KR100314835B1 - The waste treatment system to reduce only the agriculture productions - Google Patents
The waste treatment system to reduce only the agriculture productions Download PDFInfo
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- KR100314835B1 KR100314835B1 KR1019990026261A KR19990026261A KR100314835B1 KR 100314835 B1 KR100314835 B1 KR 100314835B1 KR 1019990026261 A KR1019990026261 A KR 1019990026261A KR 19990026261 A KR19990026261 A KR 19990026261A KR 100314835 B1 KR100314835 B1 KR 100314835B1
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- Prior art keywords
- waste
- dryer
- water
- agricultural products
- product
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- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009700 powder processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000003763 chloroplast Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007602 hot air drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012858 packaging process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
- F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
- F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F26—DRYING
- F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
- F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
- F26B2200/04—Garbage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
본 발명은 초고온의 스팀을 이용하여 수분의 90% 이상을 제거토록 하여 감량화 시킴과 동시에 멸균 처리토록 하여, 이 과정에서 발생되는 유출수와 감량된 폐 농산물을 공정 중에 필요한 공정수와 열원으로 재사용할 수 있도록 하고, 잔여분은 다른 재생 용품으로 사용할 수 있도록 한 농산물 전용 폐기물 감량 시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention uses ultra-high temperature steam to remove more than 90% of the water to reduce and at the same time to sterilize, it is possible to reuse the effluent and reduced waste produced in this process as the process water and heat source required during the process. The remainder relates to a waste reduction system dedicated to agricultural products which can be used for other recyclables.
종래에 대부분의 폐 농산물은 다른 폐기물과 혼합된 상태에서 전량 매립지에서 매립 처리되었으나, 매립지에서의 침출수 발생 및 농산물 자체의 높은 수분 함유율로 인한 매립 전 단계의 폐기물 수송의 어려움과 매립지의 부족으로 근래에는 탈수기로 탈수시키거나 자연 건조된 상태에서 폐기물을 감량시킨 후 건조로에 투입시켜 열풍 건조 후 소각로에서 소각 처리시킨 후 최종 잔여물만을 매립 처리하고 있다.In the past, most waste agricultural products were landfilled in landfills mixed with other wastes, but in recent years, due to the difficulty of transporting waste at the pre-landfill stage and lack of landfills due to the generation of leachate from the landfill and the high water content of the agricultural products themselves, Wastes are dehydrated with a dehydrator or naturally dried, and then put into a drying furnace, incinerated in an incinerator after hot air drying, and only the final residues are landfilled.
그러나 상기한 처리 공법은 폐 농산물이 다른 폐기물과 혼합된 상태에서 처리되는 것이 대부분이기 때문에 탈수기에 탈수시킬 때 발생되는 폐수와 건조로에서 열풍 건조 및 가열처리 되는 과정에서의 배출 가스 또한 제 2의 오염물질로서 처리되어야 하는 문제점이 있을 뿐 아니라 건조로에 열풍을 공급하거나 소각로에서의 소각 처리를 위해서는 많은 연료가 공급되어야 하기 때문에 연료비로 인한 유지비가 상승되는 문제점이 있는 것이다.However, since the above-mentioned treatment methods are mostly processed in a state where the waste agricultural products are mixed with other wastes, the waste gas generated when dehydrating to the dehydrator and the hot air drying and heat treatment in the drying furnace are also secondary pollutants. As well as a problem that must be treated as a large amount of fuel must be supplied for supplying hot air to the drying furnace or incineration in the incinerator, there is a problem that the maintenance cost due to the fuel cost is increased.
