KR100371485B1 - Fishway construction method for Dam - Google Patents
Fishway construction method for Dam Download PDFInfo
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- KR100371485B1 KR100371485B1 KR10-2000-0011162A KR20000011162A KR100371485B1 KR 100371485 B1 KR100371485 B1 KR 100371485B1 KR 20000011162 A KR20000011162 A KR 20000011162A KR 100371485 B1 KR100371485 B1 KR 100371485B1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B8/00—Details of barrages or weirs ; Energy dissipating devices carried by lock or dry-dock gates
- E02B8/08—Fish passes or other means providing for migration of fish; Passages for rafts or boats
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/60—Ecological corridors or buffer zones
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
본 발명은 하천 유지수와 발전용수를 어도 용수로 활용하여 저수지나 댐 하류의 물고기가 저수지나 댐 상류로 안전하고 효율적으로 이동시킬 수 있게 하기 위한 것으로서, 호수의 표면수를 취수하여 발전기(1)를 가동한 후 그 발전용수를 개수로(5)를 통하여 방류하거나 발전하지 않고 그대로 방류하는 하천 유지수를 흘려보내는 개수로(5)상에는 조압수조(4)와 집어수조(6)를 설치하고, 집어수조(6)에는 어도 입구를 설치하고 어류 운반용 이송용기(8)를 비치하여 댐 하류의 어류를 유인하여 댐 상류로 이송하는 어도를 구축하는 것이다.The present invention is to allow the fish in the reservoir or the dam downstream to safely and efficiently move to the reservoir or the dam upstream by utilizing the river maintenance water and the power generation water as fishery water, the generator (1) by taking the surface water of the lake After operation, a pressure tank (4) and a pick-up tank (6) are installed on the channel (5), which discharges the generated water through the channel (5) or discharges the river maintenance water discharged as it is without power generation. The catchment tank 6 is equipped with an inlet for fish, and has a fish container for transporting fish 8 to construct a fishery that attracts fish downstream of the dam and transfers the fish upstream of the dam.
Description
본 발명은 저수지나 댐에서 흘려보내는 하천유지수를 이용하여 하류의 어류를 효율적으로 저수지 또는 댐 상류로 이동시킬 수 있는 댐의 어도시공방법에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to a dam fishing method that can efficiently move downstream fish upstream to the reservoir or the dam by using the stream oil index flowing from the reservoir or the dam.
강이나 하천에 신설되는 댐은 하천유지수를 흘려보내도록 의무화되어 있고, 하천유지수는 댐 상류의 표면수를 취수하여 하천으로 방류하게 되어 있으며, 발전목적으로 건설된 대부분의 댐에 있어서의 하천유지수는 발전에 쓰인 후 방류하는 물이다.New dams in rivers and streams are required to flow stream retention indexes, which are discharged into rivers by collecting surface water upstream of the dams, and rivers in most dams constructed for power generation purposes. Oil is the water that is discharged after it is used for power generation.
기히 건설된 모든 댐이 그러하듯이 수위차가 수시로 변하고 심하며, 공사비는 막대하고 어도로 흘려보낼 물이 없다는 등의 이유로 어도시설을 설치하는 것을 꺼려왔다.As with all dams built, the water level is constantly changing and severe, and construction costs have been hesitant to install fisheries because of the enormous cost and lack of water to drain.
댐이 높은 것도 어도설치를 꺼려하는 요인 중의 하나이다. 그러나 웬간히 높은 댐은 계단식 어도로 목적을 구현할 수 있다. 그러나 너무 높은 댐의 경우에는 계단식 어도는 비현실적이다. 이런 경우에 적합한 어도설비로서는 엘리베이터식, 견인식 또는 볼랜드식이 있다. 이 방식의 어도는 아무리 댐이 높아도 유인수만 잘 흘려보내면 댐 상류로 무난히 어류를 이동시킬 수가 있다.The high dams are one of the reasons for reluctance to install fish. However, some of the tallest dams can serve a purpose with cascading fish. However, in the case of dams that are too high, cascading waterways are unrealistic. Suitable fish facilities in this case are elevator, traction or borland type. In this way, even if the dam is high, if only the manned water flows well, the fish can be safely moved upstream of the dam.
그런데 대다수 발전댐은 하천유지수를 따로 흘려보내지 않고 발전에 쓰인 심층수를 흘려보내는데, 물고기는 차거운 심층수를 기피하므로 어류를 유인하기 위한 어류 유인수로는 부적합하여 효과가 없다.However, most power dams do not flow stream oil expenditures separately, but use deep water used for power generation. Fishes avoid cold deep water, so they are not suitable for attracting fish.
