KR100332617B1 - Lighting control method and apparatus for tunnel - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tunnel lighting control method and apparatus, and more particularly, to an optimal state according to the driver's dark adaptation speed according to the outdoor luminance and the internal luminance within the tunnel, which are frequently changed by the day and night and various natural environments. The present invention relates to a tunnel lighting control method and apparatus for reducing the unnecessary power consumption and driving safety of the driver.

It detects the visual luminance outside the tunnel which directly affects the driver's compliance, and simultaneously detects the internal luminance of the tunnel, compares and analyzes the two luminance values, and compares the two luminance values with the driver's eye dark adaptation speed. It is characterized in that the control to maintain the internal lighting in an optimal state.

Description

Lighting control method and apparatus for tunnel

The present invention relates to a tunnel lighting control method and apparatus, and more particularly, to outdoor lighting brightness and internal brightness within the tunnel (herein simply the brightness of the lighting in the tunnel), which is changed from day to night and various natural environments. The term 'illuminance' may be used to indicate only the degree of illumination, and in this case, the illuminance will be treated as having the same meaning as the internal luminance in the tunnel). The present invention relates to a tunnel lighting control method and apparatus for reducing the driver's safety and unnecessary power consumption.

In general, lighting is required only at night on general roads, but in tunnels it is also needed during the day.

When a driver enters a tunnel, the driver enters a tunnel that is much darker than the outdoors in the state of being adapted to the bright brightness of the outdoors. Phenomena occur.

This dark adaptation is a major factor that causes a traffic accident because it temporarily impairs the driver. Therefore, the lighting inside the tunnel is inevitable to protect the driver from the danger of the traffic accident.

In this case, tunnel lighting, which is the most ideal method, can be said to be a method of illuminating near the luminance of the tunnel from the entrance of the tunnel and gradually decreasing the light inside the tunnel according to the dark acceleration speed of the eye.

However, outdoor brightness is affected by various factors, such as weather changes, sun altitude and location, topographical conditions of tunnel entrances, the presence of snow, and distribution of trees. In reality, there are considerable difficulties.

Therefore, the proposed tunnel lighting method has been difficult to artificially illuminate the interior of the tunnel so that it is close to the outdoor luminance, so that the illumination inside the tunnel is considerably lower than the outdoor luminance within a range that does not impair visual vision, that is, approximately 1. Luminance of less than / 10 is maintained.

However, these outdoor luminances are based only on the outdoor luminances outside the tunnel, and there is a problem in that the luminance in field view, which affects compliance to the driver immediately before entering the tunnel, has little effect. .

Unlike the outdoor luminance caused by the direct sunlight of sunlight, the field of view brightness is most affected by the luminance around the gaze point when the driver gazes forward, as shown in FIG. It is based on average luminance within the range ('CIE' International Commission on Illumination Recommendation).

As described above, the brightness of the field of view changes from zero (cd / m 2) to thousands (cd / m 2) as often as outdoor brightness, which varies according to various environmental conditions.

However, the conventional tunnel lighting control method is made without considering the above-described viewing luminance, and, for example, looks at the most representative conventional configuration as follows.

As shown in FIG. 12 of the accompanying drawings, this forms a daylight sensor 2 capable of sensing the outdoor brightness due to the skylight on the entrance side road of the tunnel 1, and the value detected by the daylight sensor 2. According to the control panel 3, the lighting unit 5 in the tunnel 1 is turned on / off in multiple stages by controlling the lighting power unit 4.

However, this conventional method has various problems as follows.

The daylight sensor 2 is installed at the entrance of the tunnel 1 to simply measure the outdoor brightness, and thus does not provide much help to the driver because the daylight sensor 2 is not proportional to the visual brightness affecting the driver's visual compliance.

Further, in actual situations, a very large change in illuminance (or luminance) is generated even in the lighting facility inside the tunnel 1 due to various factors.

