KR100436105B1 - Electronic Equipment Raising an Alarm and Controlling Overspeed - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an electronic alarm that prevents a car crash.It aims to bring out the harmful attention of the driver, which is one of the main causes of the car accident, and to automatically control the car in case of an emergency to prevent the crash. do.

Infrared, by detecting obstacles and measuring the distance, and the stopping distance data derived from the driving speed at the start of the stop, the risk of collision with the obstacle is determined so that the obstacle is located within the range of the collision. In case of emergency, the alarm is sounded by warning lights and warning sounds, and in urgent cases, it automatically controls the prime mover to compensate for the driver's mistake. .

Because of the structure of detecting obstacles by infrared rays, it is possible to prevent contact or collision accidents in normal weather as well as bad weather or rainy weather.

Description

Electronic Equipment Raising an Alarm and Controlling Overspeed

It alerts when an obstacle is within the danger range of a collision, and when the danger is excessive, it relates to an electronic alarm that controls the power to prevent an accident.

Car crash accidents are directly related to life, and many studies have been conducted.

'Automatic seat reversing device in car crash' (Sil-1996-068801) is designed to prevent injuries by preventing the seat and body of passengers from getting caught in the cab structure when the car crashes. 'Car occupant safety devices by displacement correction' (Team-1997-048991) has been studied for similar purposes and contents.

The above studies can be categorized into areas that minimize the loss of life after the accident. The most widely known method of this is to install an airbag, and since these are emergency measures taken after the accident, the vehicle is a measure after the damage has already been made, and if the speed is excessive, it is almost useless.

'Rear view device using glass fiber' (20-1999-0016131) is a study to prevent accidents by visually identifying obstacles on the rear of the car through glass fiber and taking action. This study is the purpose and method of taking proactive measures to prevent accidents. GM Korea uses a Cadillac Devil 2000 infrared camera to detect people or objects that do not fit into the driver's field of vision and to illuminate the image in front of the driver's seat, allowing the driver to see the image and avoid accidents. It has been announced that it will be installed.

Unlike the former method, the latter method is an active method in that the driver can prevent the accident by controlling the car before the accident occurs by viewing the image reflected in front of the electronic device.

The cause of a car crash can be roughly attributed to accidents caused by others and lack of attention from the driver. Because of the human nature, intermittent distraction is inevitable, so it is impossible to prevent accidents only by subjective judgment of the driver. By devising an aggressive method that detects obstacles in an objective and mechanical way and alerts the driver in a stimulating way that the driver can awaken, and automatically controls the speed of the car to prevent accidents in advance. need.

Projecting an image of the obstacle onto the driver's face, such as night vision, may be a way of preventing accidents, but looking at the screen while driving means another distraction, and the image identifies the perspective of the obstacle. Given this ambiguity and the fact that temporary unconsciousness, such as drowsiness or distraction of attention, can be the cause of an accident, preventing a crash from relying solely on the driver's arbitrary and subjective judgments is of low reliability.

The driving speed of the car has the stop distance plus the gongju distance and the braking distance which should be referred to when stopping.

Case 1; Relationship between driving speed and stopping distance (based on passenger car)

Travel Speed / Stop Distance // Travel Speed / Stop Distance // Travel Speed / Stop Distance

20km / h 9m 30km / h 15m 40km / h 22m

50km / h 32m 60km / h 44m 70km / h 58m

80km / h 76m 90km / h 93m 100km / h 112m

(National Police Agency supervision / driver's license department textbook / 97.7.20 / Korea Automotive Academy Association / municipal publishing company)

In the case of stopping or slowing to avoid obstacles, the stopping distance inherent in the traveling speed at the time of starting the stopping or slowing should be taken into consideration so that there is little deviation in the actual situation. In particular, when mechanically configured to warn of danger and control the driving speed, there is a need for the implementation of an alarm that is highly reliable, inexpensive, and simple to handle and that can be accepted by the public.

Fig. 1. Top view of the outline Fig. 2. Front view of the outline

Figure 3. Rear view of the outline Figure 4. Side perspective view

Fig. 5. Inside perspective view Fig. 6. Inside perspective view

Fig. 7. Principle of electronic circuit Fig. 8. Principle of distance measurement

<Description of Drawing>

1-x .. Relay Regulator (Resistor) 2-x .. Relay Configuration

3-x .. diode 4-x .. photo-diode

4-7a. Connection terminal 5-x .. Inverter

6-1 .. Green traffic light 6-2 .. Yellow warning light

6-3 .. orange warning light 6-4 .. red warning light

7-1 .. buzzer 7-2 .. buzzer

8 ... relay 9 ... speedometer

10. Speed sensor connection terminal 11. Motor ignition distributor

12. Engine drive path connector 13. Infrared condenser lens

14 .. Infrared Light Emitting Diode

15. Infrared radiation window 16. Amplifier

17 .. Power switch 18. Electronic circuit block

19 .. Air outlet 20 .. Distance measurement formula

(X-x) is the symbol that represents the same kind.