최근들어 생태계 보존차원에서 어류에게 적합한 수온의 댐 상류 표면수를 취수, 댐 하류로 방류하여 하천 유지수로 활용하는 방안과 수온이 적당한 하천 유지수로 발전한 후에 그 물을 다시 하천유지수로 이용하는 방안이 제안된 바 있다.Recently, in order to preserve the ecosystem, the surface water of the upstream of the dam suitable for fish is intake and discharged to the downstream of the dam to use as river maintenance water, and the water temperature is developed to the proper river maintenance water, and then the water is used again as the river maintenance index. This has been proposed.
이같이 하천 유지수를 어도 유인수로 활용하면 용수가 부족하더라도 따로 어도를 설치할 필요가 없겠지만 하천유지수는 댐의 수위차에 상응하는 만큼의 수압을 가지고 하천으로 방류되므로 이것을 그대로 어도의 어류 유인수로 사용하기는 곤란하다.In this way, if the river maintenance water is used as a manned water inland, there is no need to install an estuary even if there is a lack of water, but the river oil index is discharged into the river with the water pressure corresponding to the water level difference of the dam. Is difficult.
본 발명은 발전터빈이나 하천유지수용 방류공으로 방류되는 물을 엘리베이터식 어도 또는 견인식 어도의 어류 유인수로 재사용하여 하류의 어류를 댐 상류로 이동시킬 수 있는 어도를 제공하기 위한 것이다.The present invention is to provide a fish that can move the downstream fish upstream by reusing the water discharged into the power generation turbine or stream maintenance for the discharge hole to the fish drawn water of the elevator or towed fish.
본 발명은 댐의 하류에다 발전용수나 하천유지수로 방출되는 압력수의 압력을 조정하는 조압수조나 유사목적의 조류공을 설치하여 수압을 정상 수압으로 조정한 후 방류하고, 조압수조 또는 조류공의 하위에는 엘리베이터식이나 견인식 또는 보랜드(borland)식 어도를 설치하여 그 앞에서 조압되어 흘러내려 오는 물을 어도의 어류 유인수로 활용하는 이송용기를 설치하여 집어수조로 유인되는 어류를 실은 후에 인상하여 댐 상류에 담아 온 물과 어류를 방류하는 방식의 어도를 구축하는 것을 골자로 하는 어도 시공방법을 제공한다.The present invention is installed downstream of the dam to adjust the pressure of the pressure water discharged to the power generation water or stream maintenance index, or to adjust the water pressure to normal water pressure and discharged by adjusting the water pressure to the normal water pressure, and installed, In the lower part of the ball, an elevator, traction or borland type fishery is installed, and a transfer container that uses the water flowing under pressure in front of it as a fish attractant of the fishery is installed to load the fish attracted to the collecting tank. Therefore, it provides a method of constructing fishery that aims to build a fishery that discharges water and fish contained upstream of the dam.
도 1은 본 발명에 의한 댐의 발전용수를 이용한 어도의 구조도1 is a structural diagram of the fishery using the power generation water of the dam according to the present invention
도 2는 댐의 하천유지수를 이용한 어도의 구조도2 is a structural diagram of a fishery using a river retention index of a dam
<도면의 주요부분에 대한 부호의 설명><Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>
1 : 댐 2 : 취수탑1: dam 2: water intake tower
4 : 조압수조 5,7 : 개수로4: pressure tank 5,7: water channel
6 : 집어수조 8 : 이송용기6: pick up tank 8: transfer container
도 1에서, 댐 하류에 설치된 취수탑(2)을 통하여 취수한 물로 발전기(3)를 가동 발전하는 발전용 댐(1)에 있어서 발전기(3)에서 이어지는 방류구(5)의 하위에 조압수조(4)를 설치하고, 조압수조(4)의 하류쪽에는 개수로(7)를 개설하며, 하천과 연결된 개수로(7)상에는 집어수조(6)를 설치하고 여기다 승강식 이송용기(8)를 설치한다.In FIG. 1, a pressure control tank is disposed below a discharge port 5 connected to a generator 3 in a power generation dam 1 for generating and operating a generator 3 with water taken through a water intake tower 2 installed downstream of a dam. 4), a water channel (7) is opened downstream of the pressure tank (4), and a water collecting tank (6) is installed on the water channel (7) connected to the river and the lifting and lowering transfer container (8) Install it.
조압수조(4)는 수압이 높은 발전용수를 일시적으로 저수하여 수압을 떨어뜨리는 역할을 하는 것으로서, 진수지라고도 하며, 조압공으로 대체할 수도 있다. 수압이 세면 물살이 강하므로 하천에서 서식하던 어류가 물길을 거슬러 오르는데 방해가 된다. 그런 의미에서 조압수조(4)는 대단히 중요한 역할을 한다.The pressure regulator tank 4 serves to temporarily reduce the water pressure by temporarily storing the high-pressure power generation water, and is also called an open ground, and may be replaced by a pressure regulator. Higher water pressure makes the waters stronger, thus preventing fish from the rivers from traveling back and forth. In that sense, the pressure regulator tank 4 plays a very important role.
