JPH08332469A - Small-sized municipal refuse treatment equipment by thermal recycling and environmental safeguard type combined system - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To effectively utilize efficient and cost effective energy particularly with a small scale. CONSTITUTION: The waste G, such as municipal refuse, is produced to solid fuel RDF by a solid fuel producing apparatus 3. Namely, the waste G is coarsely crushed by a first crushing machine 13 and, thereafter, the physicochemical reaction thereof is accelerated by a mixing and heating reactor 15. This refuse is finely crushed by a second crushing machine 17. The refuse is then compression molded by a compression molding machine 19 and is dried and solidified by a drying and solidifying machine 21, by which the solid fuel RDF is produced. The solid fuel RDF is stored in a solid fuel storage field 5 and,thereafter, a proper amt. of the solid fuel is burned by a burner 7. The combustion gas FG generated by the combustion is sent to a boiler 9 where steam S and hot water W are generated. The generated steam S is sent to a steam engine generator 11, by which electric power P is generated. Then, the small-sized municipal refuse treating equipment 1 by the thermal recycling and environmental safeguard type combined system is built.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention consistently produces wastes such as municipal solid waste into solid fuels, and generates energy such as steam, hot water and electric power based on the produced solid fuels. The present invention relates to a small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility using a combined thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art The conventional incineration system for municipal solid wastes developed for the purpose of sanitary treatment and disposal of municipal solid wastes is usually carried out in units of municipalities. For this reason, in Japan, 50% or more of the municipal waste incinerators have a daily treatment capacity of 50 tons or less. These facilities generally employ batch or semi-batch furnaces, which are suitable for putting batch-mixed waste directly into the furnace and incinerating it. However, in these furnaces, a method has been adopted in which wood chips and large-scale garbage that are easily burned and have good air permeability are first added, and then general municipal waste is added and incinerated. Especially in Japan, high-moisture dust that is almost twice as large as that in Europe and the United States is produced. Therefore, a method of attaching a burner to support combustion with oil or LPG has been adopted until recently.

In recent years, a large amount of plastics of up to 10% is contained in Japanese municipal waste, and the mixing ratio of paper, fiber, etc. is also increasing. This has made it difficult to rely on conventional large-scale incineration systems. First, due to non-uniform charging, plastics and the like burn partially violently to generate clinker, and the incinerator is overheated to damage bricks and the like. On the other hand, unburned matter is generated by the hard-to-burn garbage, which causes a large amount of unburned gas in the exhaust gas, which is one of the causes of dioxin generation.

In order to improve such a conventional technique, a stalker type small furnace, a kiln furnace and the like have been adopted recently, but the basic problem has not been solved yet. In addition, although the number of municipalities that use fluidized bed furnaces is increasing, it is difficult to maintain a small and stable operation, and the cost required for pollution control equipment etc. is high, making it an extremely low cost-effective incineration treatment method. ing.

Further, at present, the separated collection method stipulated by law is adopted in many municipalities and is about to be spread. In this case, the mixture of incombustibles such as cans and bottles is reduced,
The tendency that the air permeability of dust is deteriorated and the combustion performance is significantly impaired is found not only in the batch furnace but also in the stalker furnace.

As described above, the prior art has reached the limit as a method for sanitary treatment and disposal of municipal waste,
It also causes the inefficiency of releasing all the generated energy into the atmosphere. In large-scale incineration facilities, it has become possible to use residual heat to generate electricity and to install various facilities that use steam or hot water in the surrounding area.
In a small-scale facility, it burns as much as possible and cannot generate residual heat. In this respect as well, in Japan, where there are many small furnaces, a great deal of energy loss is coming in the age when energy resources should be recycled. Theoretically, the possibility of solving these problems by a fluidized bed furnace or the like has been examined, but the construction cost is huge and it is hardly feasible.

[0007]

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION The present invention provides a technology capable of technically solving all the problems of the prior art and efficiently recovering energy from municipal waste even with small equipment and effectively utilizing it for power generation or the like. The challenge is to develop. That is, it is to make the quality of the waste uniform, continuously feed it stably and uniformly, and enable stable combustion with a uniform temperature distribution. Also for this purpose, the amount of dust feed and the amount of air blown can be freely controlled to completely burn the exhaust gas and ash so that unburned matter does not remain, especially to remove Hcl and SOx in the exhaust gas, Preventing corrosion of heat recovery boilers is an important issue. In addition, it is possible to effectively use the energy of municipal solid waste by enabling the generated steam to generate electricity. Moreover, lowering the construction cost compared to the conventional incineration method is also an issue.

