KR100348795B1 - Functional Solid-Fermented Feed Additives and Method for Preparing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a functional fermented feed additive and a method for producing the same.

The functional fermented feed additive according to the present invention contains 5 to 15 g of alumina calcium silicate, 5 to 15 g of alumina sodium silicate, 15 to 30 g of sodium bicarbonate, 20 to 40 g of sodium carbonate, 30 to 50 g of potassium carbonate, 0.4 to 0.6 g of zinc, 0.8 to 1.2 g of zinc sulfate, 1.0 to 1.5 g of magnesium sulfate and 3.0 to 4.5 g of magnesium oxide are homogeneously mixed. The preparation method is such that the above- After adjusting the content to 35-50%, the fermentation is carried out for 7 days at the first middle temperature fermentation and the second high temperature fermentation at the micro conditions. The above-mentioned microphase condition means that the redox potential value is maintained at the level of -50 to 50 과정. The fermentation is performed at 30 to 40 캜 for 4 days at the first mesophilic fermentation and for 3 days at 55 to 65 캜 for the second high temperature fermentation .

Description

Functional Solid-Fermented Feed Additives and Methods for Preparing the Same

The main problem in the domestic and overseas pig industry is that the disease occupies a very high proportion, and the economic stability and quality stability of food hygiene are greatly deteriorated due to the pesas and infections caused by these diseases. In the domestic swine industry, it is reported that about 25% of the total production cost of swine is due to disease. Livestock breeding is gradually changing into a trend of enlargement, and dense breeding is increasing in a limited space considering economy. This makes it easier for livestock to be exposed to disease by dense breeding. Pig respiratory disease, a disease that occupies a high proportion of the total production cost of pigs, has been suffering from various lesions due to acute, subacute, chronic and invasive infections. The domestic pig farms are the most problematic in breeding pigs and finishing pigs Productivity and profitability. Pig respiratory diseases can be more problematic due to various factors such as unsanitary management, nutritional balance and unsanitary environments in poultry farms such as inadequate temperature, humidity and air pollution in pig farms. Viruses, germs, parasites and fungi are the most common pathogens causing swine respiratory diseases, but most of them are caused by viruses and bacteria. Pleural pneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae , a Gram-negative bacterium in bacterial pneumonic respiratory disease, progresses to mass mortality and chronicity in growth pigs and finishing pigs, resulting in growth retardation and feed loss, It is a disease. Pig pleural pneumonia has various pathogenicity and serotype due to the characteristics of flulo - funnymonia, and the vaccine preventive effect is unsatisfactory. Also, in most pig farms, the vaccination program of the pleural pneumonia precedes the recommended time, so the vaccination does not work properly. Also, it is difficult to take countermeasures because the medicine can not be treated in the late growth period due to the residue of the pork medicine, which is a problem for consumers' food hygiene.

On the other hand, the known fermented feed production method is limited to a method for producing fermented microorganisms by inoculating a predetermined amount of a microorganism preparation cultured in a sterilized rice bran or the like and fermenting the fermented feed under controlled conditions for a certain period of time. This method of producing fermented feed does not have sufficient conditions as an economical and effective functional fermented feed because it requires efficient cultivation of the inoculated microorganisms and a sterilization process for pure cultivation as well as a high dependency on the quantitative acquisition of microorganisms and cultures . In order to solve these problems, it has become important to secure fermentation conditions that do not require natural microorganisms and disinfection processes based on un-sterilized rice bran.

Accordingly, the present inventors have found that the prevention of pigs' pleural pneumonia and respiratory diseases, which cause the most damage in breeding pigs and finishing pigs, is a method of increasing the immunity and improving the defense power, Thereby improving the productivity. To this end, the inventors of the present invention have found that the aluminasilicon compound, the carbonate compound, the zinc oxide compound and the magnesium oxide compound, which are substances which activate the cells in vivo and which are one of the mineral components, and the sodium compounds, Functional fermented feed additive containing potassium compound as a main component has been developed to develop a functional fermented feed additive capable of maximizing immunity to diseases and absorption of nutrients in livestock diseases.