조압수조(4)에서 수압이 평상 수압으로 환원되어 물살이 느려진 방류수는 개수로(5)를 따라 하류 하천으로 방류된다. 이 과정에서 필연적으로 집어수조(6)를 통과하게 된다. 집어수조(6)내에는 이송용기(8)가 미리 내려져서 어도 입구를 통하여 유인돼 온 어류가 담기기를 기다리고 있으므로 집어수조(6)의 하류쪽 개수로를 따라 물살을 거슬러 오르는 하천 어류는 이송용기(8)로 들어가게 된다.The discharge water in which the water pressure is reduced to the normal water pressure in the pressure-control tank 4 and the water flow is slow is discharged to the downstream along the channel 5. In this process, it will inevitably pass through the water tank (6). In the catch tank (6), the transfer container (8) is lowered in advance to wait for fish to be drawn through the entrance to the fishery, so that the river fish that flows back along the downstream channel of the catch tank (6) You will enter (8).
시간이 경과함에 따라 후 상당수의 어류가 이송용기(8)로 들어간 것을 확인한 후 이송용기(8)를 인상하여 댐(1) 상류로 이송한 후 방류하고, 비운 이송용기(8)는 다시 집어수조(6)에 넣어서 후속 어류이송작업에 임하는 일을 되풀이하여 댐 하류 하천의 어류를 댐 상류로 이송시킨다.As time passes, after confirming that a large number of fish enter the transfer container 8, the transfer container 8 is lifted up, transferred to the upstream of the dam 1, and discharged, and the empty transfer container 8 is picked up again. In (6), work on subsequent fish transfers is repeated to transfer fish in the downstream streams upstream of the dam.
도 2는 비발전용 저수지 등에 적합한 댐용 어도로서, 조압수조(4) 이전의 개수로(5)상에 밸브(9)를 설치하여 하천 유지수를 방류하도록 시공된 경우 필요한 때에 한하여 하천 유지수를 방류하여 어류 유인수로 활용하는 데 유용하다. 이 방식은 저수량이 적은 댐에 적합하다.FIG. 2 is a dam duct suitable for a non-reservoir reservoir and the like, and when the valve 9 is installed on the channel 5 before the pressure tank 4 to discharge the river water, It is useful for stocking fish to be used as a fish lure. This method is suitable for dams with low water volumes.
이상 설명한 바와 같이 본 발명은 발전하고 그대로 방류하든가 하천 유지수로 방류하는 물을 어도 유인수로 활용하여 따로 어류 유인수를 방류할 필요가 없으므로 수자원의 활용가치를 극대화할 수 있고, 또한 어류 유인수를 발전에 이용할 수 있으므로 댐당 절수에 따른 경제적 실익이 대단히 크다.As described above, the present invention does not need to discharge fish attracted water by using the water discharged as it is or discharged as river maintenance water as an induced water, and thus maximizes the utilization value of water resources, The economic benefits from saving water per dam are enormous.
그리고 수압이 너무 강한 탓에서 하류 하천의 어류가 거슬러 오르는데 방해가 되는 발전 방류수의 수압과 유속을 조압수조에서 대폭 완화하여 하류 하천의 어류가 집어수조로 모이는데 아주 효과적이며, 따라서 하류 하천의 어류를 효과적으로 댐 상류로 이동시킬 수 있다.In addition, due to the strong water pressure, the pressure and flow rate of the power generation effluent, which prevents the fish in the downstream stream from going back, are greatly alleviated in the pressure tank, which is very effective in collecting the fish in the downstream stream. Fish can be effectively moved upstream of the dam.
또, 어도의 구조가 단조로와 시공이 수월하므로 저비용으로 훌륭한 댐용 어도를 구축할 수가 있다.In addition, since the structure of the fish can be easily forged and constructed, an excellent dam fish can be constructed at low cost.
특히 이 어도는 기존 댐에도 저비용으로 용이하게 설치할 수가 있다.In particular, these islands can be easily installed at low cost in existing dams.
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KR10-2000-0011162A KR100371485B1 (en) | 2000-03-06 | 2000-03-06 | Fishway construction method for Dam |
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CN108374390A (en) * | 2018-03-26 | 2018-08-07 | 张鹏 | A kind of protective device and its method of river torrent dangerous shoal neutralizing impact failure power |
CN110397000B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2024-03-19 | 中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Fish protection system combining fishway with proliferation station |
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