The object of the present invention is to utilize solid waste fuel technology, solid fuel combustors, boilers and power generators to produce efficient and profitable energy especially on a small scale with a daily throughput of about 10 t / day. It is to provide a small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility by a thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system that can be effectively used and can also be effectively applied to a medium-scale facility with a daily treatment amount of about 40 tons / day.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, a small-sized municipal solid waste treatment facility using the thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system of the present invention according to claim 1 is a first crusher for waste such as municipal solid waste. , Mixed heating reactor, second
A solid fuel production apparatus using waste that produces a solid fuel by drying and solidifying with a drying and solidifying machine through a crusher and a compression molding machine, and a solid fuel produced by this solid fuel production apparatus is stored. A solid fuel storage site, a combustor that burns based on the solid fuel stored in the solid fuel storage site, and a boiler that generates steam and hot water based on the combustion gas burned by the combustor. And are provided.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a small-sized municipal solid waste treatment facility by the combined thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system according to the first aspect of the present invention, In order to use the generated combustion gas as a heat source for drying of the drying and solidifying machine of the solid fuel producing apparatus, the combustor and the drying and solidifying machine are connected by a combustion gas connecting pipe.

According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a small-sized municipal solid waste treatment facility according to the thermal cycle / environmental protection combined system of the present invention.
In order to use the steam or hot water generated in the boiler as a heat source for heating to accelerate the reaction of the mixed heating reactor of the solid fuel production system, connect the boiler and the mixed heating reactor with a heating connecting pipe. It is a feature.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a small-sized municipal solid waste treatment facility using the thermal cycle / environmental protection combined system according to the present invention. A steam-driven generator that generates electric power based on the steam generated in the boiler is used as a power source of electric power in each of the above-mentioned devices, or when the solid fuel manufacturing device is at rest, electric power, steam, It is characterized by supplying hot water.

[0013]

The thermal cycle of the present invention according to claim 1
In a small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility using an environmental protection complex system, waste such as municipal solid waste is manufactured into a solid fuel by a solid fuel manufacturing device. That is, after wastes such as municipal waste are roughly crushed by the first crusher, physicochemical reactions are promoted by the mixing heating reactor and finely crushed by the second crusher. Next, after being compression molded by a compression molding machine, it is dried and solidified by a dry solidification machine to produce a solid fuel.

The solid fuel produced by this solid fuel producing apparatus is temporarily stored in the solid fuel storage, and then an appropriate amount of solid fuel is burned by the combustor. The combustion gas generated by this combustion is sent to the boiler to generate steam and hot water.

In the small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility by the thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system of the present invention according to claim 2, since the combustor and the drying and solidifying machine are connected by the connecting pipe for combustion gas, it is generated in the combustor. The produced combustion gas is sent to the drying and solidifying machine through the combustion gas connecting pipe and is reused as a heat source for drying.

According to the third aspect of the present invention, in the small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility by the thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system, since the boiler and the mixing heating reactor are connected by the heating connecting pipe, the steam generated in the boiler is generated. Alternatively, the hot water is sent to the mixing heating reactor through the heating connecting pipe and is reused as a heating heat source.

According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility by the thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system, since the steam-driven generator is provided, the steam generated in the boiler is steam-driven generator. Power is generated. In addition, it is used as a power source of electric power in each device, or electric power, steam and hot water are supplied to peripheral facilities when the solid fuel production device is at rest.

[0018]

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1, a small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility 1 by a thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system 1
Is a solid fuel production apparatus 3 for producing a solid fuel RDF from waste G such as municipal waste, and a solid fuel storage site for storing the solid fuel RDF produced by the solid fuel production apparatus 3. (RDF Reservoir) 5, a combustor 7 for burning based on the solid fuel RDF stored in the solid fuel storage 5, and a steam based on the combustion gas FG burned by the combustor 7. S, a boiler 9 that generates hot water W, a steam-driven generator 11 that generates electric power P based on the steam S generated by the boiler 9, and the like.

The solid fuel producing apparatus 3 comprises a first crusher 13, a mixing heating reactor 15, a second crusher 17, a compression molding machine 19 and a drying and solidifying machine 21. The first crusher 13 and the second crusher 17 are respectively a first sorter,
It includes a second sorter.

