EP0227176A2 - Oxygenated, high-octane-number composition for fuel, and method for its preparation - Google Patents
Oxygenated, high-octane-number composition for fuel, and method for its preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0227176A2 EP0227176A2 EP86202265A EP86202265A EP0227176A2 EP 0227176 A2 EP0227176 A2 EP 0227176A2 EP 86202265 A EP86202265 A EP 86202265A EP 86202265 A EP86202265 A EP 86202265A EP 0227176 A2 EP0227176 A2 EP 0227176A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tba
- methanol
- isobutene
- mtbe
- weight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/023—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for spark ignition
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an oxygenated, high-octane-number composition for fuel, and to a method for its preparation.
- methanol has interesting high-octane-rating characteristics, such that the addition thereof to the gasolines is one of the suggested means to cope with the lead-alkyls reductions.
- Such a use shows however a severe drawback in that methanol, when admixed with hydrocarbons, if the resulting mixtures absorb even very minor amounts of water (500-700 ppm), undergoes phase separations.
- An indirect way of adding methanol, with no problems, to a gasoline consists in reacting it with isobutene, or with other branched C5-C7 olefins, yielding high antiknock-rating ethers which, once that they have been admixed with gasolines, do not show any longer phenomena of instability in the presence of water.
- Such a procedure allows however small methanol amounts, practically only the stoichiometric amount, to be added, which means 57 parts by weight per each 100 parts of reacted isobutene, such parts decreasing then to 46, if on the contrary a C5 olefin, such as the isoamylenes, is used.
- the hydration reaction shows, relatively to the etherifying reaction, a more unfavourable thermodynamics, so that, whilst it is possible to accomplish, in the etherifying step, high ( ⁇ 99%) isobutene conversions, reaching in the hydration step a conversion of 80% is practically impossible, unless extremely complex process schemes are used.
- Another disadvantageous characteristic of the hydration is the mutual immiscibility of the reactants (H2O-olefins) with each other, which makes it necessary to use a third component, acting as a solvent.
- the third component causes serious technical problems as for its separation and recycle, so that the production of TBA is presently carried out on a commercial scale via the reduction of tert-butyl hydro peroxide in propylene oxide syntheses.
- a high-octane-rating composition for fuels having, as its components, methanol, TBA and MTBE, wherein the components are comprised within the following percent ranges: methanol: 30-45%, preferably 43.1% by weight; TBA : 30-45%, preferably 43.1% by weight; MTBE : 5-20%, preferably 13.8% by weight; and a method for preparing it has been surprisigly found, by which the drawbacks of the prior art are overcome.
- the high-octane-number composition for fuel according to the invention is such that it contains, in its preferred fo rm, even 240 parts by weight of oxygen-contaning high-octane-number components per each 100 parts of reacted isobutene, as compared to the 155 parts which can be obtained by means of the complete conversion of isobutene into MTBE.
- the high-octane-number composition in accordance with the instant invention shows considerable advantages of stability as compared to methanol alone, and also relatively to methanol-TBA mixtures, as it shall be set forth in particular in Example 2.
- composition according to the invention is added to the gasolines in amounts comprised within the range of from 3 to 30% by weight.
- the method according to the present invention comprises submitting a butadiene-free C4 charge, containing a percentage of isobutene of from 10 to 55%, to one or more sequential hydration treatment(s) with water, in the presence of an acidic cationic resin, in particular based on sulphonated styrene-divinylbenzene of Amberlyst 15 type, thus partly converting isobutene into TBA, separating TBA from the mixture of the other components, containing the residual isobutene, submitting the residual isobutene in said mixture to an etherifying treatment with an excess of methanol relatively to the stoichiometric amount, to the purpose of converting it into MTBE in the presence of an acidic cationic resin, in particular based on a sulphonated styrene-divinylbenzene of Amberlyst 15 type, and is characterized in that the reaction mixture (isobutene and water) is homogenised by means of
- the methanol excess is of from 8 to 15 times as the stoichiometric amount, as referred to the residual isobutene after the hydration.
- the method of the present invention can be carried out in particular as illustrated in the following Example 1, which is not to be understood as being limitative of the invention.
- the reaction of TBA formation is carried out as a process of two steps in series, and the solvent is constituted by a mixture of TBA and water, which is obtained as an intermediate fraction from the TBA separation step.
- stream 1 100 parts by weight of an olefinic chargecontaining 50% by weight of isobutene (stream 1, see herewith attached figure), added are 145.82 parts by weight of stream 6, which is a recycle stream, and is formed by 129.78 parts of TBA and 16.04 parts of water.
- stream 6 which is a recycle stream, and is formed by 129.78 parts of TBA and 16.04 parts of water.
- TBA is formed, from isobutene and water.
