KR100481287B1 - Odor treatment equipment using vermiculite and process using thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an odor removing adsorbent consisting of exfoliated expanded vermiculite having an excellent ability to adsorb and remove malodorous substances, and an apparatus for removing malodor by using the same. The present invention relates to a method for using as an adsorbent to remove adsorption by contacting and to reduce the composting of organic wastewater and wastes and to lower the organic waste water content using the high water absorption characteristics of the vermiculite which has been adsorbed.

Description

Odor treatment equipment using vermiculite and process using

 The present invention relates to an odor removal adsorbent made of vermiculite and an odor removal device using the same, mainly odors or volatile organic compounds generated in manure and livestock wastewater treatment plants, feed, composting facilities, waste treatment facilities and livestock agriculture ( The present invention relates to a device for removing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) using vermiculite having excellent adsorption capacity and a method for removing odor using the device. The present invention also relates to a method of smoothing composting by lowering the water content by using a moisture control agent when composting organic wastewater and waste using the vermiculite that has been adsorbed.

As economic development and living standards improve, interest in odor removal technologies is gradually increasing, and odor removal facilities are urgently required as the management and regulation of odor generating facilities are strengthened. According to the recently revised Air Quality Preservation Act in Korea, workplaces that have facilities that generate odor-controlled components are required to install mandatory deodorization facilities.

On the other hand, sulfide-based odorous substances such as hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan and nitrogen-based odorous substances such as ammonia and amines have a very low detection limit concentration, which is the lowest concentration to detect odors, and affects not only the source but also the distant.

Odor diffused in the atmosphere is detected through the sense of smell during breathing, and will soon react in the human body. Exposure to malodorous substances for a short time only results in psychological effects such as disgust, discomfort or minor physiological damage, but when exposed for a long time, it irritates the mucous membranes of the respiratory system and changes blood pressure or pulse. In addition, even in the low concentration of odorous substances, such as loss of appetite, vomiting, headache, insomnia, allergy symptoms, etc., not only the work efficiency is reduced, but also the productivity of the workplace is greatly reduced, causing economic losses.

Conventionally, various kinds of physical, chemical and biological methods have been used to remove odors contained in air, and representative examples thereof include cooling condensation, catalytic combustion, physical and chemical adsorption, cleaning and microorganisms. Biofilters and the like. However, among these methods, physical and chemical methods have high removal efficiency of polluted gases, but they require high operating costs such as facility costs, material costs, and chemical costs. In particular, in the combustion method, secondary pollutants are generated such as dust and various harmful gases (SOx, CO, NOx), and in the case of the cleaning method, wastewater is generated.

In addition, the conventional biological methods do not have a great effect due to cost problems, lack of microbial management technology, and the like. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an odor removal adsorbent, an apparatus and a method using the same that remove the malodors or volatile organic compounds.

The present invention provides an odor removing adsorbent capable of efficiently removing malodorous substances and volatile organic compounds by improving the above-described problems of the prior art, and more particularly, an odor removing adsorbent consisting of peeled expanded vermiculite.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a device for filling the odor adsorbent in the packing tower and adsorption treatment of odorous substances flowing through the vermiculite filling tower and a method for removing odorous substances and volatile organic compounds using the same.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a device for removing odor by a biological method, microbial media used in the device and a method for removing odor using the same.

In addition, it provides a method of lowering the moisture content by recycling the vermiculite after adsorption is removed and using as a moisture control agent when composting organic wastewater and waste.

The present invention is mainly used to remove the odor or volatile organic compounds (VOC) generated in the manure and livestock wastewater treatment plant, sewage treatment plant, feed and composting facilities, waste treatment facilities, and livestock agriculture, apparatus and method using the same It is about.

The present invention also relates to a microorganism medium of a device for removing odor by a biological method and a method for removing odor using the same.

In addition, the present invention relates to a method for smoothing the composting process by lowering the moisture content by using the adsorbed vermiculite as a moisture control agent when composting the organic wastewater and waste.

Vermiculite is produced by weathering or hydrothermal alteration of Mica, and is a layered clay mineral with a layered structure similar to biotite whose main component is SiO ₂ , MgO, Al ₂ O ₃ . Due to the pressure of the water vapor generated at 3 to 30 times the peeling expansion properties. Vermiculite has various colors such as white, yellow, green, brown, specific gravity of 0.2 to 0.3, hardness of about 1.5, soft and flexible, but not elastic.