As described above, most of the conventional methods are composed of medicines and growth hormone agents, so that when the animals are overdosed, resistance of the domestic animals to chemicals increases, which may lead to drug abuse. In addition, there are problems such as deterioration of growth and deterioration of meat quality, and harmful substances such as drugs and growth hormone are accumulated in the body of livestock and the like raised thereby, and the ingestion of meat in which harmful substances are accumulated in the body There has been a great problem in terms of food stability.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention has been conceived to solve the above-mentioned problems, and it is an object of the present invention to provide a functional fermented feed additive which can maximize bioactivity of alumina silicate compound, carbonate compound, zinc oxide compound and magnesium oxide compound, And may be used in powder form when it is mixed with commercially available compounded diets so that livestock can be easily ingested. The feed additive of the present invention maximizes autoimmunity against various diseases by increasing the number of autoimmune cells by promoting the metabolism of livestock without the use of separate antibiotics, antibiotics and growth hormone agents and induces weight gain of livestock, And an increased amount of unsaturated fatty acid which is beneficial to the human body can be obtained.

In order to achieve the above object, the inventors of the present invention have conducted intensive research and have found that the present inventors have found that a calcium aluminosilicate compound (calcium aluminosilicate, sodium aluminosilicate), a carbonate compound (sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate) Zinc and zinc sulfate) and a magnesium oxide compound (magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate) at a predetermined mixing ratio, while maintaining the redox potential value within a range of -10 to 50 30, Fermentation step and fermentation step for 2 days at 55-65 캜 for 3 days while maintaining the oxidation-reduction potential at the first middle-temperature fermentation step and the oxidation-reduction potential value for 4 days, An additive was prepared.

More specifically, the functional fermented feed additive of the present invention is characterized in that the amount of the alumina silicate compound is in the range of 5 to 15 g, the content of the carbonate compound is in the range of 15 to 50 g, the content of the zinc oxide compound is in the range of 0.4 to 1.2 g, the magnesium oxide compound is uniformly mixed using a stirrer at a rate of 1.0 to 4.5 g, and water is supplied to maintain the water content at 35 to 50% by weight of the composition, While maintaining the reduction potential at -10 to 50 ㎷, the fermentation was performed at 30 캜 to 40 캜 for 4 days, and the fermentation was carried out at 55 to 65 캜 for 3 days while maintaining the oxidation-reduction potential at -50 to 10 2. After fermentation at high temperature, it is dried and produced.

The alumina silicate compound used in the present invention includes calcium aluminum silicate or sodium aluminum silicate. When the two components are used together, it is preferable that the two components are added in a molar ratio of 1: 1, even if the two components are used together or when one of the two components is selected and used. Preferably, 5 to 15 g of alumina calcium silicate is added to 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat flour, and 5 to 15 g of sodium alumina silicate is preferably added.

The carbonate compound used in the present invention includes sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, or potassium carbonate. One or more of these three components may be selectively used, but when one or more components are used, the same carbonate is preferably used in the same molar ratio. Sodium bicarbonate is preferably used within a range of 15 to 30 g per 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat flour, 20 to 40 g of sodium carbonate and 30 to 50 g of potassium carbonate.

Likewise, zinc oxide and zinc sulfate can be used as the zinc oxide compound. In the case of magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate, neither of the two components is used, or even if either one of the two components is selected, there is no problem in achieving the object of the present invention When two components are used together, it is preferable to use them in the same molar ratio of 1: 1. The zinc oxide is preferably used in a range of 0.4 to 0.6 g with respect to 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat, and the zinc sulfate is preferably used in a range of 0.8 to 1.2 g.