- the reaction product (stream 2) has the following composition: Inert butenes 50 Isobutene 20.70 TBA 168.48 H2O 6.64
- the isobutene conversion in 10 is of 58.6%.
- the stream 4 is sent to the fractionation column 12.
- the reaction product (stream 8) has the following composition: Inert butenes 50 Isobutene 0.08 Methanol 53.46 MTBE 16.57 TBA 0.01 H2O 0.05
- the total isobutene conversion is thus higher than 99.8%.
- the stream 8 is sent to the fractionation column 14, wherein a bottom fraction is obtained, which is constituted by 16.57 parts of MTBE, 51.90 parts of methanol and 0.01 parts of TBA.
- the remaining stream constituted by C4 hydrocarbons and azeotropic methanol is recovered overhead in 14.
- the stream 7 and stream 9 can be either used separately, or they can be combined together, 120.46 parts being obtained of a mixture of high-octane-number oxygenated compounds, which has the following composition: Methanol 43.08% TBA 43.16% MTBE 13.76%
- a gasoline containing 25% of aromatic hydrocarbons is admixed with methanol, with methanol and TBA and with such reaction product as obtained in Example 1.
- the ratios are so adjusted, that methanol is always 5% of the mixture.
- mixture 3 is higher not only than that of only methanol-containing mixture, but also than the stability of the mixture con taining methanol and TBA.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an oxygenated, high-octane-number composition for fuel, and to a method for its preparation.
- It is known that methanol has interesting high-octane-rating characteristics, such that the addition thereof to the gasolines is one of the suggested means to cope with the lead-alkyls reductions. Such a use shows however a severe drawback in that methanol, when admixed with hydrocarbons, if the resulting mixtures absorb even very minor amounts of water (500-700 ppm), undergoes phase separations.
- Because of its hydrophilic character, when two phases separate from each other, methanol tends to concentrate in the aqueous phase, thus depriving gasoline of its antiknock-value improving contribution. It is clear that such a behaviour jeopardizes the use of methanol in the field of fuels.
- An indirect way of adding methanol, with no problems, to a gasoline, consists in reacting it with isobutene, or with other branched C₅-C₇ olefins, yielding high antiknock-rating ethers which, once that they have been admixed with gasolines, do not show any longer phenomena of instability in the presence of water. Such a procedure allows however small methanol amounts, practically only the stoichiometric amount, to be added, which means 57 parts by weight per each 100 parts of reacted isobutene, such parts decreasing then to 46, if on the contrary a C₅ olefin, such as the isoamylenes, is used.
- It is known that the presence of higher alcohols endows methanol/gasoline mixtures with improved water stability, such that a preferred form of use of methanol in gasolines is precisely that carried out in the presence of a higher alcohol - e.g., a mixture containing equal parts by weight of methanol and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). Inasmuch as TBA can be obtained by isobutene hydration, it is logical to observe how by that way introducing 132 parts of methanol per each 100 parts of reacted isobutene becomes possible, which is more than the double of the amount which one succeeds in introducing by the etherifying of a same amount of olefins.
- However, the hydration reaction shows, relatively to the etherifying reaction, a more unfavourable thermodynamics, so that, whilst it is possible to accomplish, in the etherifying step, high (≧99%) isobutene conversions, reaching in the hydration step a conversion of 80% is practically impossible, unless extremely complex process schemes are used.
- Obviously, such a fact lowers the yields and, by not completely removing isobutene from the used olefinic fraction, it endangers the subsequent use thereof as the starting material for the recovery of butene-1.
- Another disadvantageous characteristic of the hydration is the mutual immiscibility of the reactants (H₂O-olefins) with each other, which makes it necessary to use a third component, acting as a solvent.
- As regards this latter disadvantage, it should be observed that the third component causes serious technical problems as for its separation and recycle, so that the production of TBA is presently carried out on a commercial scale via the reduction of tert-butyl hydro peroxide in propylene oxide syntheses.
- It has been now surprisingly found a high-octane-rating composition for fuels having, as its components, methanol, TBA and MTBE, wherein the components are comprised within the following percent ranges:
methanol: 30-45%, preferably 43.1% by weight;
TBA : 30-45%, preferably 43.1% by weight;
MTBE : 5-20%, preferably 13.8% by weight;
and a method for preparing it has been surprisigly found, by which the drawbacks of the prior art are overcome. - The high-octane-number composition for fuel according to the invention is such that it contains, in its preferred fo rm, even 240 parts by weight of oxygen-contaning high-octane-number components per each 100 parts of reacted isobutene, as compared to the 155 parts which can be obtained by means of the complete conversion of isobutene into MTBE.
- The high-octane-number composition in accordance with the instant invention shows considerable advantages of stability as compared to methanol alone, and also relatively to methanol-TBA mixtures, as it shall be set forth in particular in Example 2.