That is, in the conventional control system, the control panel 3 controls only the on / off of the lamp 5 in multiple stages according to the signal of the daylight sensor 2 to determine whether illumination in the tunnel 1 normally occurs. Since it is not detected, when the number of lighting of the lighting lamps in the tunnel is simply adjusted according to the outdoor luminance, the initial illuminance is not maintained and the illuminance in the tunnel is significantly reduced as the period of use elapses.

In particular, the luminous flux in the tunnel 1 decreases with time due to deterioration of the lamp 5 and various pollutions such as dust sticking to it. In view of this, a constant compensation rate is applied at the time of installation. .

This photo compensation rate is generally applied at approximately 1.5-2.0 times.

Therefore, at the beginning of the facility under the same luminance or when the lamp 5 is replaced and cleaned, the lamp is in an over-illumination state of 1.5-2 times higher than the reference value of the required light, resulting in a considerable amount of power loss. The lack of lighting will appear.

8 to 10 are diagrams showing the state of over-illumination by increasing the initial illuminance by applying a constant rate of maintenance in preparation for the deterioration of a lighting system such as a lamp. .

8 is a view showing the degree of power loss according to the change in illuminance when applying a maintenance rate of 0.5, Figure 9 is a view showing the trend of the change in illuminance when the instrument is cleaned in the state that the maintenance rate is applied to 0.5 to 0.6 The degree of power loss due to this can be seen.

In addition, Figure 10 shows the over-light state in the conventional step-by-step lighting control when the maintenance ratio of 0.5 to 0.6 is applied, the dark portion in the center of the over-light state, that is, the degree of waste of power.

In addition, in the conventional structure, a failure occurs in a related part such as disconnection of a circuit, so that even if the lamp 5 is not turned on, it is impossible to detect this, and there are many problems in post management.

The present invention has been proposed to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and its object is to detect the driver's field of view brightness and compare it with the internal luminance in the tunnel to optimize the internal lighting of the tunnel according to the speed of compliance with the field of view of the driver. The present invention provides a tunnel lighting control method and apparatus that not only enables the driver to operate safely but also prevents waste of power due to unnecessary excessive lighting in operating the lighting device.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a luminance sensor for detecting a driver's field of view brightness that most affects the driver at a certain point outside the tunnel, and at the same time, a luminance sensor in a tunnel for detecting the luminance inside the tunnel. By comparing with each other, the values sensed by these sensors are compared and analyzed so that the light inside the tunnel is maintained at the most optimal condition for the driver.

1 is a block diagram of a tunnel lighting system of the present invention;

2 is a block diagram of a tunnel lighting system of the present invention

3 is a lighting distribution diagram of the tunnel

4 is a luminance distribution diagram of a tunnel entrance;

5 is a conceptual diagram of visual field luminance affecting eye compliance

6 is a comparison diagram of outdoor viewing luminance and internal luminance.

7 is a comparison diagram between internal and external luminance in a controlled state

8 is a change in luminance over the period of use

9 is a relation between the change in road surface brightness and the complementary rate

10 is a diagram illustrating circuit lighting according to outdoor luminance

11 is a control flowchart of the lighting system of the present invention.

12 is a block diagram of a conventional tunnel lighting system

<Description of the symbols for the main parts of the drawings>

100: tunnel 101: lighting 10: luminance sensor in the tunnel

20: external luminance sensor 21, 22: signal conversion unit 23: main control unit

24: output conversion section 25: manual operation section 26: communication section

30: controller 40: lighting control panel

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.

As shown in FIG. 1, the luminance of the tunnel entrance directly affecting the driver's compliance is measured, and the luminance inside the tunnel is measured, and the measured values thereof are compared with each other as a comparator. It is characterized by sending control signals to the lighting control panel according to the input ratio of internal and external luminance to control each lighting step by step on / off through the relay of the lighting circuit.

The visual field luminance is obtained by directly measuring the luminance of the visual range (conical angle 20 ° range) that affects the acclimatization because the eyes of the motor vehicle driver entering the tunnel are adapted to the peripheral luminance of the driver's central field of view.

The range of time that the eye affects the film brightness is almost 180 ° due to the physiological structure, but the effect of glare on the angle is inversely proportional to the square of the angle from the central vision (L, L. Holladay CIE recommends that the average value of the luminance in the range of 20 ° is used as a reference.

