KR100468983B1 - Axial flux permanent magnet machines - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an axial magnetic flux permanent magnet device, in the construction of an axial magnetic flux permanent magnet device for low speed and high torque, it is replaced by a permanent magnet (M) without using a field winding used in a conventional rotary electric machine. And a yoke with a permanent magnet is a rotor, and the electric motor is a rotor fixed or supported on a rotating shaft (S), the rotor disk (D) used as one or more yokes, and the rotor disk. (D) is equipped with two or more permanent magnets (M) mounted on the stator, the stator is disposed with a permanent magnet (M) and a predetermined gap (Gap) and is supported or fixed on the rotating shaft (S) The armature winding body CL is disposed at least one orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotating shaft S, and the armature winding body CL is a coreless coreless core. D) Spirit of Top The magnetizer M constitutes a closed path in cooperation with the magnet M. The stator armature winding body CL to the rotor disk rotor D accommodate all the members and further include a braking device, a drive member, and the like. Characterized in that it is housed in a casing (C) that can be provided; By adopting coreless without using electric steel sheets, cores or slots stacked on the armature coils, it is easy to secure a space to increase the number of winding coils per volume of the armature winding CL and to reduce the stator thickness. It can be useful.

Description

Axial flux permanent magnet machines

The present invention relates to Axial Flux Permanent Magnet Machines, and more particularly, to improve the construction of a conventional permanent magnet motor and to use a permanent magnet of a high energy density, which is used in a conventional rotating machine of an electric machine. The present invention relates to the provision of a configuration that provides a compact and high performance electric motor in an application by using a coreless winding method that does not use electrical steel sheets, cores or slots stacked on the stator side.

Background Art Conventionally, various kinds of electric motors have been devised for use as a power source. Most of these conventional electric motors have a magnet in the radial direction, and are constructed using mutual magnetic force of magnetic flux and current generated by the magnet, thereby increasing the overall length and limiting the reduction of the width. Therefore, due to this problem, it is not easy to be mounted in a narrow space and should be provided with a connection mechanism in parallel or at right angles to the drive shaft. Therefore, the use of unnecessary members should increase the cost and secure the mounting space, thereby limiting the compactness. Had problems such as that.

The present invention relates to an improvement on a permanent magnet electric motor used as the power source described above, in which the form of the permanent magnet electric motor can be integrally formed with a driving wheel other than the radial type, which has been the mainstay of the permanent magnet electric motor in the past. Axial Flux Permanent Magnet (AFPM) permanent magnet motors are provided.

The axial flux permanent magnet electric machine (AFPM) of the present invention has a higher energy density and a shorter axial length than the conventional permanent magnet electric motor. Therefore, the inertia is small and small and light weight is possible, and is mainly used for computer peripherals and office equipment.

Motors used in various control mechanisms in recent years require a more compact, smaller, more precise, and more efficient configuration, and a high degree of direct controllability is required to meet these requirements.

In particular, in recent years, electric motors have been spotlighted as a pollution-free power source for wheelchairs, electric vehicles, and the like, and electric motors having a suitable configuration for such driving are required. The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing rapidly as the next generation of environmentally friendly, environmentally friendly motors.

There is also a need for development of a low speed and high torque motor that eliminates gears and has excellent controllability, which can replace the motor for speed reducer currently being used in combination with the gear for speed reducer.

Since the development of permanent magnet motors, the radial type permanent magnet motors, which have been dominant in all industries until now, have a long axial length and the rotational speed of the permanent magnet motors is about 1000 rpm to 3000 rpm,

In the case of the machine that requires low speed because it is not easy to control the speed, it is possible to increase the installation area and weight due to ancillary devices, increase the weight, reduce the efficiency, and maintain the inconvenience and energy. It has resulted in increased consumption.

In particular, in the case of an electric vehicle motor that requires small size and light weight, such as an electric wheel chair and an electric bicycle, an increase in the body weight is a barrier to commercialization.

The motor of the present invention, which eliminates such anxiety elements, is an axial flux brushless DC motor, which is a new concept that eliminates the necessity of gears. Extensive across.

Axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine has a cross section perpendicular to the axis, so that the torque of the permanent magnet motor is formed by the magnetic flux in the direction parallel to the axis, so the axial length is short and the width is narrow, so the output per unit weight is large. Efficient cooling is also possible.

