JP2002045829A - Method and equipment for treating organic waste - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an organic waste treating method in which the time taken to manufacture compost from organic waste is shortened to make an equipment for treating organic waste small in scale and to provide the equipment for treating organic waste. SOLUTION: The waste discharging port of a crusher 11 is connected to the waste receiving port of a dehydrating device 12 and the solid discharging port of the device 12 to the waste receiving port of a drying tank 14. The waste discharging port of the tank 14 is connected to the waste receiving port of a fermentation tank 15 and the waste discharging port of the tank 15 to the waste receiving port of a sterilization tank 16. The air supplying ports of the tanks 14, 15, 16 are connected to a heater 18 where the air 102 from a blower 17 is heated so that the heated air to be supplied to each of the tanks 14, 15, 16 is adjusted to have separately prescribed temperatures. The air discharging ports of the tanks 15, 16 are connected to the air receiving port of a deodorizing device 19 and the waste discharging port of the tank 16 to an aging house 115.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a method and a facility for treating organic waste, such as garbage, which is composted by fermentation with microorganisms.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, organic waste such as garbage has been treated by incineration or landfill. However, recently, due to the generation of harmful substances due to incineration and the shortage of landfill sites, microorganisms have been used. It is being fermented and composted.

As shown in FIG. 4, such composting of organic waste is performed by converting organic waste 100 into a crusher 11.
The crushed organic waste 100 is mixed with sub-materials 102 such as sawdust and microorganisms 104 and spread inside a vast fermentation building 112, and the air 103 heated by the heating blower 113 is crushed in the fermentation building 112. The fermentation treatment (primary treatment) by microorganisms is carried out while the organic waste 100 is being dried and dried to produce a primary treatment product 105, and the air 103 is continuously sent to sterilize the microorganisms 104.
The compost 106 is obtained by transferring to the curing building 114 and performing a curing treatment (secondary treatment). The air 103 fed into the fermentation building 112 is released to the outside after being deodorized by the deodorizer 114.

[0004]

However, microorganisms 10
In No. 4, the treatment capacity for the organic waste 100 greatly differs depending on the temperature and humidity (moisture content of the organic waste 100). However, in the conventional composting treatment as described above, since the organic waste 100 is subjected to fermentation treatment and sterilization while drying under uniform temperature conditions in the vast fermentation building 112, the treatment capacity of the microorganisms 104 is increased. It could not be fully expressed. For this reason, it takes a very long time to compost the organic waste 100, and it is impossible to obtain a sufficient treatment capacity unless the facility scale is made very large.

In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for treating organic waste and a facility capable of greatly reducing the time required for composting and reducing the size of the facility. And

[0006]

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a method for treating organic waste according to the present invention comprises a water content adjusting step of adjusting organic water to a specified water content, and a method of adjusting water content. Fermentation step of heating the organic waste that has been subjected to fermentation by heating the organic waste together with microorganisms to a prescribed temperature, and a sterilization step of heating and sterilizing the organic waste that has been subjected to fermentation to a temperature higher than the fermentation step, And a curing step of curing the sterilized organic waste.

In the above-mentioned method for treating organic waste,
A crushing step of crushing the organic waste is performed before the water content adjusting step.

In the above-mentioned method for treating organic waste,
The method is characterized in that only air in the fermentation step and the sterilization step is deodorized and then released to the outside of the system.

In the above-mentioned method for treating organic waste,
The water content adjusting step includes a dehydration step of physically removing moisture from the organic waste and a drying step of thermally removing moisture from the organic waste.

In the above-mentioned method for treating organic waste,
A part of the organic waste that has been sterilized in the sterilization step is mixed with the organic waste that has been subjected to the dehydration step in the moisture content adjustment step.

In the above-mentioned method for treating organic waste,
A part of the organic waste fermented in the fermentation step is mixed with the organic waste after the water content adjustment step.

In the above-mentioned method for treating organic waste,
The method is characterized in that heat generated from the organic waste by the microorganism in the fermentation step and the sterilization step is recovered and used for heating in the fermentation step and the sterilization step.