- The composition according to the invention is added to the gasolines in amounts comprised within the range of from 3 to 30% by weight.
- The method according to the present invention comprises submitting a butadiene-free C₄ charge, containing a percentage of isobutene of from 10 to 55%, to one or more sequential hydration treatment(s) with water, in the presence of an acidic cationic resin, in particular based on sulphonated styrene-divinylbenzene of
Amberlyst 15 type, thus partly converting isobutene into TBA, separating TBA from the mixture of the other components, containing the residual isobutene, submitting the residual isobutene in said mixture to an etherifying treatment with an excess of methanol relatively to the stoichiometric amount, to the purpose of converting it into MTBE in the presence of an acidic cationic resin, in particular based on a sulphonated styrene-divinylbenzene of Amberlyst 15 type, and is characterized in that the reaction mixture (isobutene and water) is homogenised by means of a solvent selected from either pure or substantially pure TBA, and mixtures of TBA and water (water is at a concentration comprised within the range of from 0.1 to 18%), isobutene being converted into TBA at a temperature comprised within the range of from 40 to 90°C, by a percentage of from 75 to 80%, and the MTBE-containing mixture is submitted to fractionation, a mixture being separated of MTBE and methanol with possible minor traces of TBA, which is admixed with pure TBA up to the above-said concentrations. - The methanol excess is of from 8 to 15 times as the stoichiometric amount, as referred to the residual isobutene after the hydration.
- The method of the present invention can be carried out in particular as illustrated in the following Example 1, which is not to be understood as being limitative of the invention. In it, the reaction of TBA formation is carried out as a process of two steps in series, and the solvent is constituted by a mixture of TBA and water, which is obtained as an intermediate fraction from the TBA separation step.
- It is clear that changes can be supplied to the process pattern, without going out of the scope of the invention.
- To 100 parts by weight of an olefinic chargecontaining 50% by weight of isobutene (stream 1, see herewith attached figure), added are 145.82 parts by weight of
stream 6, which is a recycle stream, and is formed by 129.78 parts of TBA and 16.04 parts of water. The resulting mixture is delivered, at an LHSV = 2, toreactor 10, containing an ion-exchange resin in the acidic form (Amberlyst 15), operating at the temperature of 60°C. - The ratios between water, hydrocarbons and TBA are so selected, that the mixture is in single phase. In
reactor 10, TBA is formed, from isobutene and water. The reaction product (stream 2) has the following composition:
Inert butenes 50
Isobutene 20.70
TBA 168.48
H₂O 6.64
The isobutene conversion in 10 is of 58.6%. - To the
stream 2, 13.03 parts of demineralized water, or anyway of water free from cations or organic bases, are added; the resulting mixture (stream 3), which is perfectly homogeneous, is passed at a space velocity = 1.6 overreactor 11 containing an ion-exchange resin in the acidic form (Amberlyst 15), and operating at 60°C. The resulting product (stream 4) has the following compositions:
Inert butenes 50
Isobutene 10.64
TBA 181.76
H₂O 16.44 - The total conversion of isobutene is of 78.7%, with a nearly absolute selectivity to TBA.
- The stream 4 is sent to the
fractionation column 12. - From
column 12 three streams are collected:
- a overhead stream (stream 5), 61.04 parts, constituted by 50 parts of linear butenes, 10.64 parts of isobutene and 0.40 parts of H₂O. Water decants nearly totally as a separated phase, so that thestream 5 contains, after the phase separation, only 0.06 parts thereof.
- a side stream (stream 6), which constitutes the recycle stream, to be admixed with stream 1.
- a bottom stream, constituted by 51.98 parts of practically anhydrous TBA. - To the
stream 5, after water being separated, 59.48 parts of methanol (16) are added, and the resulting mixture is passed overreactor 13 at an LHSV = 5, and at a temperature of 45°C. - The reaction product (stream 8) has the following composition:
Inert butenes 50
Isobutene 0.08
Methanol 53.46
MTBE 16.57
TBA 0.01
H₂O 0.05 - The total isobutene conversion is thus higher than 99.8%.
- The stream 8 is sent to the
fractionation column 14, wherein a bottom fraction is obtained, which is constituted by 16.57 parts of MTBE, 51.90 parts of methanol and 0.01 parts of TBA. - The remaining stream, constituted by C₄ hydrocarbons and azeotropic methanol is recovered overhead in 14.
- The
stream 7 and stream 9 can be either used separately, or they can be combined together, 120.46 parts being obtained of a mixture of high-octane-number oxygenated compounds, which has the following composition:
Methanol 43.08%
TBA 43.16%
MTBE 13.76% - A gasoline containing 25% of aromatic hydrocarbons is admixed with methanol, with methanol and TBA and with such reaction product as obtained in Example 1. The ratios are so adjusted, that methanol is always 5% of the mixture.
