JPWO2021035316A5 - - Google Patents

Description

The present invention is in the field of mechanical engineering and relates to the construction of a four-stroke internal combustion piston engine with a pair of cylinders. The engine can find application in any means of transport and machinery driven by mechanical power, has an increased coefficient of useful action, is simple in design, is environmentally friendly and can be used with various types of fuel. It can work.

Engines [1] with external or internal mixing are known. It consists of two cylinders in a cylinder block, in a housing in which a first and second pair of pistons are mounted, a crankshaft and an opposite crankshaft are mounted, and the volume within the cylinder is limited to the intake process. Increase at the end and achieve dilation at the end of the process. Two gas distribution elements are provided, the first of which is located between the supply vent and an overflow channel connected to the suction pipeline via a check valve. The second element is located between the outlet and the exhaust pipe to which the end outlet is connected.

A four-stroke internal combustion piston engine is a heat engine that converts the thermal energy released during the combustion of fuel into mechanical work, it has relatively small dimensions compared to the power it produces, and the manifold 33 It is one of the main engines for transportation needs, with drawbacks such as low coefficient of useful action in gasoline engines for exhausting %, and high specific fuel consumption, up to 40% for diesel engines (up to 215 g/kWh for gasoline engines, up to 280 g/kWh for diesel engines).

Exhaust gases contain carbon dioxide, soot, fine dust particles and harmful elements that are products of the combustion process [2].

The object of the present invention is to create an internal combustion engine that, through structural changes, can achieve an increase in the specific power, a decrease in the specific fuel consumption, a decrease in exhaust gases and a decrease in the emissions of harmful elements.

This task is carried out by the design of an internal combustion engine with a pair of cylinders, including a crankcase with a crankshaft with two crank pins and a cylinder block with two cylinders, a primary cylinder and a secondary cylinder. .

The two crank pins of the crankshaft are located at 180° with respect to each other. The volume of the secondary cylinder is twice that of the primary cylinder. The upper side of the cylinder is fitted with a cylinder head with a gas distribution element and an air-fuel mixture supply system.

The cylinder head is mounted on top of the primary cylinder housing the intake valve, mounted in direct contact with the cam of the intake gas distribution camshaft, and connected to the turbocharger compressor via the intake manifold. The primary cylinder exhaust valve is located at the top of the primary cylinder and is mounted in direct contact with the cam of the exhaust gas distribution camshaft. A fuel spray nozzle is installed between the intake valve and the exhaust valve of the primary cylinder, and the fuel spray nozzle is connected to a fuel power pump via a pipeline.

Attached to the cylinder head of the secondary cylinder is a spray nozzle that is connected by a pipeline to a hydraulic pump, an intake valve and an exhaust valve. The secondary cylinder intake valve is mounted in direct contact with the cam of the secondary intake gas distribution camshaft and is connected to the primary cylinder exhaust valve via an intermediate manifold. The exhaust valve of the secondary cylinder is mounted in direct contact with the cam of the secondary exhaust gas distribution camshaft and is connected to the turbine of the turbocharger through the exhaust manifold, and its outlet is connected to the condenser through the exhaust manifold. be done.

A water pump is installed at the bottom of the condenser and connected to the vessel by a pipeline, and a gas line is attached to the condenser.

The advantages of the present invention are that, as a result of design innovations, the new engine has increased specific power, reduced specific fuel consumption, and reduced volume of exhaust gases, soot, fine dust particles and other harmful elements. As expected, the engine is expected to be better thermally balanced due to the switch to water evaporation mode in the secondary cylinder where heat is removed, resulting in reduced heat losses and The coefficient of useful action increases.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a four-stroke internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 1 without limitation. The internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders includes a crankcase 37 and a cylinder block 8.

A crankshaft 3 is attached to the crankcase 37, and two crank pins 4 and 35 are oriented 180 degrees oppositely to each other. One primary cylinder 34 and one secondary cylinder 6 having a volume twice that of the primary cylinder 34 are attached to the cylinder block 8 .