[0013] Further, in order to solve the above-mentioned problems, an organic waste treatment facility according to the present invention comprises a water content adjusting means for adjusting the organic waste to a specified water content; A fermentation unit for heating and fermenting organic waste together with microorganisms to a prescribed temperature, a sterilization unit for heating and sterilizing the organic waste from the fermentation unit to a temperature higher than the fermentation unit, Curing means for curing the organic waste from the means.

In the above-mentioned organic waste treatment facility,
A crushing means for crushing the organic waste and feeding the crushed organic waste to the water content adjusting means is provided.

In the above-mentioned organic waste treatment facility,
A deodorizing means is provided which deodorizes only the air inside the fermenting means and the sterilizing means and discharges the air outside the system.

In the above-mentioned organic waste treatment facility,
The water content adjusting means is a dehydrating means for physically removing water from the organic waste, a drying tank for holding the organic waste from the dewatering means, and air heated to a prescribed temperature in the drying tank. A heating means for feeding the fermentation means, wherein the fermentation means holds the organic waste from the drying tank together with microorganisms, and a heating means for feeding air heated to a specified temperature to the fermentation tank. Wherein the sterilization means comprises: a sterilization tank for holding the organic waste from the fermentation tank; and a heating means for supplying air having a higher temperature than the air supplied to the fermentation tank to the sterilization tank. It is characterized by having.

In the above-mentioned organic waste treatment facility,
The heating means uses heat generated from the organic waste by the microorganisms in the sterilization tank and the fermentation tank,
A heat recovery means for heating the air to be fed is provided.

[0018]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the method and equipment for treating organic waste according to the present invention will be described below, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[First Embodiment] A first embodiment of a method and an apparatus for treating organic waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an organic waste treatment facility.

As shown in FIG. 1, the outlet of the crusher 11, which is a crushing means for crushing the organic waste 100 such as garbage, etc., feeds the crushed organic waste 100 to a specified water content (about 80%). %) Is connected to the receiving port of the dehydrator 12, which is a dehydrating means for physically dehydrating so as to adjust to (%). The water outlet of the dehydrator 12 communicates with the receiving port of the water purifier 13 so that the water purifier 13 detoxifies the water 101 dehydrated from the organic waste 100 and discharges the water 101 out of the system. It has become.

The solids delivery outlet of the dehydrator 12 is connected to a receiving port of a drying tank 14 for holding the organic waste 100 from the dehydrator 12. The outlet of the drying tank 14 is
It is connected to the receiving port of the fermentation tank 15 that holds the organic waste 100 from the drying tank 14. The outlet of the fermenter 15 communicates with the inlet of a sterilizer 16 that holds the organic waste 100 from the fermenter 15. These tanks 1
A heater 18 which is a heating means capable of adjusting the temperature of the air 102 from the blower 17 to a temperature specified individually for each of the tanks 14 to 16 and feeding the air is connected to the air supply ports 4 to 16. I have.

The exhaust ports of the fermentation tank 15 and the sterilization tank 16 are connected to a receiving port of a deodorizer 19 which is a deodorizing means.
The air 103 exhausted from the exhaust port is deodorized and released outside the system. The delivery port of the sterilization tank 16 communicates with a curing building 115 which is a curing means.

In this embodiment, the water content adjusting means is constituted by the dehydrator 12, the drying tank 14, the blower 17, the heater 18 and the like, and the fermenter 15, the blower 17, and the heater 18
The fermentation means is constituted by, for example, the sterilization tank 16, the blower 1
7. The sterilizing means is constituted by the heater 18 and the like.

An organic waste treatment method using such an organic waste treatment facility will be described below.

When the organic waste 100 is put into the crusher 11, the organic waste 100 is crushed to a predetermined size (crushing step), transferred to the dehydrator 12, and brought to a specified water content (about 80%). The material is physically (eg, centrifuged) dehydrated (dehydration step). Water 101 generated from the dehydrator 12 is rendered harmless by the water purifier 13 and discharged out of the system.