Finally, as the magnesium oxide compound, magnesium oxide or magnesium sulfate can be selectively used, and when both components are used simultaneously, it is preferable to add them at the same molar ratio as the commercial value. For example, magnesium oxide is preferably used in a range of 1.0 to 1.5 g for 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat, and 3.0 to 4.5 g of magnesium sulfate.

The present invention was carried out on piglets and shipped pigs in order to investigate the protective effect and feed efficiency against pleural pneumonia. For the pleural pneumonia, we tested the method of attacking the actinobacillus fluulopneumoniae serotypes 5 ( A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5), which is pleural pneumonia, in the organs and the outbreak of pleural pneumonia The results are summarized as follows. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 5 ( pleuropneumoniae serotype 5), pleural pneumoniae, were purchased from the Department of Veterinary Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, and β-NAD was added to tryptic soy broth. Lt; 0 > C for 48 hours.

The test methods for attacking are as follows. In general, the vaccination against pleural pneumonia in domestic pig farms was carried out at 5 weeks and 7 weeks of age. The vaccine was not inoculated and the actinobacillus flurbunumonia serotypes 5 And an experimental method in which the vaccine was inoculated at 5 and 7 weeks of age and then inoculated with Actinobacillus flurovnunomycota Vertigo 5 in pleural pneumonia.

In addition, the tests in the general pig farm were conducted on two general pig farms with similar sow count, specification control, and the structure of pig farms. From the breeding season to the time of shipment, pig farms fed with the control group and the test group were largely divided into pig respiratory disease And feed efficiency tests.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to Examples. The present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[Example 1] Preparation of functional fermented feed additives

10 g of calcium aluminasilicate, 22.5 g of sodium bicarbonate, 40 g of potassium carbonate, 0.5 g of zinc oxide and 3.75 g of magnesium sulfate were uniformly mixed well and water was added to the mixture to make the water content 40 to 45 wt% And the stirring speed of the stirrer was adjusted. The fermentation was performed at 30 to 40 ° C for 4 days, while maintaining the redox potential at -10 to 50 ° C, and the oxidation-reduction potential was changed to -50 to 10 ° C , Followed by drying for 3 days at a second high temperature fermentation in a temperature range of 55 to 65 캜 to obtain a functional fermented feed additive.

[Experimental Example 1] Experiment of change in effective bacteria

In Example 1, the formation of beneficial microorganisms during the fermentation feed additive manufacturing process and the level of microorganisms during the distribution period were examined.

The results are shown in Table 1 below.

Table 1) Example 1 after administration than before administration of the listed compositions the rice bran to the primary, since the second fermentation process is in three Mai as saccharose with respect to the semi-finished product 1g tooth (Saccharomycetes sp as shown in.) And Bacillus sp. ( Bacillus sp.) Increased in the number of viable cells, and the effective bacterial strain remained stable during the distribution period.

This indicates that the fermentation additive of the present invention is effective for the growth and maintenance of viable microorganisms even in the growth and maintenance of viable microorganisms.

[Test Example 2] Influence of Inoculation of Pig Pleural Effusion Bacteria and Feed Efficiency Test (I)

(For piglets not vaccinated)

A total of 14 5-week-old pigs, which were not infected with pleural pneumonia and were not affected by pleural pneumonia, were randomly drawn from pig farms in consideration of parity (number of pregnancies), breed, sex and weight of sows . (N = 7) in which the fermented feed additive prepared in Example 1 was added to 3% of the feed additive prepared in Example 1, and a control group (n = 7) fed only the feed of the normal infant. The piglets of the test and control groups were tested for 5 weeks from 5 to 10 weeks of age. 7-week-old piglets are inoculated attacks within the 5 × 106CFU / ㎖ of evil Tino Bacillus flu ropnyu ammonia serotype 5 (A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5) institutions.

During the experimental period, the rearing conditions of the pigs were kept the same in each group and the negative numbers were given to the free diet.