본 발명은 상기한 종래의 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 안출한 것으로, 본 발명의 목적은 폐 농산물을 감량시킴에 있어서, 초 고온의 스팀을 사용하여 폐 농산물 중에 포함된 염록소를 파괴시켜 수분을 90% 가지 제거토록 하여 감량함과 동시에 멸균까지 되도록 함으로서, 이 과정에서 발생되는 유출수 및 감량된 폐 농산물을 시스템 내에 재사용할 수 있도록 하고, 잔여물 또한 대체물로 재사용토록 하여 2차 오염물질 없이 폐 농산물을 효과적으로 처리토록 하기 위한 것이다.The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, an object of the present invention is to reduce waste agricultural products, by using a very high temperature steam to destroy the chlorophyll contained in the waste agricultural products 90% By eliminating and reducing sterilization and sterilization, the effluent and reduced waste produced in this process can be reused in the system, and the residue can be reused as a substitute to effectively treat the waste without secondary pollution. It is intended to be.
따라서 본 발명의 목적을 달성하기 위한 시스템 구성을 투입부(1), 스팀기(2), 압축기(3), 건조기(4), 분쇄기(5), 압축성형기(6), 분말가공기(7), 포장기(8)로 형성하여, 상기 투입부(1)에 폐 농산물만(20)을 투입하여 일정 온도(400∼800℃)로 스팀 온도가 유지토록 되는 스팀 발생기(2)를 통과하는 동안 폐 농산물 중에 포함된 엽록체를 파괴시켜 섬유질만 남을 수 있도록 하여 수분을 90% 가지 제거토록 하여, 이 과정에서 발생되는 유출수(30)는 스팀기(2)의 스팀 발생수로 재사용할 수 있도록 하고, 탈수된 폐 농산물(40)은 건조, 분쇄 공정을 거쳐 수분이 거의 제거된 상태의 분쇄물(40)로 하여 압축 성형 후 가열로(3)에 투입시켜 스팀기(2)의 스팀 발생용 연료로 재사용함과 동시에 건조기(4)에 투입시켜 건조기의 열풍 발생용 연료로 재사용토록 하고, 잔여 분쇄물(50a) 또한 다른 재생 용품으로 사용토록 가공, 포장 공정을 거치도록 한 것이다.Therefore, the system configuration for achieving the object of the present invention is the input unit (1), steam (2), compressor (3), dryer (4), grinder (5), compression molding machine (6), powder processing machine (7), Formed as a packing machine 8, while only the waste agricultural product 20 is put into the input unit 1 while passing through the steam generator (2) to maintain the steam temperature at a predetermined temperature (400 ~ 800 ℃) waste agricultural products Destroys the chloroplasts contained in them so that only fiber remains, so that 90% of moisture is removed, and the effluent water 30 generated in this process can be reused as steam generated water in the steamer 2 and dehydrated waste. The agricultural product 40 is a pulverized product 40 in which the water is almost removed through drying and pulverization, and is put into the heating furnace 3 after compression molding and reused as a fuel for steam generation of the steamer 2. It is put in the dryer (4) to be reused as fuel for generating the hot air of the dryer, the remaining pulverized product (50a) Ever used as other renewable supplies will have to go through the processing, packaging processes.
도 1은 본 발명을 구성하는 시스템의 흐름도.1 is a flow diagram of a system constituting the present invention.
도 2는 폐 농산물이 투입되는 투입부의 구조도.Figure 2 is a structural diagram of the input unit into which waste agricultural products are put.
도 3은 본 발명에 적용되는 스팀기의 사용 일례를 나타낸 구조도.3 is a structural diagram showing an example of use of a steam machine applied to the present invention.
<도면의주요부분에대한부호의설명>Explanation of symbols on the main parts of the drawing
1: 투입부 2: 스팀발생기1: input part 2: steam generator
3: 가열로 4: 건조기3: furnace 4: dryer
5: 분쇄기 6: 압축 성형기5: grinder 6: compression molding machine
7: 분말 가공기 8: 포장기7: powder processing machine 8: packing machine
11: 콘베이어 12: 여과판11: Conveyor 12: Filter Plate
13: 배수관13: drain pipe
20: 폐 농산물 30: 유출수20: waste produce 30: runoff
40: 탈수된 폐 농산물 50, 50a: 분쇄물40: dehydrated waste produce 50, 50a: milled product
60: 성형물60: molding
이하에서는 첨부 도면을 참조하여 본 고안의 가장 바람직한 일실시예를 상세히 설명하기로 한다. 우선, 각 도면을 설명함에 있어, 동일한 구성 요소들에 한해서는 비록 다른 도면상에 도시되더라도 가능한 한 동일한 참조부호를 갖는다.Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings will be described in detail the most preferred embodiment of the present invention. First, in describing each of the drawings, the same components have the same reference numerals as much as possible even though they are shown in different drawings.