The ash storage 23 for storing the ash A generated in the combustor 7 and the exhaust gas treatment equipment 25 for treating the exhaust gas EG generated in the drying and solidifying machine 21 and the boiler 9 are the small municipal solid waste treatment equipment 1 Is attached to.

With the above structure, for example, the waste G such as municipal waste that is excluded from ordinary households or offices is
Combustible materials such as corrugated cardboard and textiles, non-combustible materials such as iron, aluminum, glass, soil, stones, etc., and moisture contained in these materials are used.For example, trucks, backers, etc. The waste G is introduced into the first crusher 13 at the required time and the additive P, which is an alkaline earth metal oxide such as CaO, is added at the required amount. It

The first crusher 13 is, for example, a hydraulic low speed drive type rough crusher, and its specific structure is known, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted, but two or three shafts having different rotational speeds are used. And a plurality of blades are provided on the outer circumference of each shaft. Then, the thrown waste G and the additive T are gripped by a two- or three-axis rotary tear blades having different rotational speeds, teared, pierced to a solid one, and driven by a low speed, high torque hydraulic drive. It is torn slowly and discharged from the discharge port at the bottom of the main unit. The first crusher 13 is driven by a hydraulic drive system, and by using a variable discharge axial piston pump, high speed and low speed torque is used during normal load, and low speed and high speed torque operation and load are performed when load is increased. Since it is possible to change the shaft rotation speed as required, it is possible to control the crushing load in an optimum state at all times.

The first waste G1 roughly crushed and selected by the first crusher 13 is put into the mixing heating reactor 15.
The mixing and heating reactor 15 is composed of, for example, a rotary hexagonal mixer, a ribbon mixer, a moving screw type agitator, a rigid multistage agitator, etc., and is heated and mixed for a certain period while being stored. As the heating means in the mixing and heating reactor 15, hot air, a heating tube, a jacket of steam or warm water may be used to increase the reaction rate. It is preferably carried out in a sealed state, for example, at 50 ° C. or higher and 80 ° C. or lower for about 1 hour. In this mixing heating reactor 15, a mixing storage reaction and a mixing degassing reaction are performed.

[0025] The second mixture reacted in the mixed heating reactor 15
From the waste G2, metals such as iron and non-ferrous are removed and harmful hazardous substances are removed. Further, after the medium-sized inorganic substances such as bottles and blocks are selected and removed, they are sent to the second crusher 17. The second crusher 17 is composed of, for example, a hammer mill, and the second waste G2 is further finely crushed and selected by the second crusher 17.

The third waste G3 finely crushed by the second crusher 17 is put into the compression molding device 19. In this compression molding device 19, the density is increased by the compression action, and then the material is extruded and formed into particles. This compression molding machine 19
The fourth waste G4, which has been formed into a granular shape by, is put into the drying and solidifying machine 21. In this drying and solidifying machine 21, the temperature is set to 13
The solid fuel RDF is heated to 0 to 230 ° C., sterilized to complete thermochemical changes, and at the same time as removing water, alkali (CaCoH) ₂ contained therein is neutralized and solidified with CO ₂ gas. Is obtained.

The solid fuel RDF obtained by the drying and solidifying machine 21 is stored in a solid fuel storage (RDF storage) 5 arranged near the drying and solidifying machine 21 and the combustor 7.
The solid fuel RDF stored in this solid fuel storage 5
Is injected into the combustor 7 and burned in a required amount at a required time to generate a combustion gas FG, and the combustion gas FG is sent to the boiler 9. In this boiler 9, steam S or hot water W is generated. The generated steam S is sent to the steam driven generator 11 to obtain electric power P.

The ash A generated in the combustor 7 is sent to the ash storage 23 and can be easily disposed of. The exhaust gas EG generated in the drying and solidifying machine 21 and the combustor 7 of the solid fuel manufacturing apparatus 3 can be sent to the exhaust gas treatment facility 25 and easily disposed.

Further, the combustion gas F generated in the combustor 7
G can be sent to the drying and solidifying machine 21 through the combustion gas connecting pipe 27 connected to the combustor 7 and the drying and solidifying machine 21, and reused as a heat source for drying. Further, the steam S or the warm water W generated in the boiler 9 is sent to the mixing / heating reactor 15 through a heating connecting pipe 29 connected to the boiler 9 and the mixing / heating reactor 15, and is used for heating to accelerate the reaction. It can be reused as a heat source.