As described above, the brightness of the field of view may vary from time to time depending on the surrounding environment such as skylight, sun altitude, cloud distribution, shadow by terrain, etc. It can be improved.

In addition, the tunnel lighting by the lighting control panel as shown in Figure 3 of the accompanying drawings divided into tunnel entrance lighting, basic lighting, exit lighting, connection road lighting.

The most important point here may be referred to as the tunnel entrance lighting, which is divided into a boundary portion, a transition portion, and a relaxation portion, as shown in FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings.

It is desirable to maintain the same brightness because the boundary is the brightness required by the driver to observe objects in the tunnel outside the tunnel (not yet in dark compliance), but in practice, the brightness value depends on the rate determined by the outdoor field brightness and design speed. By. For the ratio of setting the luminance value of the boundary portion, reference may be made to the standards illustrated in the following table.

Table: Luminance ratio of boundary to outdoor luminance (KS standard 3703)

Design speed (Km / h) 100 80 60 Coefficient 0.07 0.05 0.04

In addition, the sectional distance of this boundary may be different depending on the design speed, but the CIE report recommends that it be 1/2 of the braking distance.

The transition part is a section for giving a luminance background to an object to be observed while the driver is still outside the tunnel but gradually acclimatizes while approaching the tunnel, and the illumination of the section is gradually reduced.

In addition, the relaxation section is a section for giving the luminance background by attenuating the luminance according to the compliance from the end point of the transition portion to the basic portion, it is also formed to achieve a complete compliance by gradually reducing the illumination.

That is, the illumination of the transition part and the relaxation part is to reduce the gap between the boundary brightness and the basic brightness smoothly to match the eye adaptation characteristics.

In addition, the tunnel lighting control apparatus of the present invention is installed outside the tunnel 100 to detect the brightness affecting the driver's visual compliance, and the interior of the tunnel 100 is installed inside the tunnel 100, the road surface in the tunnel An internal luminance sensor 10 for measuring luminance and the internal and external luminance sensors 10 and 20 are connected to each other to compare and analyze the measured values thereof, and according to a previously inputted luminance ratio of a control signal. Controller 30 to send to the lighting switchboard, and the lighting control panel 40 to receive a control signal from the controller 30 to turn on / off a plurality of lights 101 installed in the tunnel 100 in multiple stages. .

The controller 30 obtains the luminance value measured by the internal and external luminance sensors 10 and 20 as an electric signal and converts the luminance value into a multi-level digital signal through each signal converter 21 or 22, and then the controller. 30, the main controller 23 composed of a computer computing device analyzes both luminance values and provides control signals to the output converter 24 according to the preset internal and external luminance ratio. do.

The output converter 24 converts the control signal into an electrical signal to control the respective lamps 101 through the lighting circuit relay of the lighting control panel 40.

However, since the method and means for arranging or controlling individual lights are to use the control methods and means already known in the art, detailed description thereof will be omitted.

In addition, a manual operation unit 25 is provided to be operated for the purpose of failure or inspection of the control device, and is changed into a general communication signal through the communication unit 26 so that the operation state can be monitored and controlled remotely. The lighting state can be monitored and controlled.

Hereinafter, the control process of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 11.

The main control unit 23 determines whether the user has set the automatic control mode (step S1), and if the automatic control mode is set, the main control unit 23 determines whether the user has set the remote control mode (step S2). If the remote control mode is not set, the luminance information transmitted from the external luminance sensor 20 is sensed (step S3).

Subsequently, the luminance information transmitted from the internal luminance sensor 10 installed in the tunnel 100 is sensed (step S4), and then the optimal luminance is calculated based on FIG. 6 by comparing the outdoor luminance with the internal luminance (step S5). After adopting the stepwise control method of FIG. 7 set on the basis of the step (step S6), if the current luminance value matches the optimum control data, the current illuminance is maintained (step S7), and the current luminance value is optimally controlled. If it is larger than the data (step S8), the step 1 is lowered and turned off. )

The process is repeated again in step S3 until the current luminance value matches the optimal data.

