KR100376205B1 - Combustion enhancement method and combustor using the same - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: A method for improving combustion and a burner using the same are provided to reduce gaseous or particulate pollution. CONSTITUTION: A burner includes a combustion chamber body(1) formed mainly with fireproof material; a post-process unit(2) connected with the combustion chamber body; a fuel supplying unit(3) installed on a fixed location of the combustion chamber to supply fuel; an air supplying unit(4) installed on a fixed location of the combustion chamber to supply air; an ignition unit(5) installed on a fixed location of the combustion chamber to ignite; porous ceramic material installed on a fixed location of the combustion chamber or a front channel of the post-process unit; a porous ceramic material supporting and rotating unit(7); and a combustion chamber pressure controlling weight(8) attached to the porous ceramic material supporting and rotating unit.

Description

Combustion Enhancement Method and Combustor Using the Method {COMBUSTION ENHANCEMENT METHOD AND COMBUSTOR USING THE SAME}

The present invention provides a method of placing porous ceramic material in the combustion chamber or in the first half of the aftertreatment apparatus in order to reduce generation of harmful pollutants generated during combustion and increase combustion efficiency, and to allow all flows to pass through the porous ceramic material. A combustion apparatus using the method.

In the combustion of coal, oil and other materials, gaseous materials and particulate matter such as soot and dust occur simultaneously. Among them, the particulate matter may be removed or processed during the post-treatment apparatus after being produced in the combustion chamber, but in this case, the size of the post-treatment apparatus may increase, which may cause many problems. The best treatment method is preferably to remove all particulate matter from the combustion chamber by passing it through the hot zone in the combustion chamber as soon as it is produced. However, because the flow state in the combustion chamber changes with the operating state and time, it is difficult to know the location of the hot zone accurately, and in order to create a hot zone in this state, a large amount of fuel must be injected, and the local hot zone and the cold zone are localized. This can be the existing combustion chamber.

The problems of the combustor and combustion method that are conventionally used are as follows.

First, tar component particles, unburned dust particles, soot particles, etc. generated in the combustion chamber are discharged from the combustion chamber as they are and do not pass through the high temperature combustion reaction zone, and flow into the aftertreatment apparatus. Not only are these particulate materials themselves harmful, they also serve as catalysts to regenerate harmful toxic substances such as dioxins in the low temperature region of the aftertreatment device. In addition, when a large amount of such particulate matter occurs and is introduced into a post-treatment device such as a boiler, it is deposited on the device to reduce heat transfer efficiency, or it is not economical to enlarge and maintain the device.

Second, when the composition and flow rate of the fuel gas supplied to the combustion chamber are not constant and change, the combustion state in the combustion chamber becomes unstable, and fuel must be frequently added to maintain a constant combustion chamber temperature.

Third, particulate materials such as unburned gas, tar-based particles, unburned dust, and soot should be completely burned while passing through the high temperature combustion zone. Is impossible. In the actual combustion chamber, high and low temperature areas where combustion is actively progressed, nitrogen oxides (NOx) are more likely to be generated in the high temperature areas where combustion reactions are concentrated, and unburned gases such as carbon monoxide (CO) and the like in the low temperature areas. The particle component is likely to be produced.

The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to reduce the harmful pollutants in the gas or particulate state generated and discharged in the combustion chamber, and a method capable of sustaining combustion stably and efficiently To provide a combustor using the method.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a combustion method and a combustor using the method, which can reduce the amount of fuel used in the combustion chamber and take into account the economy of miniaturization and maintenance of the aftertreatment device.

1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of the combustor according to the present invention,

2 is a cross-sectional view showing a second embodiment of the combustor according to the present invention;

3 is a cross-sectional view showing a third embodiment of the combustor according to the present invention;

4 is a sectional view showing a fourth embodiment of the combustor according to the present invention.

* Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawing

1: combustion chamber body 2: aftertreatment device

3: fuel supply 4: air supply

5: ignition device 6: porous ceramic material

7: porous ceramic material support and rotating device

8: Weight Control Weight

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is the combustion chamber body mainly composed of refractory; A post-treatment device connected to the combustion chamber body (combustion chamber rear end devices and facilities including boilers, dust collectors, exhaust gas purifiers, manned blowers, stacks, etc.); A fuel supply device installed at a predetermined position of the combustion chamber body to supply fuel; An air supply device installed at a predetermined position of the combustion chamber body to supply combustion air; An ignition device installed at a predetermined position of the combustion chamber body to cause ignition; Porous ceramic material which is installed at a predetermined position of the combustion chamber or the first half of the after-treatment apparatus; Apparatus for supporting and rotating the porous ceramic material; Weight weight for adjusting the combustion chamber pressure attached to the apparatus for supporting and rotating the porous ceramic material It provides a combustor comprising a.

In another aspect, the present invention comprises the steps of placing the porous ceramic material at a predetermined position in the combustion chamber or the first half of the after-treatment apparatus flow path, so that all the flow passes through the porous ceramic material; Filtering and burning particulate matter such as dust contained in the flow while passing through the porous ceramic material; A method of maintaining a constant combustion chamber condition in accordance with the excellent heat storage performance of the porous ceramic material.

In another aspect, the present invention comprises the step of allowing the porous ceramic material to rotate because the pressure of the combustion chamber is increased when the dust in the flow to the porous ceramic material is excessive; When the combustion chamber pressure is low, the porous ceramic material can be supported against the pressure of the flow, and when the pressure is high, providing a method comprising the step of installing a pressure adjustment weight to rotate. Instead of using the pressure adjusting weight, it is also possible to set the combustion chamber allowable pressure by setting a constant torque to the support and the rotating device.

And when the porous ceramic material is installed obliquely with respect to the flow path

Instead of installing the pressure adjusting weight, the weight of the porous ceramic material itself may be used instead. The porous ceramic material may be installed in any area of the combustion chamber, but it is preferable to install the porous ceramic material as close to the high temperature area as possible. This is because when the porous ceramic material is installed in a low temperature region and when there is a large amount of particulate matter in the flow, the particulate matter is not completely burned and accumulates so that the combustion chamber pressure is easily increased so that the porous ceramic material rotates, thus leaving the original installation purpose. Because there is a number.

Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings, preferred embodiments of the present invention that can specifically realize the above object will be described.

1 is a cross-sectional view showing an embodiment to which the present invention is applied. Referring to this, a method of applying a porous ceramic material to an inside or an outlet of a combustion chamber and a combustor using the method will be described below.

The combustor is mainly composed of a combustion chamber body 1 mainly composed of refractory materials and a post-treatment device 2 including a boiler, a dust collector, an exhaust gas purifier, a manned blower, a stack, and the like connected to the body. The combustion chamber body 1 has a shape of two combustion chambers, and at a predetermined position, a fuel supply device 3 for injecting fuel when the temperature is lower than a setting, an air supply device 4 for combustion in the combustion chamber, and Ignition devices 5 for ignition are located respectively.

The porous ceramic material 6 is supported by the support and rotation device 7 at a predetermined position inside the combustion chamber body 1 or in the first half of the aftertreatment device 2. The support and rotation device 7 is because the combustion chamber body 1 may explode when particulate matter such as soot and dust adheres to the porous ceramic material 6 and cannot accumulate and accumulates continuously so that the combustion chamber pressure becomes high. In order to prevent this, it is preferable not to deform even under high temperature by using a material made of a ceramic material or a ceramic coating. In order to prevent the pressure inside the combustion chamber body 1 from rotating below a set pressure, the weight adjusting weight 8 is attached to the support and the rotating device 7. Combustion chamber allowable pressure can be set by adjusting the weight of the pressure regulating weight 8. Instead of using the pressure adjusting weight 8, the pressure may be set by setting a constant reverse torque to the support and rotation device 8.

Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the application of porous ceramic material according to the present invention, in which there is only one combustion chamber in the combustion chamber body 1 and a combustor characterized by placing the porous ceramic material 6 on the outlet side of the combustion chamber. .

FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the application of porous ceramic material according to the invention, characterized in that at least two of the porous ceramic materials 6 are positioned.

Fig. 4 shows another embodiment of the application of porous ceramic material according to the invention, characterized in that two or more of the porous ceramic materials 6 are separated so that one is fixed and only one is rotatable.

The operation of the combustor to which the porous ceramic material 6 is applied according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. 1.