In addition, since it can be integrated with the driving wheels such as wheels, it is possible to minimize the weight of the body when applied to an electric vehicle motor.In addition, since the armature of the motor is made of coreless type, it is possible to reduce the iron loss caused by the iron core. Of course, the weight reduction of the motor is thought to contribute a lot.

In particular, in recent years, the development of rare earth magnets (Nd-Fe-B) having a high energy density has accelerated the justification of such electric motor development.

An axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention is to provide a configuration having the above-described various advantages.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Fig. 1 is a front view and a longitudinal sectional view showing a basic principle configuration of an axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention.

2 is an overall block diagram of a drive system of an axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention;

3 is an exploded perspective view and a partial perspective view of an application portion showing one embodiment of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention;

4 is a partial side cross-sectional view of a two-dimensional shape of an axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention;

5 is an exemplary plan view of an assembled stator winding of an axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention.

6 is an exemplary configuration front view of a prototype of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention;

7 is a partial plan view of a photograph of a practical configuration showing the stator coil of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a comparison diagram of a portion of an axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention compared with a coin.

* Explanation of symbols for the main parts of the drawing * S: Rotating shaft D: Rotor disk (yoke)

CL: armature winding hull

C: Casing

M: Permanent Magnet

An axial flux permanent magnet electric device of the present invention devised to achieve the above object ; In the construction of an axial flux permanent magnet electric machine;

The armature winding of the stator is a stator fixed or supported on the rotating shaft S, and includes at least one rotor disk D and at least two permanent magnets mounted on the surface of the rotor disk D. M),

The stator has a permanent magnet (M) and a predetermined gap (Gap) is disposed and is supported or fixed on the rotating shaft (S) to the armature winding body (CL) orthogonal to the axial direction of the rotating shaft (S) One or more excreted,

The armature winding (CL) is a coreless type (coreless type) that does not use a laminated electrical steel sheet, core or slot to cooperate with the permanent magnet (M) on the rotor disk (D) to form a closed path It features.

Another configuration feature of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention is; The ratio of the area of the gaps G1 and G2 to the winding area with respect to the cross section of the permanent magnet M is constant,

The coreless stator is configured as a polygonal disk winding body and is formed by placing an armature coil winding body in a shape of a shaped resin compound, injecting and fixing the resin compound, and a plurality of stator armature winding bodies. Permanent magnets (M) attached to the plurality of rotor disks (D) corresponding to the spaced apart a certain distance and the magnetic poles facing each other is configured as the opposite pole.

The configuration and operation effects of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine according to the present invention will be described in more detail together with the accompanying drawings.

1 is a whole block diagram of the axial flux permanent magnet electric front view and showing the basic principle of configuration of a device that longitudinal section, Figure 2 is an axial flux of the composition of the invention the permanent magnet drive systems of electrical equipment of the present invention , Figure 3 is one embodiment of a diagram showing an exploded perspective view and the application portion a partial perspective view of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention, Figure 4 is a part of the two-dimensional body of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention side cross-section, Figure 5 is an exemplary plan view of the assembled rolled, and Fig. 6 is an exemplary configuration of a prototype of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention the front of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention, Fig. 7 is a partial plan view of a photograph of an actual configuration showing a stator coil of the present invention, and Fig. 8 is a comparison of a portion of an axial magnetic flux permanent magnet device of the present invention with a coin and its size Drawing.

The axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention is an axial magnetic flux permanent magnet motor (AFPM motor) in which the gap surface of the stator and the rotor of the permanent magnet motor component is perpendicular to the rotation axis. In the gap, magnetic flux in a direction parallel to the axis is generated.

Therefore, the axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention has a characteristic that torque is generated by the magnetic flux in the direction parallel to the axis and the winding current.

1 to 5, the configuration of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention is exemplarily described.

Figure 1 shows the basic configuration of the axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric apparatus of the present invention, the upper portion of the cross-sectional view on the right side of the figure is a state in which the casing (C) of the permanent magnet motor is removed, the lower portion is mounted to the casing (C) In half-sectional view, respectively.

