RU2761898C2 - Mobile biofilter mbf - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: filters.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for purification of gaseous media using microorganisms. The mobile biofilter (MBF) is characterised by the fact that the body thereof is made of a heat-insulated garbage container with a loading loop, support rollers and swing doors, provided in the lower part whereof is a drainage and distribution system made of standard drainage chutes, wherein metal plates with holes of different diameters are installed on top of said chutes. The filter is also equipped with a filtering layer with microorganisms, an irrigation system of the filtering layer, a heating system of the filtering layer, and has a removable roof wherein an overpressure valve is installed. The structure of the body of the biofilter is therein made so as to allow for connection of multiple biofilters in parallel in order to achieve optimal productivity.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in the efficiency of biological gas purification due to the uniform distribution of the polluted air over the entire area of the filtering layer, while providing a possibility of accelerating the replacement of the filtering layer and connecting such mobile biofilters in any amount to increase productivity.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for the purification of gaseous media using microorganisms. Mobile biofilter MBF consists of a rectangular case, which is made in the form of a standard garbage container with all attachments to the garbage truck. A drainage and distribution device is located in its lower part. Which consists of standard drainage gutters on top of which metal plates with holes are installed. Dirty air is supplied through this device. It is distributed throughout the device and flows evenly into the filter bed. This is achieved through a differentiated arrangement of holes with different diameters. The air duct passing through the drainage and distribution device leaves the container and at both ends and has a standard fixing, which allows connecting such mobile biofilters in any quantity. In the upper part there is a pipeline for irrigation and introduction of bacteria into the filtering layer.

The claimed invention relates to the field of environmental protection, more precisely to equipment for the purification of gaseous media using microorganisms, and can be used in the chemical, oil refining, wood processing, food, agricultural, biotechnological industries to purify waste gases from organic contaminants such as phenol and its derivatives, alcohols, aldehydes, mercaptans, aromatic compounds.

Biological air purification methods are cheaper than traditional physicochemical methods for removing contaminants, such as catalytic afterburning or absorption on activated carbon, and do not have a harmful effect on the environment. They are based on the ability of some microorganisms to destroy organic and inorganic substances present in the air under aerobic conditions with the formation of harmless products of microbial metabolism. Pre-selection of specially adapted mono- or mixed cultures of microorganisms provides a higher efficiency of air purification from relevant pollutants and a shorter commissioning time for plants.

The main element of the biofilter is the filtering layer, which ensures the sorption of the components of the purified air mixture and their subsequent destruction by microorganisms in this layer. Compost, peat, sawdust, vegetable peelings and other materials of natural origin containing minerals necessary for the nutrition of microorganisms are used as the material of the filtering layer. In this case, the optimum moisture content in the filter layer is 40 to 60% of the weight of the carrier material. The filtering layer can also contain various additives that improve its porosity (porous glass, porcelain or polyethylene granules) and sorption properties (activated carbon) and / or ensure the maintenance of a constant pH in the filtering layer (limestone, chalk).

The problem solved by the author is the creation of a mobile biofilter that increases the efficiency of biological gas purification.

The technical result is achieved by creating a mobile biofilter consisting of a standard rectangular waste container, the body of which has a drainage and distribution system in the lower part, which is made in the form of an air duct, standard drainage gutters and metal plates with holes. An overpressure valve is located in the roof of the housing. That allows you to evenly distribute the polluted air over all areas of the filtering layer. In the upper part there is a pipeline that distributes water or a composition with bacteria through nozzles. The moisture content of the filter composition is maintained at the same level due to the presence of moisture sensors.

The body of the mobile biofilter is made of a standard waste container. The garbage container has a loading loop, support rollers and hinged doors that allow loading (unloading) by one piece of equipment, a garbage truck. And it is carried out by one person, the driver of the garbage truck. Also, this design of the container allows unloading the filter layer directly from the truck on the principle of a dump truck, which speeds up the replacement of the filter layer.

The body of the mobile biofilter is insulated and has a heating system for the filter layer, the temperature of which should not fall below 15-18 ° C. This temperature is maintained and controlled by temperature sensors.

Mobile biofilter works as follows (Fig. 1). Gas purification is carried out, as a rule, with the use of an association of active strains of microorganisms of the genera placed in an inert material, which provide purification of waste gases from organic substances and nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and carbon oxides at the same time.

The container is loaded with inert material 4 through open gates 1 or through a removable roof 2. The gas to be cleaned is introduced through inlet 7, passes through the guides and goes up through the grids of the distribution box 10. Gradually rising through inert material 4, the contaminated gas is purified, biodegradation of the pollutant by the consortium occurs microorganisms to СО ₂ and water vapor (when cleaning gas from organic compounds). Gas purification takes place in cross-flow. To prevent the formation of anaerobic foci in the inert material 4, an overpressure valve 6 is installed in the removable roof. Thanks to it, the gas fills the entire volume of the container and enters all sections of the filter layer. To control all biochemical processes occurring in the biofilter, a modular block of sensors 5 is installed in it, which allows you to control the optimal conditions for the vital activity of bacteria and microorganisms. The feed solution enters the nozzles and is sprayed over the top of the inert material 4.

The location of the biofilter body in a standard garbage container 3 allows it to be transported mobile and quickly unloaded the spent filter layer and does not require any additional devices for its installation. The container is equipped with standard fasteners 9. The body of the container can be insulated and equipped with a heating system, which is necessary to create a favorable habitat for microorganisms and bacteria in the cold season. The container is also equipped with a non-purified gas outlet 8, this is done so that the biofilter can be connected to each other to increase productivity.

FIG. 1 depicts a layout diagram of the invention, which depicts:

1. Gate

2. Removable roof

3. Mobile biofilter housing

4. Filter layer

5. Modular sensor unit

6. Overpressure valve

7. Login

8. Exit

9. Mount

10. Junction box.

Claims (1)

Mobile biofilter (MBF), characterized by the fact that its body is made of an insulated garbage container with a loading loop, support rollers and swing doors, in the lower part of which there is a drainage and distribution system, which is made of standard drainage gutters, on top of which metal plates are installed with holes of different diameters, and it is also equipped with a filtering layer with microorganisms, a filtering layer irrigation system, a filtering layer heating system and has a removable roof in which an overpressure valve is installed, and the design of the biofilter body is made in such a way that it allows you to connect in parallel many biofilters for achieving optimal performance.

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