When the combustor is operated under normal conditions, the gas, liquid or solid substance of the fuel component is led to the combustion chamber and combusted using the air supplied from the air supply device 4 as the oxidant. The burned gas, unburned gas and particles pass through the porous ceramic material 6 and the particulate component is filtered out, and only the gas component passes. The filtered particulate material is burned in contact with the porous ceramic material 6 in which the reaction proceeds and is combusted by the porous ceramic material 6 which maintains a high temperature state, and unburned gas is also maintained in a high temperature state.

When the temperature of the porous ceramic material 6 is kept low, and when a large amount of particulate matter accumulates, the gas flow path is blocked and the combustion chamber pressure is gradually increased to support the porous ceramic material 6 in an abnormal state operation above a set pressure. The porous ceramic material 6 is rotated by the supporting and rotating device 7 which rotates. Thus, the combustion chamber pressure is reduced and returned to its original state as the pressure decreases. In this case, in order to combust the accumulated particles, it is preferable to supply fuel from the fuel supply device 3 and combust it.

The porous ceramic material 6 is suitable to be made of a ceramic having a material property that is not severely cracked even at high temperatures, but when it is difficult to manufacture it, a metal material capable of ceramic coating may be used. In addition, since the porous ceramic material 6 has a porosity of 50% or more, the flow pressure loss is not large, and it is preferable that the porous ceramic material 6 has a cross section through which all the flow can pass. You may also

It is also preferred that the porous ceramic material 6 is located in or near the hot combustion zone, if possible, so as to be in a high temperature state for the combustion of the accumulating particles.

When the porous ceramic material 6 is maintained at a high temperature, the combustion chamber temperature may be changed even if the amount of fuel component and composition and amount of air supplied are changed due to the excellent heat storage and radiant heat transfer characteristics of the porous ceramic material 6. It doesn't show a sudden change and the temperature changes slowly, which can greatly help the operation of the combustor.

Referring to the effects of the present invention described above are as follows.

First, when the porous ceramic material is placed in the combustion chamber and all the flow passes through the porous ceramic material in the high temperature state, the generated tar, unburned dust, and soot particles are completely reacted as they pass through the high temperature region. The production and release of harmful substances is reduced. Therefore, the post-treatment apparatus can be miniaturized.

Second, although the composition and amount of the supplied fuel is not constant, the combustion state becomes unstable in the combustion chamber, and in order to maintain a constant combustion chamber state, the fuel has to be frequently added. However, when using the method of the present invention, the porous ceramic Due to its excellent radiant heat transfer and heat storage properties, fuel input is significantly reduced. In addition, as all flows pass through the porous ceramic material, it is possible to design the combustor without knowing the type of flow in the combustion chamber.

Third, when using the method proposed in the present invention, because of the excellent radiant heat transfer characteristics of the porous ceramic material, the heat transfer amount is increased, thereby reducing the temperature variation of the combustion chamber, thereby reducing the low temperature region. This reduces emissions of hazardous toxic substances such as carbon monoxide and dioxins, which can be produced at low temperatures.

Claims (7)

A combustion chamber body having at least one combustion chamber composed of refractory materials; A post-processing device connected to the combustion chamber body; A fuel supply device, an air supply device, and an ignition device respectively installed in the combustion chamber body; At least one porous ceramic material installed in the combustion chamber; And a support and a rotating device for rotatably supporting the porous ceramic material. The combustor according to claim 1, wherein at least one porous ceramic material through which flow passes is further provided at a predetermined position of the first half flow path of the aftertreatment device. delete Positioning the porous ceramic material in at least one of the interior of the combustion chamber and the first half flow path of the aftertreatment device to allow flow to pass through the porous ceramic material; Filtering and burning particulate matter contained in the flow while passing through the porous ceramic material; Maintaining a constant combustion chamber state using heat storage performance of the porous ceramic material; When the particulate material passing through the porous ceramic material is excessively accumulated in the porous ceramic material and the combustion chamber pressure is high, the porous ceramic material rotates. When the combustion chamber pressure is low, the porous ceramic material rotates with respect to the flow. A method of improving combustion, comprising a step of adjusting the pressure so as not to. delete The combustor according to claim 1, wherein the support and the rotating device are provided with a pressure weight to adjust the combustion chamber allowable pressure. The combustor according to claim 1, wherein the support and the rotating device are installed in the combustion chamber in a state where a constant reverse torque is applied, so that the combustion chamber allowable pressure can be set.