In economic terms, activated carbon costs about 1,500 to 2,000 won / kg, while vermiculite is 300 to 550 won / kg, which is 3.6 to 5.0 times cheaper than activated carbon.

In the present invention, the vermiculite is used as an adsorbent for removing odor after passing through a pretreatment step of exfoliating and expanding by heating at 300 to 1300 ° C, preferably at 900 to 1200 ° C. This exfoliated expanded vermiculite has a very low specific gravity, has excellent insulation and sound barrier properties, and is also used as a building material and packing packing material. It has a high cation substitution capacity and high content of effective nutrients. Used as a raw material. The exfoliated expanded vermiculite provides optimum conditions for growth and proliferation of microorganisms having odor removal ability and removal of odorous substances.

In addition, the exfoliated expanded vermiculite has a low water content, excellent water absorption rate, and high cation exchange ability, which has the ability to adsorb and remove odorous substances by the vermiculite itself.

Physical and chemical properties of the exfoliated expanded vermiculite are as shown in Table 1 and Table 2.

Physical Properties of Peeled Expanded Vermiculite              Characteristics Water In the rain 0.07 to 0.25 g / cm ³ Thermal conductivity 0.02 ~ 0.054 kcal / mh ℃ Safety Use Temperature 1000 ~ 1200 ℃ Compressive strength 5-15% Deform Swelling coefficient 3% at 982 ℃ pH 7 Incombustibility Non-combustible Class 1

Chemical composition of exfoliated expanded vermiculite Chemical composition SiO ₂ Al ₂ O ₃ Fe ₂ O ₃ CaO MgO K ₂ O Na ₂ O Etc content% 52-62 14-18 8 to 10 0.4 to 0.6 8 to 10 2.5 to 4 0.1 to 0.2 4 to 6

On the other hand, nutrients and minerals contained in vermiculite are continuously supplied to microorganisms to increase the activity of microorganisms and tolerate load fluctuations. In addition, the exfoliated expanded vermiculite can be immobilized a large amount of microorganisms because there are a lot of fine pores, and is very easy to keep warm and circulate air, the growth of microorganisms is fast, the contact rate with odorous substances and oxygen is increased to improve efficiency . Therefore, vermiculite of the present invention is very effective in immobilization, proliferation and growth of microorganisms to remove odors, and can be used as a microorganism media of biofilter which is one of the odor removal devices.

Microorganisms that can be used to remove odors include, but are not limited to, microorganisms of the genus Nitrobactor, Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Alcaligenes, Thiobacillus, Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Purple Sulfur Bacteria . The microorganisms described above are immobilized by inoculating and culturing the vermiculite-filled layer filled with vermiculite.

1 and 2, the malodor removing apparatus of the present invention is provided on one side of the outside of the adsorption tower 1, the inlet port 2 for introducing the malodorous gas, and the dust and water contained in the malodorous gas introduced Pre-filter (4) to remove the odor, adsorption layer (5) filled with vermiculite to adsorb and remove odorous substances, stack (7) from which the treated gas is discharged, and odor substances to be completely adsorbed Slide gate (8) for discharging the quenched stone in the adsorption layer (5), the top door (9) for removing the quenched stone from the adsorption layer (5) and filling new vermiculite And an exhaust fan 3 which transfers the collected malodorous gas into the adsorption tower 1 and discharges the treated gas.

3 is largely comprised of a reaction tank 10 and a deodorization tower 11 as an odor removing device of another embodiment of the present invention, and an inner side of the reaction tank 10 is optimal as a habitat for microorganisms to decompose bad smell substances. Cleaning solution for dissolving odorous substances introduced through the microorganism filling layer 12 including vermiculite which provides an environment, an exhaust fan 3 for introducing the collected odor gas into the reaction tank 10, and an acid pipe 6. The cleaning unit 15, which is located on one side of the upper end of the reaction tank 10 and the cleaning liquid is sprayed to increase the contact area between the odorous substance and the cleaning liquid, and the cleaning liquid at the bottom of the cleaning unit 15. It consists of a circulating pump 13 flowing into the injection nozzle 14 and a deodorization tower 11 filled with vermiculite to adsorb and remove untreated residual odor gas.

