JP2022546403A - Internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders - Google Patents

Abstract

A twin-cylinder internal combustion engine uses several physical processes (combustion, evaporation and condensation of water) to significantly increase efficiency, significantly increase specific power, and reduce specific fuel consumption. and cleans most of the harmful elements. The already greatly reduced products of the combustion process in the exhaust gases reduce the mass and volume of the engine, which allows the continued use of the production facilities that mankind has built all over the world with few changes. In the case of an internal combustion engine with a pair of cylinders, it is expected that the secondary cylinder will be subjected to a large load from the high pressure of the steam, and since it is known that there is no engine with higher torque than a steam engine, there is no It doesn't matter what kind of fuel is used, but the design of the cylinder block does. A twin-cylinder internal combustion engine uses a combustion method in which the primary cylinder generates heat and performs mechanical work, and an evaporation method in which the secondary cylinder takes heat and performs mechanical work again. Therefore, it is an engine with good heat balance, which allows mutual heat compensation to be performed with small losses, which leads to high efficiency. and emitted). [Selection drawing] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention is in the field of mechanical engineering and relates to reciprocating four-stroke internal combustion engines for use in land, aviation, water, stationary and mobile vehicles.

A four-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engine is a heat engine that converts the heat released during fuel combustion into mechanical work.

The engine, of relatively small size compared to the power it generates, has been one of the main engines for serving mankind's transportation needs for over 100 years.

Both its performance and the disadvantages of low efficiency (up to 33% petrol, up to 40% diesel) and high specific fuel consumption (up to 325 g/kWh petrol, up to 280 g/kWh diesel) must be recognized. not. Exhaust gases include [1] carbon dioxide, soot, fine dust particles and harmful elements that are products of the combustion process.

The object of the present invention is to achieve an increase in specific capacity of more than 50%, reduce specific fuel consumption by more than 50%, reduce exhaust gas by more than 50%, and remove harmful elements from the combustion process in order to protect the environment. The object is to provide an internal combustion engine that undergoes structural and organizational changes in operation so as to achieve an 80% or greater reduction in emissions.

In reciprocating internal combustion engines, the heat released increases the temperature of the gases during fuel combustion. Their volume increases and so does the pressure on the piston head. The piston is pushed from top dead center to bottom dead center to perform mechanical work.

In the "internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders" of the present patent application, the cylinders are grouped into two, the second cylinder has twice the volume, and by burning fuel in the first cylinder, Using the heat generated and the increased pressure pushes the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center, mechanical work is performed and the gas will be transferred to the second cylinder. . There, at peak compression, high pressure water is injected and dispersed in the compressed hot gas to evaporate and then to steam [2].

The pressure created pushes the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center, performing mechanical work, but during evaporation, the water takes a lot of heat from the gas, and the heat is almost cooled, evenly with the water vapor. and reaches the turbine stage of the turbocharger where the mixture enters a condenser for additional cooling and the condensate together with the waste elements from the combustion process are made suitable for further processing. It is deposited in a suitable container.

This task is accomplished by creating an internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders divided into two groups, each group of cylinders having a primary cylinder and a secondary cylinder of double volume. secondary cylinder, whereby the primary cylinder is closed from above at the head, the primary cylinder consists of a filling valve connected by a collector at the outlet of the turbocharger compressor, and a fuel injection pump/water A nozzle for fuel injection under high pressure of the ignition system, connected by a pipeline to an injection pump (FIP/WIP) [2], and an exhaust valve connected by a collector with a head-mounted fill valve. is installed, the secondary cylinder is closed from above, the secondary cylinder is connected by a pipeline to the FIP/WIP, a nozzle for spraying high-pressure water, and a collector to the turbine of the turbocharger. A crankshaft is mounted in the crankcase, and in the crankcase, a crankpin connected to the pistons of the primary and secondary cylinders by connecting rods and piston bolts is connected to the pistons of the primary cylinder. The piston of the secondary cylinder is arranged to be at bottom dead center when the piston is at top dead center.

Also, the turbocharger turbine outlet is connected through a collector to the condenser inlet attached to the fan group, the water pump is attached to the bottom of the condenser, and the bottom of the condenser contains harmful elements that are products of the combustion process is connected through a collector for condensate deposition.

A twin-cylinder internal combustion engine has a specific capacity of 50% or more, a specific fuel consumption rate of less than 50%, exhaust emissions of 60% or more, and up to 80% less soot and fine dust particles. This is a good heat balanced engine with high efficiency up to 80% expected if combustion takes place in the primary cylinder and water evaporates in the secondary cylinder to remove heat and there is no heat loss.