Accordingly, the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention may allow the casing C to fix the rotating shaft S and mount the rotor according to the purpose of use, and vice versa. The rotating shaft S may be rotated. With such a configuration, the casing C itself is used as a wheel of the rotating body, so that the casing C itself can be easily applied to a driving body of various uses, for example, a wheelchair. On the contrary, the rotating shaft S may be driven by using the winding unit as a stator.

The configuration of the upper portion of the figure shows a form in which the rotating shaft (S) serves to support the rotating portion of the permanent magnet motor and fixed to the armature winding (CL) to be described later.

In particular, the rotating shaft (S) may be made in the form of a hollow core (V) to serve as a connector for connecting the lead wire drawn out after the connection of the permanent magnet motor winding through the hollow core (V) with an external power source.

The axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention is a conventional electric drive of the rotor disk (D) which serves as a yoke of a pair of fixed iron core is formed at a predetermined interval (G) fixedly mounted to the rotating shaft (S) It is attached to the shaft in a disk shape using a steel plate.

Moreover, the permanent magnet M for a rotor is attached to the inner facing surface of each pair of rotor disks D. As shown in FIG. The permanent magnet (M) has a through hole (1) at its center as shown in the figure, and is magnetized (magnetfied) with various shapes and magnetic poles. Done. The permanent magnet (M) is attached to the surface of the electrical steel sheet of the rotor disk (D) after magnetization in the form of poles and shapes corresponding to the designed capacity and number of revolutions. Permanent magnets are determined according to the purpose of the motor, the shape of the magnet can also have a variety of configurations, such as a form attached separately by multi-pole co-occupation or two-pole individual magnetization.

There are two types of permanent magnets (M) which are rotors, which are manufactured in a trapezoidal shape and magnetized in multiple poles.

As described above, when both sides of the armature winding (CL) are used, the amount of permanent magnets is increased due to the rotating disk (D) for permanent magnets, which are two rotors, but both sides of the conductor can be used at the same time. Can be designed.

2 is there shown the overall block diagram of the axial flux permanent magnet drive systems of electrical equipment, the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine when the direct-current power supply but applied is a DC motor powered by mechanical commutation with brush and commutator In other words, a driving system for applying DC power to each coil is required. The operation of the brushless DC motor is a sensor unit for detecting the position of the stator of the current rotor to convert the magnetic poles, a logic circuit unit performing sequential polarity changes to replace the commutator, and an inverter unit for supplying power to the motor. It is configured to apply the revolving power between the stator and the rotor by applying the sequential conversion of the magnetic pole to each coil of the stator winding.

Figure 4 shows the cross section of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine , the ratio of the area of the gap (G1, G2) and the winding area with respect to the cross section of the permanent magnet (M) can be represented as shown in the figure. In the figure, only the two poles which are part of the overall shape of the permanent magnet motor are shown.

In response, mounted in the casing (C) as a stator to impart a rotational force in cooperation with the permanent magnet (M), is configured as a fixed or rotary shaft (S) stator rolled (CL) rotor is fixed on, enough rotational force It is assembled after molding by high strength resin to endure, and the winding method is wound in a coreless concentric ring system without using an iron core.

In such a configuration, the rotor disk (D)-permanent magnet (M)-void (G1)-electric magnet winding body (CL) -void (G2)-permanent magnet (M)-rotor disk (D) on the rotating shaft (S) It is arranged in order of) and is housed in the casing (C) compactly.

Since the casing (C) serves to support the constituent parts of the various rotating bodies as the parts forming the outer shape of the electric motor, the casing (C) should be made of a high-strength and lightweight material, and if necessary, the drive and the control device ( (Not shown) may be built in, and a braking device may be attached to the outside of the casing (C) depending on the purpose (No. 10 in FIG. 3).

3 is an exploded view of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of this exemplary configuration. In the figure, 10 is applied to a wheelchair, a disc type brake device is to control the rotation as the drive switching lever (11) and the handle (12).

That is, A is a constituent member of the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention, and B exemplarily shows a component when applied to a wheelchair.

As described above, in the axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention, since the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet M of the rotor crosses both sides of the stator winding wound on the armature winding CL, the number of permanent magnets is Although increased, both sides of the conductor can be used simultaneously, allowing for the design of more efficient permanent magnet motors.

5 shows an exemplary configuration of the armature winding CL of the present invention.