A piston 32 to which a piston rod 23 is attached is attached to the primary cylinder 34, and the other side is attached to a crank pin 35 of the crankshaft 3. Above the primary cylinder 34, an intake valve 30 is installed in direct contact with the cam of the primary intake gas distribution camshaft 26 and is connected to the compressor 24 of the turbocharger 22 via the intake manifold 27, and the primary exhaust gas A cylinder head 31 is fitted which houses an exhaust valve 28 which is mounted in direct contact with the cam of the distribution camshaft 20 and which is connected via an intermediate manifold 18 to the cylinder head 9 of the secondary cylinder 6 . A fuel spray nozzle 30 is installed in the cylinder head 31 between the intake manifold 27 and the intermediate manifold 18 , and the fuel spray nozzle 30 is connected to the fuel power pump 19 via a pipeline 25 .

A piston 7 to which a piston rod 5 is attached is attached within the secondary cylinder 6, and the other side of the piston 7 is attached to the crank pin 4 of the crankshaft 3. A cylinder head 9 is mounted on the upper side of the secondary cylinder 6 , on which is mounted in direct contact with the cam of the secondary intake gas distribution camshaft 15 and connected to the primary cylinder 34 via an intermediate manifold 18 . A secondary intake valve 13 connected to the exhaust valve 28 and a secondary exhaust valve 12 mounted in direct contact with the cam of the secondary exhaust gas distribution camshaft 14 are installed.

A water spray nozzle 10 is installed between the exhaust manifold 11 and the intermediate manifold 18 of the secondary cylinder head 9 and is connected to a hydraulic pump 17 via a pipeline 16 . The exhaust valve 28 of the primary cylinder 34 is connected to the intake valve 13 of the secondary cylinder 6 via the intermediate manifold 18. The secondary exhaust valve 12 is connected to the inlet of the turbine 21 of the turbocharger 22 via the exhaust manifold 11, and its outlet is connected to the inlet of the condenser 36 via the gas exhaust manifold 33. A pump 39 is installed and connected via a pipeline 1 to a vessel 2 for depositing condensate in which harmful elements are deposited as a product of the combustion process, a gas pipeline 38 is installed at the outlet of the condenser 36 , connected to the noise reduction pot, whose outlet terminates with an outlet pipeline to the atmosphere.

In another embodiment of the invention, fuel power pump 19 is coupled to hydraulic pump 17.

Industrial Application of the Invention The engine operates as follows.

The engine operates as the crankshaft 3 rotates. The "intake" stroke of the primary cylinder 34 begins with the compressor 24 of the turbocharger 22 supplying air or fuel mixture via the intake manifold 27. At that moment, the intake valve 30 of the primary cylinder 34 opens. The exhaust valve 28 of the primary cylinder 34 is closed. The piston 32 of the primary cylinder 34 moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. Upon reaching that point and reversing its movement, the intake valve 30 closes and is released from the cam of the intake gas distribution camshaft 26.

The "compression" process takes place within the primary cylinder 34. The piston 32 of the primary cylinder 34 moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. The intake valve 30 of the primary cylinder 34 is closed. The exhaust valve 28 of the primary cylinder 34 is also closed.

When the piston 32 of the primary cylinder 34 reaches top dead center, the "combustion" stroke begins and the fuel is ignited. The piston 32 of the primary cylinder 34 is pushed by the increased temperature and pressure generated by the increased volume of gas during combustion of the fuel and moves from top dead center to bottom dead center. The intake valve 30 of the primary cylinder 34 is closed. The exhaust valve 28 of the primary cylinder 34 is also closed.

The cycle ends with an "exhaust" stroke of exhaust gas from the primary cylinder 34. This starts the "intake" stroke of the secondary cylinder 6. The piston 32 pushed by the momentum of the flywheel moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, and the piston 7 of the secondary cylinder 6 moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center. At this moment, the intake valve 30 of the primary cylinder 34 is closed and released from the cam of the primary intake gas distribution camshaft 26. At the same time, the exhaust valve 28 of the primary cylinder 34 is pushed open by the cam of the exhaust gas distribution camshaft 20. The intake valve 13 of the secondary cylinder 6 is also pushed open by the cam of the intake gas distribution camshaft 15. As a result, the exhaust gas in the primary cylinder 34 is transferred to the secondary cylinder 6 through the intermediate manifold 18.