The dewatered organic waste 100 is supplied to the drying tank 1
4 to reduce the apparent water content and secure a place where the microorganisms 104 can live.
02 is mixed in a predetermined amount, and the air 103 blown from the blower 17 and heated to a specified temperature (about 40 to 50 ° C.) by the heater 18 is fed into the drying tank 14, thereby causing microorganisms Moisture content appropriate for aerobic fermentation (about 60-7
0%) (drying step). The air 103 sent into the drying tank 14 is discharged out of the system as it is (above, the water content adjusting step).

The dried organic waste 100 is transferred into the fermenter 15, to which the microorganisms 104 are added, and is blown from the blower 17 to a specified temperature (about 60 to 70 ° C.) via the heater 18. The heated air 103 is supplied into the drying tank 14 so that the air 103 is heated at an optimum temperature (about 60 to 70 ° C.) and a water content (about 60 to 70%) for aerobic fermentation by the microorganisms 104. Fermentation treatment (primary treatment)
(Fermentation step) to become the first processed material 105. Fermenter 1
The air 103 sent into the inside 5 is deodorized by the deodorizer 19 and then released outside the system.

The primary processed material 105, which is the organic waste 100 subjected to the fermentation treatment, is transferred into the sterilization tank 16 and the blower 1
7 and a specified temperature (about 8
The air 103 heated to 0 ° C. or higher) is fed into the sterilization tank 16, whereby the microorganisms 104 in the primary processing object 105 are sterilized (sterilization step). The air 103 sent into the sterilization tank 16 is deodorized by the deodorizer 19 and then released outside the system.

The primary processed material 105, which is the organic waste 100 that has been sterilized, is transferred to a curing building 115, where it undergoes a curing process (secondary process) to become compost 106.

That is, conventionally, the organic waste 100 was treated under uniform conditions (temperature and moisture content) in the vast fermentation building 112, so that the fermentation treatment could not be performed under optimum conditions. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the organic waste 10
0 in the drying tank 14 is suitable for aerobic fermentation (about 60 to
(70%), fermentation is performed in the fermentation tank 15 at a temperature optimal for aerobic fermentation (60 to 70 ° C.), and then sterilization is performed in the sterilization tank 16.

For this reason, in the above-described organic waste treatment method and its equipment, the treatment capacity of the microorganisms 104 can be sufficiently exhibited, and the time required to obtain the primary treatment product 105 can be greatly reduced. be able to.

Therefore, according to the above-described method for treating organic waste and its equipment, the size of the equipment can be reduced, and the space required for installation can be significantly reduced.

Conventionally, the organic waste 100 was treated in a vast fermenter 112 for drying to sterilization, so that a large installation space was required. Since the layers can be arranged hierarchically in the vertical direction for each process, the space required for installation can be further reduced (about 1/1 compared to the conventional case).
0).

Conventionally, since the air 103 fed into the vast fermenter 112 for performing the drying process to the sterilization process is deodorized by the deodorizer 114 and released to the outside of the system, a very large amount of air 103 is discharged. Must be deodorized. However, in the above-described method for treating organic waste and its equipment, only the air 103 in the fermentation tank 15 and the sterilization tank 16 that needs to be deodorized needs to be deodorized. And the space is much smaller than before, so that the equipment for deodorizing treatment can be reduced in size.

[Second Embodiment] A second embodiment of the method and equipment for treating organic waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of an organic waste treatment facility. However, the same portions as those in the first embodiment described above are denoted by the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 2, the delivery port of the sterilization tank 16 is also connected to the reception port of the drying tank 14 so that a part of the sterilized primary processing material 105 is removed from the dehydrated organic waste. It can be mixed with the object 100 and fed into the drying tank 14. The outlet of the fermenter 15 is
It is also connected to the receiving port of the fermentation tank 15, and a part of the fermented primary processing material 105 can be mixed with the dried organic waste 100 and re-entered into the fermentation tank 15. It has become. In other respects, the configuration is the same as that of the above-described first embodiment.