During the test period, the clinical symptoms and mortality of the piglets of each group were observed. Blood samples were collected for each cycle and the antibody titers against Actinobacillus flurounnemia serotypes 5 were subjected to APP tube agglutination test and diluted 10-fold After incubation at 37 ° C for 2 hours, the cells were incubated at 4 ° C for 18 hours. The cells were then read positive by more than 10-fold using a positive control serum and an antigen control.

In addition to the process of the white blood cells Davis et al. (1987) to measure the blood immune cell activity in order to inspect the resistance to the test time by evil Martino Bacillus flu ropnyu of the group and the control group ammonia serotype 5 (A. Pleuropneumoniae serotype 5) And were examined using a flow cytometry using a monoclonal antibody. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t-test for significance analysis of each group.

Euthanasia was measured, and body weight was measured, and autopsy was performed to observe the lesion grossly. The lung lesion was divided according to the ratio of the relative weight of each leaf to the total lung weight according to the method of Straw et al. (1986) , 10% for the left and right mesenchyme, and 25% for the left and right diaphragm lobes, respectively.

The lung tissue showing pneumonia was confirmed by isolating and identifying the Actinobacillus fluulopneumoniae type 5 inoculated through microbiological examination, and the lung lesion tissue was fixed with 10% neutral formalin method and paraffin section was made into 4u The hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed and the lesion was morphologically confirmed by pathological examination with an optical microscope.

The mean lung lesion was largely visual and pathologic. The characteristic features of pleural pneumonia were hemorrhage, lobular connective tissue thickening, fibroplastic pleurisy, mucinous exudation, fibrous pleural effusion and abscess. The mild (+), moderate (++) (+++). A typical histopathologic finding was fibrosing pleural pneumonia, which was characterized by congestion, edema, hemorrhage, thrombosis, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrogenous exudates, fibrosing and fibrous pleuritis. (++), and severe symptoms (+++).

In addition, during the first 3 weeks after the inoculation, anesthesia, fever, fever, dyspnea, cough, and rash were observed during the early morning respiratory disease. (±), mild (+), moderate (++), and severe (+++).

The results are shown in Table 2 below.

There was no mortality during the test period. As shown in the above test results, 5 × 10 6 CFU / ml of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 was injected at 7 weeks of age into the organs, and the daily gain of the test group and the control group was 462.5 g / Day and 449.7 g / day, respectively, and feed conversion rates were 3.47 and 3.57, respectively. In the test group, daily gain and feed rate were relatively higher than control group.

In the control group, mild to severe symptoms were observed in typical clinical symptoms of respiratory diseases such as dyspnea, cough, and coevili, whereas moderate symptoms were observed in mild symptoms in the test group.

At autopsy, isolating and isolating the inoculating bacteria from the lungs were performed. In the test group, 3 out of 7 cases had a causative organism isolation rate of 42.9%, whereas the control group had 4 out of 7 cases.

In the test group, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class Ⅱ molecule expressing cells, mainly macrophage, CD4 + T lymphocyte, and B lymphocytes involved in antibody formation, which are involved in both host and humoral immunity, The distribution ratio was significantly increased (p <0.1).

Pathological examination of the lung lesion for A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 in the test group and the control group showed that the fibrous pleural effusion, which was an acute finding of the pleural pneumonia in the control group, was severe in moderate findings compared to the test group, Fibrous pleuritis was also present. The average lung lesion was 18.4% in the test group and 22.3% in the control group.

Compared with the test group, the control group showed a similar pathologic finding of pleural pneumonia: blood vessel reaction, necrosis such as hemorrhage, species, and thrombosis, inflammatory cell infiltration mainly composed of neutrophils and macrophages, fibrinogen exudate, Acute inflammation such as calcified pleural effusion was evident. In the test group, fibrous pleural effusion was observed more easily than the control group, and abscess was observed.