도 1에 도시된 바와 같이 본 발명의 농산물 전용 폐기물 감량 시스템은 폐 농산물(20)이 투입되는 투입부(1), 투입된 폐기물의 수분을 약 90% 까지 제거하기 위하여 초 고온의 증기가 발생되는 스팀 발생기(2), 탈수된 폐 농산물(40)을 열풍에 의하여 건조시키기 위한 건조기(4), 건조된 폐기물을 분쇄토록 하기 위한 분쇄기(5), 분쇄물(50)을 일정 모양으로 형성토록 하기 위한 압축성형기(6) 및 잔여 분쇄물(50a)을 다른 재생 용품으로 사용토록 하기 위한 분말가공기(7)와 포장기(8), 상기 스팀 발생기(2)의 스팀 발생 열원을 공급하기 위한 가열로(3)로 구성된다.As shown in FIG. 1, the waste reduction system for agricultural products dedicated to the present invention includes an input unit 1 into which the waste agricultural products 20 are introduced, and steam having ultra-high temperature steam generated to remove water of the injected waste by about 90%. Generator (2), dryer (4) for drying the dehydrated waste products (40) by hot air, pulverizer (5) for crushing the dried waste, and pulverization (50) for forming a certain shape Powder furnace (7), packing machine (8), and heating furnace (3) for supplying steam generating heat source of the steam generator (2) for use of the compression molding machine (6) and the remaining pulverized product (50a) as other recyclables. It is composed of
이때 폐 농산물(20)이 투입되는 투입부(1)의 구조는 호퍼(hopper) 식으로 되어 투입부(1)의 상부로 유입된 폐 농산물(20)이 하부로 유출되면서 이송 콘베이어(11)로 이송된 후 이물질 여과판(12)에 의하여 이물질은 여과 후 추출되고, 폐 농산물 표면에 부착된 수분은 배수관(13a)으로 유출토록 되어 있다.In this case, the structure of the input unit 1 into which the waste agricultural product 20 is introduced is a hopper type, and the waste agricultural product 20 introduced into the upper part of the input unit 1 flows out into the lower portion to the conveying conveyor 11. After the transfer, the foreign matter is extracted by filtration by the foreign matter filter plate 12, and the water attached to the surface of the waste agricultural products is allowed to flow out into the drain pipe 13a.
스팀 발생기(2)는 스팀이 발생되는 스팀 발생구가 터널식으로 형성되고 스크류 구조의 콘베이어(11a)가 상기 스팀 발생구의 사이로 이송토록 되는 구조로서, 스팀 발생기(2) 내에서 발생되는 스팀은 400∼800℃의 초고온 스팀열로 유지토록 되면서 체류 시간이 5초 정도로 설계 되어야 한다.The steam generator 2 has a structure in which a steam generating port for generating steam is formed in a tunnel type, and a conveyor 11a having a screw structure is transferred between the steam generating holes. The steam generated in the steam generator 2 is 400 to The residence time should be designed to be around 5 seconds while maintaining it at 800 ℃ ultra high temperature steam.
이때 400∼800℃의 스팀을 사용토록 함은 엽록체의 완전 파괴로 인한 폐 농산물의 효과적인 감량을 위한 온도 범위로서 반드시 유지되어야 하는 것이고, 이로 인해 멸균 처리된 감량 폐 농산물(40)이나 탈수된 수분(30)은 공정 내에 재사용이 가능하도록 되는 것이다.At this time, the use of steam of 400 ~ 800 ℃ must be maintained as a temperature range for the effective reduction of the waste produce due to the complete destruction of the chloroplast, so that the sterilized weight loss waste produce 40 or dehydrated water ( 30 is to be reused in the process.