In the present embodiment, a part of the sterilized primary processed material 105 is mixed with the dewatered organic waste 100 and is fed into the drying tank 14 so that The primary processing material 105 can be used as a substitute for the auxiliary material 102, and a part of the fermented primary processing material 105 is mixed with the dried organic waste 100 and put into the fermenter 15 again. Thereby, the very active microorganisms 104 can be supplied together with the organic waste 100 into the fermenter 15.

For this reason, although the auxiliary material 102 and the microorganism 104 are required at the time of the first treatment, it is not necessary to newly supply the auxiliary material 102 and the microorganism 104 from the next time.

Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effects as in the case of the first embodiment described above, and also to greatly reduce the usage of the auxiliary material 102 and the microorganisms 104. Therefore, the processing cost can be reduced.

[Third Embodiment] A third embodiment of the method and equipment for treating organic waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of an organic waste treatment facility. However, the same parts as those in the first and second embodiments described above will be described by using the same reference numerals as those used in the description of the first and second embodiments. Is omitted.

As shown in FIG. 3, the air inlet of the blower 17 is branched into two branches, one of which is provided with a drying tank 14, a fermentation tank 15, and a sterilization tank 16 via a valve 17a and a heater 18.
And the other is connected to the drying tank 14 and the fermenter 1 via a valve 17b and a heat exchanger 38 as a heat recovery means.
5. The air supply port of the sterilization tank 16 is communicated. The heat exchanger 38 converts the air 103 from the blower 17 into each of the tanks 14 to
The temperature can be adjusted individually for each of the sixteen feeders. On the other hand, the exhaust ports of the fermentation tank 15 and the sterilization tank 16 are connected to the deodorizer 19 via the heat exchanger 38. The other parts have the same configuration as the second embodiment described above.

That is, in the present embodiment, the valve 17
By operating a and 17b, the air 103 from the blower 17 can be switched to the heater 18 or the heat exchanger 38, and the air 103 discharged from the fermentation tank 15 and the sterilization tank 16 is changed to the heat exchanger 38. It can be discharged through the system.

In this embodiment, at the start of the process, the valve 17a is opened and the valve 17a is opened.
b is closed, and the air 10 adjusted to the appropriate temperature for each of the tanks 14 to 16 by the blower 17 and the heater 18 in the same manner as in the first and second embodiments described above.
3 are supplied, and each processing is performed in each of the tanks 14 to 16.

When the treatment is performed in this manner, the primary processed material 105 in the fermentation tank 15 and the sterilization tank 16 starts to generate heat due to microorganisms, and the air 103 discharged from the fermentation tank 15 and the sterilization tank 16 becomes hot. As a result, it is discharged through the heat exchanger 38. In such a state, the valve 17b is opened, the valve 17a is closed, and the flow of the air 103 from the blower 17 is switched from the heater 18 to the heat exchanger 38. Thereby, the air 103 from the blower 17 is heated in the heat exchanger 38 by the air 103 discharged from the fermentation tank 15 and the sterilization tank 16, and is adjusted to the appropriate temperature for each of the tanks 14 to 16. Supplied.

That is, in this embodiment, each of the tanks 14
17 is heated by the heater 18 at first, and when the primary processing material 105 starts to generate heat by microorganisms, the air 1 discharged from the fermentation tank 15 and the sterilization tank 16
The heat from the heat exchanger 03 is recovered by the heat exchanger 38 and heated.

As a result, since heat energy can be effectively used, energy fuel used in the heater 18 can be greatly reduced.

Therefore, according to this embodiment, the same effects as those of the first and second embodiments can be obtained, and the energy fuel used in the heater 18 can be reduced. Can be significantly reduced,
Processing costs can be reduced.

In the sterilization tank 16, the primary processed product 10
5 is sterilized at a high temperature (about 80 ° C. or higher), the saturated steam pressure of the air 103 discharged from the sterilization tank 16 is increased, and heat recovery using latent heat can be performed with high efficiency.