The principle of preventing the car crash accident by mechanical and objective method is to reconstruct the data of the distance from obstacles by infrared rays and the stopping distance data derived from the driving speed when the car starts to stop. It is a method of warning by danger and prompting the driver to control the driving speed of the vehicle, and limiting the speed by automatically controlling the prime mover when the degree of danger is exceeded. (Hereinafter referred to as 'infrared alarm')

An overview of the construction and operation of the infrared alarm is that when the infrared radiation emitted by the infrared emitter is reflected from an obstacle and is focused on the photodiode by a condenser lens, the photodiode receives an H active signal supplied as a stop distance data through a relay and a diode. By converting into an active signal, the L active signal input inverter (hereinafter simply referred to as an 'inverter') relays a signal to a warning light and a horn for each type to alert and control.

In the case of passenger cars, the driving speed is 100km / w, referring to Article 17, 'Safety Distance' of the Road Traffic Act, Article 15, Compliance with Speed and Legal Speed, and Article 12, Speed and Safety Distance on Highways. When h was outside 100m at h, the safety distance was used.

Derivation of the stopping distance is performed by setting the relay in 5 steps (2-x) and adjusting regulator (1-x) installed in the relay so that a specific relay (2-x) is selected by the strength of the current generated in proportion to the driving speed of the vehicle. ) By differentially adjusting (Fig. 7), the corresponding relay (2-x) is selected according to the traveling speed of the vehicle and relaying active signals to the photodiode (4-x) and the inverter (5-x). The active signal is used to represent the stopping distance.

The selective operation of the relay 2-x is performed by the electric power generated according to the driving speed of the vehicle, that is, in accordance with the 'correspondence relationship between the relay and the traveling speed of the vehicle' (Example 2). It is performed by adjusting the adjuster 1-x attached to x). However, the relationship between the relay and the speed of the vehicle (case 2) and the distance between the photodiode and the obstacle (case 3) are based on the relationship between driving speed and stopping distance (case 1). It is not officially recognized as it is a data prepared by private car and by personal experience and experiment. In practice, the relay stage and the dividing stage of the driving speed should be adjusted differently according to the length and length of the stopping distance, which are different depending on various characteristics such as the type, size and weight of the vehicle.

The above design is a configuration for extracting the 'utility stop distance' in order to ensure reliability and practicality.

Case 2; Correspondence between relay and vehicle speed

Relay / Travel Speed // Relay / Travel Speed

2-4a = 130 km / h or more 2-4b = 100 km / h to 130 km / h

2-3 = 70 km / h to 100 km / h 2-2 = 40 km / h to 70 km / h

2-1 = 10 km / h to 40 km / h

'Relationship between relay and vehicle's driving speed (case 2)' relay 2-1 relays when the vehicle is traveling between 10km / h and 40km / h, and the driving speed is 40km / h. When it is over h, relay 2-2 operates to relay and when traveling speed is over 70km / h, relay 2-3 operates to relay. When the driving speed is over 100km / h, relay 2-4b operates to relay, and when it exceeds 130km / h, 2-4a operates to relay.

The photodiode 4-x is a device for measuring the distance to the obstacle and at the same time reconstructs the stop distance to determine the degree of danger of collision with the obstacle and relays the signal. (FIGS. 7, 8).

Case 3; Distance correspondence between photodiode and obstacle

4-1 = 120 m or more, 4-2 = 100 m to 120 m, 4-3 = 80 m to 100 m,

4-4 = 60m to 80m, 4-5 = 40m to 60m, 4-6 = 20m to 40m, 4-7 = 0m to 20m

For example, `` Distance correspondence between photodiode and obstacle (case 3) '' is an example. Photodiode 4-2 is photoconductive by infrared rays reflected from obstacle within 100m ~ 120m, and photodiode 4-4 is 60m Photoconductive action by infrared rays reflected from obstacles within ˜80m, and photodiode 4-6 means photoconductive action by infrared rays reflected from obstacles within 20m to 40m.