The armature winding (CL) is a coreless core without an iron core, and as such, the magnetic flues path constitutes a closed closed flux.

In general, the motor is attached to the stator winding (CL), it is common to have a stator iron core to form a passage of the magnetic flux, but it is possible to reduce the motor loss (iron loss) because it is used in the coreless type without the stator iron core. It can also reduce the motor weight and shorter axial length. However, in this type, since there is no iron core in the center, if the poles of the permanent magnets facing each other are composed of the same poles (N-N, S-S), the leakage flux becomes very large and cannot be used.

Therefore, in the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention, which is coreless, the poles of the permanent magnets facing each other should be configured to be different poles NS.

5 shows a winding connection diagram without a core of the armature winding CL .

The winding of the permanent magnet motor was wound in a radial double winding to minimize cogging of the generated torque. The rotational speed and the operating voltage of the motor can also be converted by the serial and parallel connection of the winding.

A part of the shape of the winding of the armature winding body CL of the axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7 as a photograph.

The structure of the armature winding body CL, which is a stator, has a structure in which one winding is attached to only one side of the permanent magnet M on the yoke Y;

In the structure of the stator winding CL, the rotor disk D has two rotors by attaching the windings on both sides, and it is possible to have two rotors, and having the rotor on both sides can increase the output of the motor. Do.

Since the permanent magnet electric motor is coreless, the poles of the corresponding rotor permanent magnets must be different poles. The assembly of the windings connects the coils of each phase in series and the number of coils correlates to the coil diameter. The assembly method of winding is to insulate each phase with high strength insulating resin.

8 is an example configuration of the axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention, it can be seen that the axial length of the 500 W permanent magnet electric motor is smaller than a 100 won coin about 20 mm.

As described above, the axial flux permanent magnet electric device of the present invention may have a slim structure having a shorter axial length instead of a larger diameter than the RFPM (Radial Flux Permanent Magnet) permanent magnet motor. .

Therefore, the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine has an advantage that it is easy to be mounted in a place such as a permanent magnet motor for driving an electric vehicle by utilizing a slim structure, and can be applied in various fields.

In addition, the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine can easily dissipate the heat generated in the winding compared to the RFPM (radial motor) permanent magnet motor, it is easy to cool the permanent magnet motor. Therefore, more current can be applied as compared to the winding of the same capacity of the RFPM permanent magnet motor, which has the advantage of increasing the output per unit volume of the permanent magnet motor. That is, it is smaller and lighter than the RFPM permanent magnet motor of the same output.

Another advantage of the axial flux brushless DC motor is that it has a larger diameter than the RFPM permanent magnet motor, so it can be manufactured with a multipole rather than an RFPM permanent magnet motor. It is possible to use either the shaft or the frame as the rotating body depending on the arrangement of the.

As described above, the permanent magnet electric motor proposed in the axial flux permanent magnet electric machine of the present invention can be configured in a very compact length in the axial direction, and has various applications, and in response to various demands of the low speed high torque. It is an invention having a wide range of advantages such as can be produced.

Claims (5)

The armature winding of the stator is a stator fixed or supported on the rotating shaft S, and includes at least one yoke chain rotor disk D and two or more permanent magnets mounted on the rotor disk D surface. M), the stator is disposed with a permanent magnet (M) and a predetermined gap (Gap) and the armature winding body (CL) as a stator supported or fixed on the rotating shaft (S) the rotating shaft (S) An axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electrical apparatus having one or more arranged perpendicular to the axial direction of the; The armature winding body CL is configured as a coreless coil winding of a coreless type that does not employ a laminated electric steel sheet, core or slot, and the coil winding body is formed in a shape of a standardized resin compound. The rotor disk (D) is formed while maintaining the ratio of the area of the pores and the area of the armature winding (CL) between the cross sections of the permanent magnet (M) while maintaining a fixed body by injecting and fixing the resin compound. Axial magnetic flux permanent magnet electrical equipment, characterized in that to form a closed circuit in cooperation with the permanent magnet (M) on the). delete The method of claim 1, Axial direction characterized in that the permanent magnets (M) attached to the plurality of rotor disks (D) corresponding to the plurality of stator armature winding body has a certain distance of air gaps and the magnetic poles facing each other are configured as opposite poles. Magnetic flux permanent magnet equipment. delete delete