[Experimental Example 3] Effect of the inoculation of pig pneumoniae on inoculation and feed efficiency test (II)

(Testing for piglets vaccinated)

Fourteen piglets of 8-week-old pigs were inoculated at 5 and 7 weeks of age, respectively. The pigs were randomly selected from pigs that did not have significant pleural pneumonia due to parity, breed, sex, and body weight . (N = 7) supplemented with 3% of the fermented feed additive prepared in Example 1, and a control group (n = 7) supplemented with only normal diets.

The pigs of the test and control groups were fed continuously for 5 weeks from 8 to 13 weeks of age. The 5 × 108 CFU / ㎖ of evil Martino Bacillus flu ropnyu ammonia serotype 5 (A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5) to 11 weeks of age were inoculated into the attack engine. The other test conditions and analysis conditions were the same as in Test Example 2.

The test results are shown in Table 3 below.

As shown in the test results in Table 3 above, 5 × 10 ⁸ CFU / ml of actinobacillus fluulopneumoniae serotypes 5 ( A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5) The daily requirement of the test group and the control group were 589.7 g / day and 570.0 g / day, respectively, and the feed demand rate was 3.18 g / day 3.29 g / day. appear.

Anesthesia, depression, fever, dyspnea, cough, and rash were recorded during the first two weeks of the attack. In the control group, mild to moderate symptoms were observed in the typical clinical symptoms of respiratory diseases, such as dyspnea, cough, and coevili, while the test group showed mild symptoms.

At autopsy, isolating and identifying the inoculating bacteria from the lungs were performed. In the control group, one isolate showed low isolate rate of 14.3%. In the test group, one isolate was retained in one out of seven isolates.

As a result of the measurement of the immune cell activity of the test group and the control group, the test group was involved in the CD2 + T lymphocyte and the primary immunity as compared with the control group, and the N (Non T / Non B) lymphocyte Distribution ratio was significantly increased.

Lung lesions of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 in the test and control groups were observed with visual and pathologic findings and showed mild symptoms in the test group whereas in the control group the acute findings of pleural pneumonia, Fibrous pleurisy pleuritis was mild to moderate in severity. There were no differences in lesions in other gross findings. The mean lung lesion was 11.4% in the test group and 15.2% in the control group.

The most common pathologic findings of pleuropneumonia are hemorrhage, hemorrhage, blood clots, necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration mainly composed of neutrophils or macrophages, deposition of fibrin within the alveoli and appearance of fibrous cells, fibrogenic exudates, Fibrous pleural effusions were more prominent in the control group than in the control group.

[Test Example 4] Pneumonia occurrence characteristics and feed efficiency test on the shipment money of a general pig farm

Two general pig farms with similar sow counts, specification control, and pork structure were fed with the fermented feed additive prepared as in Example 1 from the breeding season to the shipment, n = 118) and control group (n = 120), which was fed with only general diets, to investigate pig respiratory diseases.

For the shipment money, the carcass inspection was conducted at the slaughterhouse for the lungs. The test method was applied to the PigMON program developed and applied at the University of Minnesota, USA. According to the method of Pointon et al. (1992), lung lesion score by Straw et al. (1986) was classified as 0 ~ 5, and 1 ~ 10% 2, 21 ~ 30% were classified as 3, 31 ~ 40% as 4, 41 or more as 5, mild lesions 1, 2 and 3 as moderate lesions, and 4 and 5 as severe lesions. In order to confirm the lung lesion, the abdomen and stomach were examined and promoted.

The lesion classification for pneumonia confirmed the degree of lesion and the presence of hemorrhagic necrotizing fibrosing lesion or purulent pleural lesion elevated to the localized characteristic lesion of pleural pneumonia (pneumonia, enzootic pneumonia or mycoplasma pneumonia). Pleuritis was observed in the case of adhesion between the lobulated lobes, the adhesion of the lobes to the chest wall, the pericardial membrane and the mediastinum, and these adhesions were also differentiated from those with normal lung or pneumonia. The growth rates of feed efficiency, shipment age, and shipment weight of test group and control group were compared and analyzed. The other test conditions and analytical methods were the same as those of Test Example 2.