The principle of the arrangement of the photodiode 4-x, the detection of the obstacle, and the distance measurement with the obstacle will be described with reference to the principle diagram of distance measurement (FIG. 8).

The axis of infrared radiation emitted by the infrared emitter 14 is referred to as 'L', and when the infrared condenser lens 13 and the photodiode 4-x are disposed perpendicular to the axis 'L' of the radiation infrared ray, the infrared condenser lens ( 13) the axis 'S', the focus of the reflected infrared light 'P', the distance between the focus 'P' and the condenser lens 13 'F', the focus 'P' and the axis 'S' of the condenser lens 13 When the distance between 'T' and the focal point 'P' and the distance between the axis 'L' of the infrared emitter 14 is 'W', the distance 'L' between obstacles is established by trigonometry. .

L = 1 / TWF ---- (20)

According to the position of 'T' corresponding to the distance to the obstacle, that is, the photodiode 4-x corresponding to the distance to the obstacle at the focal point P made by the condenser lens 13, When the infrared ray D reflected from the obstacle by the condenser lens 13 is focused on the photodiode 4-x corresponding to the distance to the obstacle (P), the photodiode 4-x is derived from the traveling speed. When the H active signal supplied to the connected diode (3-x) among the H active signals supplied to the entire diode (3-x) as the stop distance data is selectively converted to the L active signal by the photoconductive effect, When the signal is extracted by combining the distance between the obstacle and the distance (actual stop distance), it is relayed to the alarms 6-x and 7-x by the active signal input inverter (5-x), and the alarm is activated by operating the alarm. Call attention. If the degree of danger is excessive, power is prevented by switching off the power supply by operating the relay 8 connected before the ignition of power. (Figure 7)

An example of the operation of the relay will be described in more detail with reference to the correspondence between the relay and the traveling speed of the vehicle (case 2) and the principle diagram of the electronic circuit (FIG. 7). In the case of 100 km / h, the moving horses 'c' of the relays 2-1 and 2-2 are connected to the contact 'a' by the electric power generated according to the vehicle's driving speed (power to operate the speedometer) (Fig. 7). The signal is relayed to the diode 3-x associated with the relay 2-3 by the upper relay 2-3. (Hereinafter, when the vehicle is in this environment, that is, when the vehicle is traveling at 70 km / h to 100 km / h, the path of the signal according to the obstacle's perspective is referred to as 'the distance correspondence relationship between the photodiode and the obstacle'. 3) and `` by driving speed, distance to obstacle, active signal path and warning list '' (case 4) are as follows.

When the obstacle approaches 120m, the reflected infrared light is condensed on the photodiode 4-1 (case 3), and when the H active signal of the associated diode 3-1 is converted into the L active signal by the photoconductive effect, the associated inverter 5- 1 acts to light the green traffic light 6-1 and signal that the vehicle is in a safe environment (FIG. 7).

When an obstacle approaches within 100 m to 120 m, the reflected infrared light is focused on the photodiode 4-2 (case 3), and when the H active signal of the diode 3-2 linked by the photoconductive effect is converted into an L active signal, Inverter 5-1 acts to illuminate green traffic light 6-1 and signal that the vehicle is in a safe environment (FIG. 7).

When an obstacle approaches within 80 m to 100 m, the reflected infrared light is focused on the photodiode 4-3 (case 3), and when the H active signal of the diode 3-3 linked by the photoconductive effect is converted into an L active signal, The associated inverter 5-2 acts to illuminate the yellow warning light 6-2, warn that an obstacle is approaching, and urge attention to the operation (Fig. 7).

When an obstacle approaches within 60 m to 80 m, the reflected infrared light is condensed on the photodiode 4-4 (case 3), and when the H active signal of the diode 3-4 linked by the photoconductive effect is converted into an L active signal, The associated inverter 5-3 acts to light the orange warning lamp 6-3 and warn of danger. At the same time, the low horn 7-1 also warns with sound and urges you to take actions such as slow motion (Figure 7).

When an obstacle approaches within 40 m to 60 m, the reflected infrared light is condensed on the photodiode 4-5 (case 3), and when the H active signal of the diode 3-5 associated with the photoconductive effect is converted into an L active signal, The associated inverter 5-4 acts to activate the red warning light (6-4) and the treble horn (7-2) to warn of the danger of a collision and to call for safeguards such as slowing or stopping. At the same time, by operating the relay 8 inserted into the electric path connected before the ignition of the prime mover, the drive electric path 12 of the prime mover is cut off to disable the power function (engine brake) to control the traveling speed. Take safety measures to prevent collisions (Figure 7).