Hereinafter, an operation according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In the first embodiment of the present invention, the collected malodorous gas is transferred into the adsorption tower 1 through the inlet port 2 by the exhaust fan (see FIGS. 1 and 2). The transferred malodorous gas passes through the pre-filter (4) and removes the dust and water contained in the malodorous gas, which not only increases the life of vermiculite charged in the adsorption layer (5) but also exhaust fan (3). It is used for the purpose of reducing the balance. On the other hand, the malodorous gas passing through the prefilter 4 passes through the adsorption layer 5 filled with vermiculite, and substances such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, which are malodorous substances in the gas, are adsorbed and removed, and the treated gas is exhaust fan 3. It passes through the diffuser 6 and the stack 7 and is discharged to the atmosphere.

In addition, in the second embodiment of the present invention, the collected malodorous gas is introduced into the cleaning unit 15 through the diffuser 6 by the exhaust fan 3 (see FIG. 3). Part of the introduced odor gas is dissolved in the cleaning liquid present in the cleaning unit 15, and the other is introduced into the filling layer 12 provided above the cleaning unit 15 and adsorbed by microorganisms fixed on vermiculite and vermiculite. Decomposition and removal. At this time, the circulating pump 13 circulates the rinsing liquid of the cleaning unit 15 through the injection nozzle into the reaction tank 10 and the odor gas is once again dissolved by the rinsing liquid. On the other hand, the gas that has undergone the process of the reaction tank 10 is supplied to the lower portion of the deodorizing tower 11 is filled with the expanded expanded vermiculite through the diffuser (6). The remaining malodorous substance supplied to the deodorizing tower 11 is completely adsorbed and removed by vermiculite filled in the deodorizing tower 11 and then discharged to the atmosphere through the discharge pipe 16.

On the other hand, the vermiculite discharged from the inside of the deodorization tower 11 and the slide gate 8 which has been adsorbed can be used as an organic waste moisture control agent to lower the organic waste moisture content.

In order to evaluate the odor removal ability of the present invention was tested according to the following experimental example.

Experimental Example 1 Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption Experiment

In this experiment, hydrogen sulfide was used as a malodorous substance, and the adsorption tower was made of an acrylic tube having a height of 19.2 cm and an inner diameter of 3 cm. The vermiculite filled in the adsorption tower was 13.8 cm in height, and the vermiculite was purchased from Misung Industries, which was heated by 950-1100 ° C. for instant expansion and peeled and dried at 90 ° C. for 1 hour before being filled in the adsorption tower. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide (C ₀ ) flowing into the adsorption tower was injected at 4.6 ppm, and the inflow rate (v) was 1005 ml / min and the total experiment time was 1 hour 50 minutes. At this time, the concentration of the exhaust gas passing through the adsorption tower was analyzed by FTD (SHIMADZU GC-14B).

As a result of the experiment, the breakthrough curve of hydrogen sulfide did not show the "S" form, which is a typical breakthrough curve shown in a general adsorption experiment, and showed the form as shown in FIG. In order to measure the adsorption capacity adsorbed per adsorbent volume, as shown in FIG. 5, the intercept and the slope were determined from a graph of time versus ln (Co / C ⁻¹ ), and the linear equation was shown in Equation 1. Where the intercept is N ₀ (adsorption capacity) × D / C ₀ × v and the slope is −1 / k × C ₀ .

Y = -14.1299 X + 8.22353

Adsorption capacity calculated by Equation 1 was 0.0234g / cm ³ , specific gravity of vermiculite is 0.2, N ₀ (adsorption capacity) is 0.117g H ₂ S / g vermiculite, which is shown in Table 3.

H ₂ S adsorption capacity (g / g) importance Remarks Activated carbon 0.043 0.5 - Vermiculite 0.117 0.2 2.7 times of activated carbon

Experimental Example 2 Ammonia Adsorption Experiment

The experiment was carried out in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1, but ammonia was used as a malodorous substance, the vermiculite was 16 g in weight, and the height of the adsorbent in the adsorption tower was 12 cm and the volume was 85 cm ³ . The total experiment time was 2 hours, and the inflow rate v was 1005 ml / min (linear velocity = 8535.03 cm / hr). The injection concentration of ammonia (Co) was 5.5 ppm. The concentration of the exhaust gas was analyzed using FTD (SHIMADZU GC-14B). The breakthrough curve of ammonia was as shown in Figure 6 and was similar to the breakthrough curve of Experimental Example 1.

The adsorption capacity adsorbed per volume of the ammonia adsorbent was calculated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 and the adsorption capacity curve was as shown in FIG. 7.

