as fuel in a total exhaust gas of 1600 cc and a gasoline engine car, the exhaust gas was collected, and the exhaust gas analysis was performed. In addition, the exhaust gas was collected with an idling gas in which each composition was burned as a fuel with a tether bag. In addition, the exhaust gas was collected without passing the catalyst. With respect to the collected gas _{N 2, O 2, CO,} CO 2, gas chromatography method (Co., Shimadzu Seisakusho GC-14B (detector: TCD)) was measured by. The hydrocarbon was measured with a hydrocarbon system (HCM-1B manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). Furthermore, it was measured according to JIS K 0103 and JIS K 0104 respectively, with respect to the SO _X and NO _X. As a control, exhaust gas was collected under the same conditions using commercially available gasoline and analyzed.

The results are shown in Table 4.

Metric unit Composition 8 % For gasoline Composition 9 % For gasoline Control (regular gasoline) nitrogen N ₂ v / v% 76.90 101.5 78.20 103.3 75.70 Oxygen O ₂ v / v% 3.20 152.4 5.20 247.6 2.10 carbon monoxide CO v / v% 0.52 69.3 0.17 22.7 0.75 carbon dioxide C0 ₂ v / v% 11.60 90.6 10.40 81.3 12.80 Hydrocarbon CH v / vppm 1400 63.6 2600 118.2 2200 Nitrogen oxide NO _X v / vppm 53 64.6 51 62.2 82 Sulfur oxide SO _X v / vppm 0.60 20.7 0.54 17.2 2.90

As shown in Table 4, in the exhaust gas of the composition 8, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides were remarkably reduced compared with the exhaust gas of commercial gasoline. In addition, the reduction of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides was particularly remarkable in the exhaust gas of the composition 9.

According to the present invention, it can be used as it is in a conventional gasoline car and a novel fuel composition of low pollution can be provided.

Claims (7)

delete Substantially, it consists only of the ether containing a branched aliphatic ether and the alcohol containing a branched aliphatic alcohol, The weight ratio of the said ether and an alcohol is 40: 60-50: 50, The said aliphatic ether is methyl tert- butylether and di It is made of isopropyl ether, the branched aliphatic alcohol is tert- butyl alcohol, characterized in that the fuel composition. The fuel composition of claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the methyl tert-butyl ether, the diisopropyl ether, and the tert-butyl alcohol is 20:30:50. The fuel composition according to claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of the methyl tert-butyl ether, the diisopropyl ether, and the tert-butyl alcohol is 10:30:60. delete delete delete