If the obstacle is approaching within 20m to 40m, the only difference is that the reflected infrared light is condensed on the photodiode 4-6 and converts the active signal of the associated diode 3-6. Same as the case (FIG. 7).

Photodiode 4-7, which operates at a distance of 0m to 20m, is a device that warns of danger when an obstacle exists within 20m ahead. (Example 3) Infrared emitter and photodiode are separately installed at the rear terminal 4-7a. When the vehicle is stationary or when reversing, if there is an obstacle within 10m, or if the vehicle passing by the vehicle approaches within 30m of the rear, the H active signal of the connected diode 3-7 is converted into L active signal. Inverter 5-3 operates the orange warning light (6-3) and the low sound warning warning (7-1) to warn the user of caution, while the rear fog light flashes to signal danger to the car behind. (FIG. 7)

When the traveling speed is 100 km / h to 130 km / h, the movable horseshoe 'c' of the relays 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 is connected to the contact 'a', and the movable horseshoe 'c' of the relay 2-4 'Adjusts the regulator (1-x) to be connected to the contact' b '(Fig. 7), so that the stopping distance information inherent in the traveling speed of 100 km / h to 130 km / h is 2-4 diodes (3-x). (Example 2) The action of the photodiode (4-x) and the inverter (5-x) according to the distance to the obstacle, and the warning light (6-x) and the horn (7-x) Operation is omitted in the case of the above-mentioned driving speed of 70 km / h to 100 km / h. (Example 4)

If the traveling speed exceeds 130 km / h, the active signal is transmitted to the red warning light (6-4) via relays 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4a, 5-5, 5-4. In connection with the treble horn (7-2) to warn of danger, and operates the relay (8) inserted in the drive electric path of the prime mover to control the power of the prime mover. It is a configuration for limiting excessive driving speed.

The operation of the infrared alarm according to the distance to the obstacle by driving speed is summarized as follows.

Case 4; List of Active Signal Paths and Warnings by Driving Speed, Distance to Obstacles

Path over 130 km / h (Warning)

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4a, 5-5, 5-4, 6-4, 7-2, 8 (Danger, Red, Treble, Stop)

Path in the case of 100 km / h to 130 km / h (Warning)

More than 120m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4b, 3-1, 4-1, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

100 m to 120 m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4b, 3-2, 4-2, 5-2, 6-2 (Attention, Yellow)

80 m to 100 m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4b, 3-3, 4-3, 5-3, 6-3, 7-1 (boundary, orange, bass)

60 m to 80 m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4b, 3-4, 4-4, 5-4, 6-4, 7-2, 8 (Danger, Red, Treble, Stop)

40m-60m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4b, 3-5, 4-5, 5-4, 6-4, 7-2, 8 (Danger, Red, Treble, Stop)

20 m to 40 m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 2-4b, 3-6, 4-6, 5-4, 6-4, 7-2, 8 (Danger, Red, Treble, Stop)

Path in the case of 70 km / h to 100 km / h (warning)

More than 120m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 3-1, 4-1, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

100 m to 120 m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 3-2, 4-2, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

80 m to 100 m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 3-3, 4-3, 5-2, 6-2 (Attention, Yellow)

60 m to 80 m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-4, 5-3, 6-3, 7-1 (boundary, orange, bass)

40m-60m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 3-5, 4-5, 5-4, 6-4, 7-2, 8 (Danger, Red, Treble, Stop)

20 m to 40 m

2-1, 2-2, 2-3, 3-6, 4-6, 5-4, 6-4, 7-2, 8 (Danger, Red, Treble, Stop)

Path at 40 km / h to 70 km / h (Warning)

More than 120m

2-1, 2-2, 3-1, 4-1, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

100 m to 120 m

2-1, 2-2, 3-2, 4-2, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

80 m to 100 m

2-1, 2-2, 3-3, 4-3, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

60 m to 80 m

2-1, 2-2, 3-4, 4-4, 5-2, 6-2 (Attention, Yellow)

40m-60m

2-1, 2-2, 3-5, 4-5, 5-3, 6-3, 7-1 (boundary, orange, bass)

20 m to 40 m

2-1, 2-2, 3-6, 4-6, 5-4, 6-4, 7-2, 8 (Danger, Red, Treble, Stop)

Path at 10 km / h to 40 km / h (Warning)

More than 120m

2-1, 3-1, 4-1, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

100 m to 120 m

2-1, 3-2, 4-2, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

80 m to 100 m

2-1, 3-3, 4-3, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

60 m to 80 m

2-1, 3-4, 4-4, 5-1, 6-1 (safety, green)