-
- It can be observed that the stability of
mixture 3 is higher not only than that of only methanol-containing mixture, but also than the stability of the mixture con taining methanol and TBA.
Claims (4)
methanol: from 30 to 45% by weight;
TBA : from 30 to 45% by weight;
MTBE : from 5 to 20% by weight.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT23290/85A IT1197464B (en) | 1985-12-19 | 1985-12-19 | COMPOSITION FOR HIGH OCTANCY OXYGEN FUEL AND METHOD FOR ITS PREPARATION |
IT2329085 | 1985-12-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0227176A2 true EP0227176A2 (en) | 1987-07-01 |
EP0227176A3 EP0227176A3 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
Family
ID=11205710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86202265A Withdrawn EP0227176A3 (en) | 1985-12-19 | 1986-12-15 | Oxygenated, high-octane-number composition for fuel, and method for its preparation |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0227176A3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1197464B (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0501097A1 (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-09-02 | ÖMV Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel for internal combustion engines and application of methylformate |
USRE37089E1 (en) | 1995-02-08 | 2001-03-13 | Millennium Fuels Usa Llc | Refining process and apparatus |
USRE37142E1 (en) | 1995-02-08 | 2001-04-24 | Millennium Fuels Usa Llc | Refining process and apparatus |
KR100351794B1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-09-05 | 주식회사 서현케미칼 | Fuel additive for increasing octane number |
KR100564736B1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2006-03-27 | 히로요시 후루가와 | Fuel Composition |
US10626342B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2020-04-21 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Process for enhancing gasoline octane boosters, gasoline boosters, and gasolines |
CN115386404A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-11-25 | 中润油新能源股份有限公司 | High-cleanness methanol gasoline and preparation method thereof |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB487772A (en) * | 1936-11-24 | 1938-06-24 | Conral Cleo Callis | An improved liquid fuel for internal combustion engines |
EP0049921A1 (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1982-04-21 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Clear liquid fuel mixture for combustion engines |
US4334890A (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1982-06-15 | The Halcon Sd Group, Inc. | Process for gasoline blending stocks |
EP0064253A2 (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1982-11-10 | Veba Oel Ag | Gasoline |
EP0121089A2 (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1984-10-10 | DEA Mineraloel Aktiengesellschaft | Motor fuel |
EP0171440A1 (en) * | 1983-08-20 | 1986-02-19 | DEA Mineraloel Aktiengesellschaft | Motor fuel |
-
1985
- 1985-12-19 IT IT23290/85A patent/IT1197464B/en active
-
1986
- 1986-12-15 EP EP86202265A patent/EP0227176A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB487772A (en) * | 1936-11-24 | 1938-06-24 | Conral Cleo Callis | An improved liquid fuel for internal combustion engines |
EP0049921A1 (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1982-04-21 | Stamicarbon B.V. | Clear liquid fuel mixture for combustion engines |
US4334890A (en) * | 1981-02-03 | 1982-06-15 | The Halcon Sd Group, Inc. | Process for gasoline blending stocks |
EP0064253A2 (en) * | 1981-04-28 | 1982-11-10 | Veba Oel Ag | Gasoline |
EP0121089A2 (en) * | 1983-03-03 | 1984-10-10 | DEA Mineraloel Aktiengesellschaft | Motor fuel |
EP0171440A1 (en) * | 1983-08-20 | 1986-02-19 | DEA Mineraloel Aktiengesellschaft | Motor fuel |
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0501097A1 (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1992-09-02 | ÖMV Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel for internal combustion engines and application of methylformate |
US5232464A (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1993-08-03 | Omv Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel for internal combustion engines and use of methyl formate as fuel additive |
AT404596B (en) * | 1991-02-26 | 1998-12-28 | Oemv Ag | FUEL FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES AND USE OF METHYL FORMATE |
USRE37089E1 (en) | 1995-02-08 | 2001-03-13 | Millennium Fuels Usa Llc | Refining process and apparatus |
USRE37142E1 (en) | 1995-02-08 | 2001-04-24 | Millennium Fuels Usa Llc | Refining process and apparatus |
KR100351794B1 (en) * | 2001-06-01 | 2002-09-05 | 주식회사 서현케미칼 | Fuel additive for increasing octane number |
KR100564736B1 (en) * | 2001-06-21 | 2006-03-27 | 히로요시 후루가와 | Fuel Composition |
US10626342B2 (en) | 2015-11-23 | 2020-04-21 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Process for enhancing gasoline octane boosters, gasoline boosters, and gasolines |
CN115386404A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-11-25 | 中润油新能源股份有限公司 | High-cleanness methanol gasoline and preparation method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0227176A3 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
IT8523290A0 (en) | 1985-12-19 |
IT1197464B (en) | 1988-11-30 |
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