따라서 폐 농산물(20)은 스팀 발생기(2)를 통과하는 동안 초고온에 의하여엽록체가 완전히 파괴되어 섬유소만이 남은 상태에서 스크류 구조의 콘베이어(11a)에 의하여 이송되면서 압축되므로 수분의 90% 까지 제거됨과 동시에 멸균 처리되어, 발생되는 수분은 스팀 발생기(20) 하단부의 배수관(13b)을 통하여 유출토록 되고, 스팀 발생기(2) 내부에서 발생되는 증기와 일부 기화되는 물질은 스팀 발생기의 내부압에 의하여 방출구를 통하여 외부로 방출토록 하거나 오존 여과장치 및 바이오 필터 등으로 유입 후 배출토록 하여 청정 상태를 더욱 유지토록 할 수 있다.Therefore, the waste agricultural product 20 is completely destroyed by ultra-high temperature while passing through the steam generator 2, and is compressed by being transported by the conveyor 11a of the screw structure with only cellulose remaining, thus removing up to 90% of moisture. At the same time, sterilization is performed, and the generated water is discharged through the drain pipe 13b at the lower end of the steam generator 20, and steam generated in the steam generator 2 and some vaporized substances are released by the internal pressure of the steam generator. It can be discharged to the outside through the outlet or discharged after entering into the ozone filtration device and bio filter, etc. to maintain the clean state more.
건조기(4)는 스팀 발생기(2)에 의하여 섬유질만 남은 상태의 탈수된 폐 농산물(40)을 열풍에 의하여 잔여 수분을 좀더 제거하여 건조토록 하기 위한 것으로, 건조기(4) 내부의 열풍의 온도는 반드시 300∼500℃ 정도로 유지토록 하여야만 효과적인 건조가 이루어 지게 되는 것이다.Dryer (4) is to remove the residual moisture by hot air to dry the dehydrated waste product 40 in the state of remaining only the fiber by the steam generator (2) to dry, the temperature of the hot air in the dryer (4) It must be maintained at about 300 ~ 500 ℃ effective drying will be achieved.
따라서 상기와 같은 구조의 특징으로 형성된 기기에 의하여 폐 농산물(20)만을 감량시키기 위한 시스템은 다음과 같은 공정으로 이루어 진다.Therefore, the system for reducing only the waste produce 20 by the device formed by the characteristics of the above structure is made of the following process.
투입부(1)에 투입된 폐 농산물(20)은 스팀 발생기(2)에서 발생되는 초 고온의 스팀에 의하여 섬유소를 제외한 수분의 90% 까지 제거되어 감량화 되어, 제거된 수분은 배수관(13b)으로 유출되어 상기 스팀 발생기(2)의 스팀 발생수의 순환수로 재 사용되고, 탈수된 폐 농산물(40)은 건조기(4)로 이송되어 열풍에 의하여 건조된 후 분쇄기(5)로 이송되어 분쇄된다.The waste agricultural product 20 introduced into the input unit 1 is reduced to 90% of the moisture excluding cellulose by the ultra-high temperature steam generated by the steam generator 2, and the water is removed to the drain pipe 13b. Then, the steam generator 2 is reused as circulating water of the steam generating water, and the dehydrated waste agricultural product 40 is transferred to the dryer 4, dried by hot air, and then transferred to the grinder 5 and crushed.