In the secondary cylinder 6, a "compression" stroke continues. The intake secondary valve 13 is closed and released from the cam of the secondary intake gas distribution camshaft 15. The secondary exhaust valve 12 of the secondary cylinder 6 is also closed and released from the cam of the exhaust gas distribution camshaft 14. At the same time, the piston 7 moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center and at the end of the stroke, just before reaching the top dead center, the water spray nozzle 10 sprays water into the secondary cylinder 6, which is the "combustion" stroke Start.

The dispersed water causes the evaporation of the compressed hot gas and the volume of water vapor increases by a factor of 1700 [2]. The pressure in the space above the piston increases, forcing the piston 7 from top dead center to bottom dead center, thereby completing the combustion stroke and doubling the mechanical work. When the piston 7 reaches the bottom dead center, the exhaust valve 12 of the secondary cylinder 6 pressed by the cam of the exhaust gas distribution camshaft 14 opens the exhaust manifold 11. The piston 7 reverses its motion and moves from bottom dead center to top dead center, pushed by the momentum on the flywheel. Therefore, the exhaust gas uniformly mixed with water vapor and cooled by water evaporation is discharged through the exhaust manifold 11. This causes the turbine 21 of the turbocharger 22 to rotate, forcing the air-fuel mixture into the primary cylinder 34 .

The exhaust gas is then directed through the exhaust manifold 33 to the condenser 36 where it is cooled and condensed, entraining soot, fine dust particles and other harmful elements. The condensate then passes through the water pump 39 to the bottom of the condenser 36 and is pumped through the aftertreatment pipeline 1 into the vessel 2. Residual exhaust gases and uncondensed water vapor are discharged to the atmosphere through the outlet of the condenser 36 through a pipeline 38 equipped with a noise reduction pot.

The operating efficiency of the secondary cylinder 6 of a four-stroke internal combustion engine with a pair of cylinders depends on the degree of heating of the exhaust gas. In diesel engines, a hydraulic pump 17 is used which is coupled and synchronized to a fuel power pump 19.

Literature:
1. BG Patent No. 62787 Specification 2. Automatic tractor engine equipment, K. Hadjiev and S. Iliev, RTU "Angel Kanchev"
3. Technical thermodynamics, 1978, edited by Zhivko Krastev

Claims (2)

An internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders, including a crankcase,
The crankcase is a cylinder block having a crankshaft with a crank pin and two cylinders, one of which is a primary cylinder, a cylinder head mounted on the upper side of the cylinders having a gas distribution element and an air-fuel mixture supply. a cylinder block having a system for;
An intake valve in which a cylinder head mounted above the primary cylinder is mounted in direct contact with a cam of an intake gas distribution camshaft, the camshaft being connected to a turbocharger compressor via an intake manifold. , an intake valve and an exhaust valve of said primary cylinder mounted in direct contact with a cam of an exhaust gas distribution camshaft and a fuel spray nozzle connected by a pipe to a fuel power pump;
the crank pins (4) and (35) of the crankshaft (3) are arranged at 180° with respect to each other;
The volume of the secondary cylinder (6) is twice that of the primary cylinder (34), and a head (9) is attached to the upper side of the secondary cylinder (6), in which a spray nozzle (10) is installed. , installed and connected via a pipeline (16) with a hydraulic pump (17),
A secondary intake valve (13) of the secondary cylinder (6) is connected to an exhaust valve (28) of the primary cylinder (34) via an intermediate manifold (18),
A secondary exhaust valve (12) of a secondary cylinder (6) is connected via an exhaust manifold (11) with a turbine (21) of a turbocharger (22);
The outlet of the turbocharger (22) is connected to the inlet of a condenser (36) through a gas outlet manifold (33), and a water pump (39) is installed at the bottom of the condenser (36), and a pipe connected to the container (2) via the line (1), a gas pipeline (38) is installed at the outlet of the condenser (36);
An internal combustion engine characterized by: a hydraulic pump (17) is coupled to a fuel-powered pump (19);
2. Institution according to claim 1, characterized in that:

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