The results are shown in Table 4 below.

As shown in the above table, the number of the lungs showing pneumonia in 118 doses of the test group was 93.8% (78.8%), and the average lung lesion was 8.8% and the mean lung lesion index was 1.29. The control group showed 85.0% of 102 cases with pneumonia in 120 shipped pigs. The average lung lesion was 12.% and mean lung lesion index was 1.65.

The incidence of pleural pneumonia was 5.9% in the test group and 15.0% in the control group.

The average weight of the test group was 114.1kg at 163 days and the feed demand rate was 2.21, while the average weight of the control group was 108.3kg at 170 days and the feed demand rate was 2.87.

As a result of the test examples 2, 3 and 3, the method of preparing the functional fermented feed additive according to the present invention greatly increases immune cells of lymphocytes including MHC-class II, which plays a pivotal role in the bio-immune mechanism appear. In addition, pigs exposed to the disease generally have a low feed intake rate, resulting in a decrease in feed efficiency, leading to an increase in the age of shipment and a decrease in the average shipment weight. On the other hand, in pigs fed the fermented feed of the present invention, And the average shipment weight was also high.

As described above in detail with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, the high-functional fermented feed additive according to the present invention activates the biological function of livestock, thereby enhancing the autoimmune function, increasing the effect of enhancing the host immune function against diseases, The efficiency can also be improved and the average shipment weight can be improved. In addition, there is an effect of increasing the meat-like unsaturated fatty acid of the livestock by promoting the digestion efficiency. Also, in the production method, the harmful bacteria existing therein are killed and the effective fermentation bacteria are proliferated. Thus, the fermented feed is produced without any additional fermentation strain inoculation or excessive facilities There is an effect that can be done.

Claims (10)

Sodium alginate, sodium aluminosilicate or a mixture thereof in an amount of 1,000 g to 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat flour, 15 to 20 g of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or a mixture thereof, zinc oxide, zinc sulfate or a mixture thereof 0.4 to 1.2 g, and 1.0 to 4.5 g of magnesium oxide, martensulfate, or a mixture thereof. The mixture is then uniformly mixed with a mixing agitator. Subsequently, water is supplied to the composition so that the moisture content of the composition is 35 to 50 wt% Which is carried out for 3 days at 55 to 65 DEG C while maintaining the redox potential value at -50 to 10 mV, and the fermentation is carried out at 30 to 40 DEG C for 4 days at a redox potential value of -10 to 50 mV Fermented, and then dried. delete 2. The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the sodium aluminosilicate is used in an amount of 5 to 15 g per 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat flour. delete The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate are used in the range of 15 to 30 g, 20 to 40 g and 30 to 50 g, respectively, per 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat bran. delete The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the zinc oxide and the zinc sulfate are used in an amount of 0.4 to 0.6 g and 0.8 to 1.2 g, respectively, per 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat flour. delete The feed additive according to claim 1, wherein the magnesium oxide and magnesium sulfate are used in the range of 1.0 to 1.5 g and 3.0 to 4.5 g, respectively, per 1,000 g of rice bran or wheat flour. Borate to rice bran or wheat flour 5-15 g of alumina potassium silicate, sodium aluminosilicate or a mixture thereof 5 to 15 g of sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate or a mixture thereof 5 to 15 g of zinc oxide, zinc sulfate or a mixture thereof 0.4 to 1.2 g, and 1.0 to 4.5 g of magnesium oxide, magnesium sulfate or a mixture thereof, and mixing the mixture uniformly with a mixing agitator; A primary warming fermentation step in which the water content of the composition is adjusted to 35 to 50% by weight while the water is supplied and the redox potential value is -10 to 50 mV, which is a mild condition, at 30 to 40 캜 for 4 days; A second high-temperature fermentation step carried out at 55 to 65 ° C for 3 days while maintaining the oxidation-reduction potential at -50 to 10 mV; and And a drying step of heating the fermented feed additive.