Y = -44.5799 X + 20.666994

The adsorption capacity calculated by Equation 1 was 0.0809 g / cm ³ , the vermiculite density was 0.25 and N ₀ (adsorption capacity) was 0.356 g H ₂ S / g vermiculite, which is shown in Table 4.

NH ₃ adsorption capacity (g / g) importance Remarks Activated carbon 0.018 0.5 - Vermiculite 0.356 0.25 19.8 times of activated carbon

Experimental Example 3 Moisture Control Experiment

Saturated adsorbed vermiculite after odor treatment can be used as organic waste moisture control agent to control the proper moisture content of organic waste during composting.

Raw materials that can be composted include livestock manure, dewatered sludge and food waste, and the water content of each raw material is 90% (± 5% from farm to plant), 80% (± 2% from plant) and 85% (± 5% difference depending on the season). Therefore, the necessary vermiculite input per tonne of compost material is determined by 9.7% of vermiculite and 0.15 of specific gravity.

Target function rate 50% 60% 70% Vermiculite input Mass (ton) Volume (m ³ ) Mass (ton) Volume (m ³ ) Mass (ton) Volume (m ³ ) Livestock manure 1.0 6.7 0.6 4.0 0.3 2.0 Dewatering Sludge 0.7 4.7 0.4 2.7 0.2 1.3 Food waste 0.9 6.0 0.5 3.3 0.2 1.3

Table 5 shows the result of mixing only the compost raw material and vermiculite without using sawdust as a composting carbon source. In addition, in order to lower the moisture content of the compost raw material, a pretreatment facility for solid-liquid separation, such as a vacuum evaporator, a centrifuge, and a belt press, or the vermiculite input may be appropriately adjusted according to the material balance according to the odor load of the odor removal device.

As described above, the present invention uses exfoliated expanded vermiculite capable of immobilizing a large amount of microorganisms having high adsorption efficiency of malodorous substances and good resolution to malodorous substances as an adsorbent, thereby making it possible to use odor and Compared with the volatile organic compound removal device, it is possible to minimize the initial investment cost and maintenance cost, and to use it in the method of lowering the moisture content by using it as a moisture control agent when composting organic wastewater and wastes by using the adsorbed vermiculite having high absorption characteristics. It is possible.

1 is a right side view of the malodor removing device of the present invention.

2 is a plan view of the malodor removing apparatus of the present invention.

3 is a configuration diagram of another odor removing device of the present invention

4 is hydrogen sulfide adsorption breakthrough curve

5 is hydrogen sulfide adsorption capacity curve

6 is ammonia adsorption breakthrough curve

7 is ammonia adsorption capacity curve

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

1: adsorption tower 2: inlet

3: exhaust fan 4: prefilter

5 adsorption layer 6 diffuser

7: stack 8: slide gate

9: top door 10: reactor

11: deodorizing tower 12: packed bed with vermiculite

13: circulation pump 14: injection nozzle

15 cleaning unit 16 discharge pipe

Claims (9)

delete delete delete Inlet port 2 provided on one side of the adsorption tower 1 for introducing malodorous gas, prefilter 4 for removing dust and moisture contained in the introduced malodorous gas, and vermiculite that is heated and peeled and expanded at 300 ° C. or higher. Adsorbent layer (5) filled with adsorbent for removing malodors immobilized with microorganisms, stack (7) through which the treated gas is discharged, and adsorbed layer (5) completely adsorbed with malodorous substances The slide gate 8 for discharging the waste stone in the interior, the top door 9 for filling the waste stone in the adsorption layer 5 from which the waste stone is removed, and the odor gas are transferred into the absorption tower 1, and the treated gas Odor elimination apparatus comprising an exhaust fan (3) for discharging. A washing part filled with a microbial packing layer 12, an exhaust fan 3, and a cleaning liquid filled with an odor removing adsorbent in which microorganisms are immobilized on vermiculite which has been heated to 300 ° C or higher on the inner side of the reaction tank 10, and immobilized. 15, the injection nozzle 14 located on one side of the upper end of the reaction tank 10, the circulating pump 13 and the vermiculite filled with the cleaning liquid from the bottom of the cleaning unit 15 to the injection nozzle 14 Odor removal device comprising a deodorization tower (11). Odor removal method for removing odors using the odor removal device according to claim 4. Odor removal method to remove odor by the odor removal device according to claim 5. The method of claim 7, wherein the cleaning liquid of the cleaning unit (15) is circulated and injected into the reaction tank (10) through the injection nozzle to dissolve the odor gas by the cleaning liquid. delete