[0049]

The method for treating organic waste according to the present invention comprises:
A water content adjustment step of adjusting the organic waste to a specified moisture content, a fermentation step of heating the organic waste having the adjusted water content to a specified temperature together with microorganisms and performing a fermentation treatment, and the fermented organic Since the sterilization step of heating the waste to a temperature higher than the fermentation step and sterilizing it, and the curing step of curing the sterilized organic waste, the organic waste is subjected to a water content adjustment step. After adjusting the water content suitable for aerobic fermentation, fermentation at the optimal temperature for aerobic fermentation in the fermentation process, and then sterilization in the sterilization process, so that the microbial treatment capacity is fully exhibited. be able to. Therefore, the size of the equipment can be reduced, and the space required for installation can be significantly reduced.

Further, since the crushing step of crushing the organic waste is performed before the water content adjusting step, the subsequent steps can be performed efficiently.

Further, since only the air in the fermentation step and the sterilization step is deodorized and then released to the outside of the system, only the deodorization of the air only in the step which needs to be deodorized is required. Such equipment can be simplified.

Further, since the water content adjusting step includes a dehydration step of physically removing moisture from the organic waste and a drying step of thermally removing moisture from the organic waste, Moisture can be removed efficiently.

If a part of the organic waste sterilized in the sterilization step is mixed with the organic waste that has been subjected to the dehydration step in the water content adjustment step, auxiliary materials are newly supplied. Since it is not necessary, the processing cost can be reduced.

If a part of the organic waste fermented in the fermentation step is mixed with the organic waste after the water content adjustment step, very active microorganisms can be reused. Since it is possible to do so, there is no need to newly supply microorganisms, so that the amount of microorganisms used can be significantly reduced, and the processing cost can be reduced.

Further, since heat generated from the organic waste by the microorganisms in the fermentation step and the sterilization step is recovered and used for heating in the fermentation step and the sterilization step, heat energy is effectively used. Therefore, energy fuel required for heating can be significantly reduced, and processing costs can be reduced.

On the other hand, the organic waste treatment equipment according to the present invention comprises a water content adjusting means for adjusting the organic waste to a specified water content, and the organic waste from the water content adjusting means together with microorganisms at a specified temperature. Fermentation means for heating and fermenting the organic waste, sterilizing means for heating and sterilizing the organic waste from the fermentation means to a temperature higher than that of the fermentation means, and curing the organic waste from the sterilization means. After having the curing means to treat, after adjusting the organic waste to a water content appropriate for aerobic fermentation by the water content adjustment means, after fermentation at a temperature optimal for aerobic fermentation by the fermentation means, Since the sterilization treatment can be performed by the sterilization means, the processing ability by microorganisms can be sufficiently exhibited. Therefore, the size of the equipment can be reduced, and the space required for installation can be significantly reduced.

Further, since the crushing means for crushing the organic waste and sending the crushed organic waste to the water content adjusting means is provided, the subsequent steps can be performed efficiently.

Further, since deodorizing means for deodorizing only the air inside the fermenting means and the sterilizing means and releasing the air to the outside of the system is provided, it is sufficient to deodorize only the air only in the step which requires deodorizing. This makes it possible to simplify equipment for deodorization.

Further, the water content adjusting means includes a dehydrating means for physically removing water from the organic waste, a drying tank for holding the organic waste from the dewatering means, and a specified temperature in the drying tank. Heating means for feeding heated air to the fermentation means, wherein the fermentation means holds the organic waste from the drying tank together with microorganisms, and sends air heated to a specified temperature to the fermentation tank. Heating means for supplying
Since the sterilization means includes a sterilization tank for holding the organic waste from the fermentation tank, and a heating means for supplying air having a higher temperature than the air supplied to the fermentation tank to the sterilization tank. In addition, it is possible to ensure that the processing ability of the microorganism can be sufficiently exhibited. Therefore, the size of the equipment can be reduced, and the space required for installation can be significantly reduced.

Further, the heating means includes heat recovery means for heating the air to be supplied by utilizing heat generated from the organic waste by the microorganisms in the sterilization tank and the fermentation tank. Since heat energy can be effectively used, energy fuel required for heating can be significantly reduced, and processing costs can be reduced.