40m-60m

2-1, 3-5, 4-5, 5-2, 6-2 (Attention, Yellow)

20 m to 40 m

2-1, 3-6, 4-6, 5-3, 6-3, 7-1 (boundary, orange, bass)

0m to 20m (front surveillance 4-7 / rear surveillance 4-7a)

2-1, 3-7, 4-7, 4-7 (a), 5-3, 6-3, 7-1 (boundary, orange, bass)

The method of automatically controlling the vehicle and avoiding the risk of collision is a method performed in an emergency, and the path between the primary coil (low voltage current winding) of the ignition coil and the power source, which is a preliminary stage of the distributor, The relay 8 is inserted into the relay to operate the relay by electric power when the vehicle is over-speeded to cut off the electric path for the ignition of the prime mover to disable the power to prevent the risk of slow or stop. In the case of a diesel engine, a diesel engine is inserted into the electronic circuit 12 of an electronically controlled diesel injection device (EDC) and the injection of the fuel is stopped by operating the relay 8 by the electric power when the vehicle is overspeed. By disabling the output, the risk is prevented in advance by slow or stop.

The alarm that alerts attention is divided into four stages and is signaled by a warning light and a warning sound. (Example 4) The first is an absolute crisis. The red light (6-4) is turned on and the high horn (7-2) is hit. It warns of the immediate crisis and also indicates that the prime mover is in powerlessness. Second, just before the danger, the orange warning light 6-3 is turned on and the low horn 7-1 is activated and urgently warns. The third is a step that requires attention, and lights a yellow warning light 6-2. The fourth step is the safe state, which lights up the green traffic light 6-1 and indicates that the alarm is operating normally.

The above-described configuration of the infrared alarm is shown in principle and configuration in a simple and theoretical form in order to facilitate understanding and expression, and is not proposed by them. For example, it can be seen that the relay can be easily replaced by a solid-state relay, and the configuration of the photodiode for measuring the distance to the obstacle can be replaced by a semiconductor position sensing device, and the subdivision of the risk. The number of relays can be adjusted for this purpose, and it is possible to utilize various other relays and integrated circuits, to integrate and separate the light receiving device and the light emitting device, such as forming a binary system by separating the infrared radiation device and the light receiving device. . Thus, the claims include equivalents other than those described above that fall within the scope of this construction.

When the distance between obstacles is measured by infrared rays and the circuit that derives the stopping distance from the driving speed, the risk is determined by the practical stopping distance, and the warning light and the warning sound alert the danger and call attention. In order to maintain the safety distance by controlling the power of the prime mover has the following advantages.

1. As it is an obstacle detection system by infrared rays, it detects and alerts to obstacles that are invisible to the driver's eyes and detects obstacles even in bad weather or at night to prevent the risk of collision.

2. Even if the obstacle is approached within the stopping distance due to illusion or optical illusion, it is objective and effective because it prevents collision accidents by mechanical methods such as warning of danger and automatic speed control.

3. The accidents caused by mental hazards such as drowsy driving, distractions and interruptions are awakened by stimulating alarms to prevent accidents.

4. You may not be able to drive above the barred speed.

5. Reliability is high due to the mechanically warning of the danger by objective data, and it is easy to deal with the signal in a complicated traffic environment. Your response will be high.

Claims (3)

The combination of a circuit that detects obstacles and measures distance with infrared rays and a circuit that extracts a practical stop distance from the driving speed determines the risk of collision with an obstacle and warns with an irritating sound and light signal according to the risk of collision. An electronic alarm that draws the attention of the driver and prevents a collision accident by automatically controlling the power of the prime mover when there is an urgent risk of speeding or collision. In extracting the practical stopping distance according to claim 1, in consideration of the weight of the car and the road environment, the allowable traveling speed of the car is divided into a predetermined step area and a relay 2-x is arranged for each area to drive the vehicle. The power generated in proportion to the speed operates the relay in the area corresponding to the driving speed and relays the active signal, which makes the active signal representative of the current driving speed and becomes the practical stopping distance, thereby reducing the risk of collision. To determine the electronic circuit. In determining the risk of collision according to claim 1, by branching and combining the circuit 4-x for measuring the distance to the obstacle and the circuit 2-x for deriving the practical stopping distance from the traveling speed (Fig. 7), By classifying the distance data with obstacles (Fig. 8) according to the practical driving speed data (3-x) of the vehicle, it is possible to determine the degree of danger that may collide by linking the distance with the obstacles and the driving speed. Electronic circuit.