If the luminance value is less than the optimal data in the step S8 (when the luminance value is not greater than or equal to the optimal data), the light is increased by one step (step S10) (in this case, the same control technique as in the step S9 is performed. Adopted) Then, the process returns to step S3 and the process is repeated until the current luminance value matches the optimal data.

In addition, if the automatic control mode is not set in step S1, the process switches to the manual control mode (step B5), and the situation ends.

In addition, when the remote control is set to the remote control mode in step S2, the main control unit 23 notifies the communication unit 26 and then switches the system to the remote control mode (step B1), and the user again enters the remote manual control mode. If it is set (step B2), if the remote manual control mode is set, switch to the remote manual control mode (step B4), terminate the situation, and if the remote manual control mode is not set, switch to the remote automatic control mode. (Step B3), the process proceeds to step S3 again.

As described above, the illumination of the tunnel can be automatically controlled by analyzing the tunnel lighting by comparing the luminance of the outside with the luminance of the inside in real time and calculating the optimum luminance according to the situation.

As described above, the present invention measures the luminance values of the inside and outside of the tunnel, and compares and analyzes the luminance values in real time to achieve the tunnel lighting according to the optimal conditions in real time, so that the lighting in the tunnel can be always kept in the optimal state under any environmental conditions. Therefore, the driver's safety driving effect can be improved accordingly.

In addition, since the inside of the tunnel can be always illuminated with the required luminance, there is an effect of preventing waste of power energy due to unnecessary over-lighting according to the photosensitivity compensation ratio as in the prior art.

Claims (4)

In illuminating the interior of the tunnel, It detects the luminance of the inside of the tunnel which directly affects the driver's compliance, and simultaneously detects the luminance of the inside of the tunnel, and compares and analyzes the luminance values of both sides through this comparison value. Tunnel lighting control method characterized in that the control to gradually reduce the illumination. The step of comparing and analyzing the luminance values of both sides comprises determining whether the automatic control mode is set in the main control unit 23 (step S1). If it is determined whether the control mode is set (step S2), if the remote control mode is not set, it senses the brightness information transmitted from the external brightness sensor 20 (step S3), and the internal brightness sensor 10 installed in the tunnel. Detects the luminance information transmitted from step S4), calculates an optimal brightness by comparing the outdoor luminance with the internal luminance (step S5), and adopts the set stepwise control method based on the step (step S6); If the current luminance value matches the optimal control data, the current illuminance is maintained (step S7). If the current luminance value is larger than the optimal control data (step S8), the level is turned off by turning the level down (step S9). Return to step S3 The above process is repeated until the luminance value of the data coincides with the optimal data. If the luminance value is less than the optimal data in the step S8, the light is increased by one step (step S10), and then fed back to the step S3 to present Tunnel lighting control method characterized in that the above steps are repeated until the luminance value of the coincides with the optimal data. An external luminance sensor 20 installed outside the tunnel 100 to sense luminance affecting the driver's visual compliance; An internal luminance sensor 10 installed inside the tunnel 100 to measure road surface luminance in the tunnel; A controller 30 connected to the internal and external luminance sensors 10 and 20 to compare and compare the measured values thereof and to transmit a control signal to the lighting switchboard according to the internal and external luminance ratios previously input; Tunnel lighting control device, characterized in that consisting of; a control panel for receiving a control signal from the controller 30 to turn on / off a plurality of lamps 101 installed in the tunnel (100) in multiple stages. The digital signal of claim 3, wherein the controller 30 obtains the luminance value measured by the internal and external luminance sensors 10 and 20 as an electric signal and performs a multi-level digital signal through the signal conversion units 21 and 22. After the conversion to the main control unit 23, the main control unit 23 composed of a computer computing device analyzes both luminance values and provides the control signal to the output conversion unit 24 according to the internal and external luminance ratio set in advance. In addition, the output conversion unit 24 is a tunnel lighting control device, characterized in that for converting the control signal into an electrical signal to control each lamp 101 through the lighting circuit relay of the lighting control panel 40.