[Brief description of the drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a first embodiment of an organic waste treatment facility according to the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second embodiment of an organic waste treatment facility according to the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a third embodiment of an organic waste treatment facility according to the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of an example of a conventional organic waste treatment facility.

[Explanation of symbols]

 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Crusher 12 Dehydrator 13 Water purifier 14 Drying tank 15 Fermentation tank 16 Sterilization tank 17 Blower 17a, 17b Valve 18 Heater 19 Deodorizer 38 Heat exchanger 100 Organic waste 101 Water 102 Secondary material 103 Air 104 Microorganism 105 Primary treatment Thing 106 compost

 ────────────────────────────────────────────────── ─── Continuation of the front page (72) Inventor Kenji Sasaki 1-1-1, Wadazakicho, Hyogo-ku, Kobe-shi, Hyogo F-term in Kobe Shipyard, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. 4D004 AA02 BA04 CA04 CA13 CA15 CA19 CA22 CA42 CA46 CA48 CB05 CB13 CB31 CB44 CC08 DA02 DA06 DA09 4H061 AA02 EE66 GG13 GG18 GG19 GG48 GG61 GG70

Claims (12)

[Claims] 1. A water content adjusting step of adjusting an organic waste to a specified moisture content, a fermentation step of heating the organic waste having a adjusted water content together with a microorganism to a specified temperature and performing a fermentation treatment, An organic waste, comprising: performing a sterilization step of heating the treated organic waste to a temperature higher than the fermentation step and sterilizing the same; and a curing step of curing the sterilized organic waste. How to handle things. 2. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein a crushing step of crushing the organic waste is performed before the water content adjusting step. 3. The method for treating organic waste according to claim 1, wherein only air in the fermentation step and the sterilization step is deodorized and discharged outside the system. 4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the water content adjustment step comprises: a dehydration step of physically removing moisture from the organic waste; and a drying step of thermally removing moisture from the organic waste. And a method for treating organic waste. 5. The organic waste according to claim 4, wherein a part of the organic waste sterilized in the sterilization step is mixed with the organic waste after the dehydration step in the water content adjustment step. Organic waste treatment method. 6. The organic waste according to claim 1, wherein a part of the organic waste fermented in the fermentation step is mixed with the organic waste after the water content adjustment step. Organic waste treatment method. 7. The method according to claim 1, wherein heat generated from the organic waste by the microorganism in the fermentation step and the sterilization step is recovered and used for heating in the fermentation step and the sterilization step. A method for treating organic waste. 8. A water content adjusting means for adjusting the organic waste to a specified water content, a fermenting means for heating the organic waste from the water content adjusting means together with microorganisms to a specified temperature and performing a fermentation treatment, A sterilization unit that heats the organic waste from the fermentation unit to a temperature higher than that of the fermentation unit and sterilizes the organic waste; and a curing unit that cures the organic waste from the sterilization unit. Organic waste treatment equipment. 9. The organic waste treatment facility according to claim 8, further comprising a crushing means for crushing the organic waste and sending the crushed organic waste to the water content adjusting means. 10. The organic waste treatment facility according to claim 8, further comprising a deodorizing means for deodorizing only the air inside the fermenting means and the sterilizing means and discharging the air out of the system. 11. The method according to claim 8, wherein the water content adjusting unit includes: a dehydrating unit that physically removes water from the organic waste; and a drying unit that holds the organic waste from the dewatering unit. A tank, and a heating means for feeding air heated to a prescribed temperature to the drying tank, wherein the fermenting means holds the organic waste from the drying tank together with microorganisms, and a fermentation tank. Heating means for supplying air heated to a prescribed temperature, wherein the sterilization means is higher than the air supplied to the fermentation tank, and a sterilization tank for holding the organic waste from the fermentation tank. And a heating means for supplying air at a temperature to the sterilization tank. 12. The method according to claim 11, wherein the heating means uses heat generated from the organic waste by the microorganism in the sterilization tank and the fermentation tank.
An organic waste treatment facility comprising heat recovery means for heating the air to be fed.