이 후 분쇄물(50)은 압축성형기(6)에서 일정한 모양으로 성형된 성형물(60)은 건조기(4)와 가열로(3)로 투입되어 건조기(4)로 투입된 분쇄물(50)은 건조기(4)의 열풍 발생 연료로 사용되고, 가열로(3)로 투입된 분쇄물(50)은 스팀기(2)에 공급되는 열원으로 사용토록 하기 위한 가열로(3)의 열원으로 사용되고, 잔여 분쇄물(50a)은 다른 재사용품으로 사용토록 분말 가공기(7)와 포장기(8)를 차례로 거치는 공정으로 구성되어 진다.After that, the pulverized product 50 is molded in a predetermined shape in the compression molding machine 6, and the pulverized product 50 introduced into the dryer 4 and the heating furnace 3 is introduced into the dryer 4. The pulverized product 50 used as the hot wind generating fuel of (4) and fed into the heating furnace 3 is used as a heat source of the heating furnace 3 for use as a heat source supplied to the steamer 2, and the remaining pulverized product ( 50a) consists of a process of sequentially passing through a powder processing machine 7 and a packing machine 8 for use as another reused product.
본 발명은 종래의 폐기물 처리기와는 달리 폐 농산물만을 전용으로 처리하기 위한 것으로, 특히 폐 농산물을 감량 처리하는 과정에서 초고온의 스팀을 사용하여 엽록체를 완전히 파괴시켜 출하 시까지 폐 농산물의 약 95% 이상의 감량율을 달성함과 동시에 전체 공정에서 발생되는 유출수 뿐 아니라 감량된 폐 농산물을 이용하여 전체 공정에 필요한 공정 수와 열원으로 사용토록 되는 시스템이기 때문에 제 2의 오염물질의 배출이 없을 뿐 아니라 시스템 운영 시 소요되는 유지 관리비를 절감할 수 있는 효과가 있는 것이다.The present invention, unlike the conventional waste treatment to treat only waste agricultural products, in particular in the process of reducing the waste agricultural products by using super-high temperature steam to completely destroy the chloroplasts until about 95% It is a system that can be used as the number of processes and heat source required for the entire process by using the reduced waste agricultural products as well as the effluent generated in the whole process while achieving the reduction rate. It is effective in reducing maintenance costs.
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| KR1019990026261A KR100314835B1 (en) | 1999-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | The waste treatment system to reduce only the agriculture productions |
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| KR1019990026261A KR100314835B1 (en) | 1999-07-01 | 1999-07-01 | The waste treatment system to reduce only the agriculture productions |
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Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR930016027A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1993-08-26 | 김동호 | Manufacturing method of feed using food waste |
| KR930019806A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-19 | 전병연 | Waste-themed Solid Fuel Manufacturing System |
| KR950002653A (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-02-16 | 안기복 | Feed production equipment using agricultural products and food waste |
| JPH08332469A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-17 | Plando Kenkyusho:Kk | Small-sized municipal refuse treatment equipment by thermal recycling and environmental safeguard type combined system |
| KR19980026645U (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-08-05 | 백운화 | Dehydration device for high humidity waste treatment |
| KR19990009301A (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-02-05 | 곽락규 | Food waste disposal method |
| KR19990075118A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-10-15 | 황병복 | Method and apparatus for drying food waste |
-
1999
- 1999-07-01 KR KR1019990026261A patent/KR100314835B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR930016027A (en) * | 1992-01-09 | 1993-08-26 | 김동호 | Manufacturing method of feed using food waste |
| KR930019806A (en) * | 1992-03-25 | 1993-10-19 | 전병연 | Waste-themed Solid Fuel Manufacturing System |
| KR950002653A (en) * | 1993-07-27 | 1995-02-16 | 안기복 | Feed production equipment using agricultural products and food waste |
| JPH08332469A (en) * | 1995-06-08 | 1996-12-17 | Plando Kenkyusho:Kk | Small-sized municipal refuse treatment equipment by thermal recycling and environmental safeguard type combined system |
| KR19980026645U (en) * | 1996-11-12 | 1998-08-05 | 백운화 | Dehydration device for high humidity waste treatment |
| KR19990009301A (en) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-02-05 | 곽락규 | Food waste disposal method |
| KR19990075118A (en) * | 1998-03-17 | 1999-10-15 | 황병복 | Method and apparatus for drying food waste |
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| KR19990073305A (en) | 1999-10-05 |
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