The electric power P generated by the steam driven generator 11 is used in various devices in the solid fuel production system 3, that is, the first crusher 13, the mixing heating reactor 15, the second crusher 1.
7, the compression molding machine 19, the drying and solidifying machine 21, the combustor 7, the boiler 9, the exhaust gas treatment equipment 25, and the like as a power source of electric power consumed by the entire equipment. In addition, it can be reused as electric power for the compressor, lighting fluorescent lamp, transfer conveyor, etc. in the entire facility. When the solid fuel production system 3 is at rest, it can be supplied to facilities in the surrounding area.

Further, the steam S and hot water W generated in the boiler 9 can be always supplied to the outside.

Therefore, the solid fuel RDF of stable quality is produced in the solid fuel production apparatus 3 even if the wastes such as municipal waste discharged from ordinary households or offices have high moisture content.
Can be manufactured. Combustion gas FG drying and solidifying machine 2
1 can be used, the steam S and the warm water W can be used in the mixed heating reactor 15 and the electric power P can be used in the private facility, so that waste of energy can be avoided and the energy can be effectively used.

Further, stable operation can be performed even if the required processing amount is small. Since there are few harmful components in the exhaust gas, the cost of the exhaust gas facility can be reduced. Since uniform combustion can be obtained and the amount of unburned matter and harmful components in the ash is small, the environmental load can be reduced and the useful life of the combustion material can be increased.

By using solid fuel, it is possible to secure the ventilation characteristics required for combustion. Uniform combustion can be obtained, the generation of harmful substances in the exhaust gas can be suppressed, and a combination with a high efficiency boiler is possible.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, but can be implemented in other modes by making appropriate changes.

[0036]

As can be understood from the above description of the embodiments, according to the inventions of claims 1 to 4, even if the wastes such as municipal waste discharged from ordinary households or offices have high moisture content. The solid fuel production apparatus 3 can produce stable quality solid fuel. Since the combustion gas can be used for the drying and solidifying machine, the steam and hot water mixed heating reactor, and the electric power can be used for the private facilities, not only waste of energy can be avoided but also effective use can be achieved.

Further, stable operation can be performed even with a small amount of required processing. Since there are few harmful components in the exhaust gas, the cost of the exhaust gas facility can be reduced. Since uniform combustion can be obtained and the amount of unburned matter and harmful components in the ash is small, the environmental load can be reduced and the useful life of the combustion material can be increased.

By using solid fuel, it is possible to secure the ventilation characteristics required for combustion. Uniform combustion can be obtained, the generation of harmful substances in the exhaust gas can be suppressed, and a combination with a high efficiency boiler is possible.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a structural explanatory view of an embodiment for carrying out a small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility by a thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 Small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility by thermal cycle / environmental protection combined system 3 Solid fuel production equipment 5 Solid fuel storage 7 Combustor 9 Boiler 11 Steam driven generator 13 First crusher 15 Mixed heating reactor 17th 2 Crusher 19 Compression molding machine 21 Drying and solidifying machine 23 Ash storage 25 Exhaust gas treatment equipment 27 Combustion gas connecting pipe 29 Heating connecting pipe

Claims (4)

[Claims] 1. A solid produced by producing solid fuel by solidifying a waste such as municipal waste through a first crusher, a mixing heating reactor, a second crusher, a compression molding machine and a drying and solidifying machine to produce a solid fuel. For producing a solid fuel, a solid fuel storage for storing the solid fuel produced by the solid fuel producing apparatus, and burning based on the solid fuel stored in the solid fuel storage A small-scale municipal solid waste treatment facility using a thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system, which comprises a combustor and a boiler that generates steam and hot water based on the combustion gas burned by the combustor. 2. A combustor and a dry solidifying machine are connected by a combustion gas connecting pipe so that the combustion gas generated by the combustor is used as a heat source for drying of the dry solidifying machine of the solid fuel producing apparatus. The small-sized municipal solid waste treatment facility by the thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system according to claim 1. 3. The boiler and the mixed heating reactor are heated so that the steam or hot water generated in the boiler is used as a heat source for heating to accelerate the reaction of the mixed heating reactor of the solid fuel producing apparatus. The small-sized municipal solid waste treatment facility by the thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system according to claim 1, wherein the facilities are connected by a connecting pipe. 4. A steam-driven generator that generates electric power based on the steam generated in the boiler, is used as a power source of electric power in each of the devices, or when the solid fuel production device is at rest, the surrounding area facility. Electric power, steam, and hot water are supplied to the small-sized municipal solid waste treatment facility by the thermal cycle / environmental protection type combined system according to claim 1, 2, or 3.