1 shows a two-cylinder, four-stroke internal combustion engine built with a pair of "twin-cylinders" arranged in series; FIG. 1 shows a two-cylinder, four-stroke internal combustion engine built with a pair of "twin-cylinders" placed opposite each other; FIG. 1 shows a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke internal combustion engine consisting of two pairs of "twin cylinders" arranged in series; FIG. 1 shows a four-cylinder, four-stroke internal combustion engine configured with two pairs of "twin-cylinders" arranged opposite to each other; FIG. 1 shows an 8-cylinder, 4-stroke internal combustion engine consisting of 4 pairs of "cylinders in a pair" arranged 2 by 2; FIG.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, an internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders includes a 4-stroke 2-cylinder unit (FIG. 1) arranged in series and a 4-stroke unit (FIG. 2) consisting of 2 cylinders arranged opposite to each other. The primary cylinder 1 is closed from above by a head 17, the primary cylinder 1 comprises a filling valve 11 driven by a camshaft cam 13 connected by a collector 8 to the outlet of the compressor of the turbocharger, a FIP/ A camshaft cam 14 connected by a collector 3 to the fuel spray nozzle 15 of the ignition system, connected to the WIP and through a pipeline 16, and to the filling valve 21 of the double volume secondary cylinder 2. , the secondary cylinder 2 is closed from above by a head 27 and the secondary cylinder 2 is piped to the FIP/WIP not shown in FIGS. It is fitted with a connected water spray nozzle 25 and an exhaust valve 22 driven by a camshaft cam 24 connected by a collector 9 to the inlet of the turbine of the turbocharger, the output of the turbine being A water pump 5 connected by a collector 10 to the inlet of the condenser 4 and at the bottom of the condenser 4 by a pipeline 6 to a condensate depositing vessel 7 in which harmful elements, products of the combustion process, are deposited. is installed and the outlet of the condenser 4 via a pipeline is connected to a muffler pot whose outlet ends in an outlet pipeline to the atmosphere.

Application (use) of the present invention
As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a twin-cylinder internal combustion engine is first powered by an electric starter motor (not shown) by rotating the crankshaft and all that is associated with it through a flywheel rim. It works by starting with The "fill" stroke of primary cylinder 1 begins with the turbocharger compressor feeding air/fuel mixture through fill valve 11 driven by camshaft cam 13, through connecting collector 8, and piston moves from top dead center to bottom dead center, and when the piston reaches it, it reverses its course.

Released from the camshaft cam 13, the fill valve 11 closes and begins the "compression" stroke, which ends when the piston reaches top dead center, and at peak compression, the spray nozzle 15 opens FIP - Dispense fuel supplied through pipeline 16 from WIP, discharge in ignition system, followed by "combustion"/work stroke. The increased temperature and pressure caused by the increased volume of gas during fuel combustion causes the piston to move the distance from top dead center to bottom dead center where the "burn"/work stroke ends.

The piston reverses its course and is driven by the inertia of the flywheel to move from bottom dead center to top dead center, at the same time the exhaust valve 12 is pushed open by the camshaft cam 14 and the filling valve by the collector 3. 21, the fill valve 21 is also pushed open by the camshaft cam 23 and the "fill" stroke of the double volume secondary cylinder 2 is initiated, directing the exhaust gas from the primary cylinder to the secondary cylinder. transfer. At bottom dead center, the fill valve 21 is released from the camshaft cam 23 to close, the piston reverses its course and the "compression" stroke begins, opening the pipeline 26 at approximately top dead center at the end of the stroke. A water atomizing nozzle 25 connected to the WIP-FIP via sprays water into the compressed hot gas, causing it to evaporate. , pushing the piston to bottom dead center, which performs an "expansion" stroke and doubles the mechanical work, at bottom dead center the exhaust valve 22 is pushed by the camshaft cam 24. Pushed open, pushed by the inertia of the flywheel, the piston reverses its course from bottom dead center to top dead center, releasing the exhaust gas already mixed uniformly with water vapor, and by water evaporation Heat is taken away and cooled significantly. The gases exit the secondary cylinder 2 and pass through a connecting collector 9 connected to the inlet of the turbine of the turbocharger to the turbine by performing additional work by compressing the air/fuel mixture in the primary cylinder 1. from the outlet and through the collector 10 to the inlet of the condenser 4, where the gas is further cooled and condensed, removing with it most of the soot, fine dust particles and other harmful elements. A water pump 5, entrained and attached to the bottom of the condenser 4 through a pipeline 6, pumps the gas into a vessel 7 for further processing. Residual exhaust gases and non-condensed water vapor leave the engine through the outlet of condenser 4, which is connected to a suitable pipeline with a muffler pot, and the residual exhaust gases and non-condensed water vapor are sent to the atmosphere. sent by pipeline.

*When water evaporates, water vapor increases its volume by a factor of 1700 (Technical thermodynamics 1978, edited by J. Krastev).

** Gasoline and gas fueled engines use WIP (Water Injection Pump), Diesel uses FIP/WIP (Fuel Injection Pump) combined with Water Injection Pump, and internal combustion engine with twin cylinders. In engines, only the degree of heating of the exhaust gas matters.

*** From the end of the "filling" stroke of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine, the data for the air/fuel mixture: gasoline Pa = 0.08 MPa, Ta = 420 K and diesel Pa = 0.95 MPa, Tb = 330, and For the secondary cylinder 2, comparing gasoline Pb = 0.5 MPa, Tb = 1500 K and diesel Pb = 0.4 MPa, Tb = 1200 K, which are products of the exhaust gas from the primary cylinder 1 here, A significantly higher value is found at the beginning of the "filling" stroke in secondary cylinder 2 of an internal combustion engine with , which may be modified after laboratory tests (Tractor Engine Design, “Angel Kanchev” Ruse University, K. Hadjeev, S. Iliev).

Claims (5)

A method for a twin-cylinder internal combustion engine (FIGS. 1 and 2) comprising a reciprocating four-stroke internal combustion engine, comprising:
The cylinders are grouped into two,
In the primary cylinder (1),
At peak compression at top dead center, fuel is sprayed and discharged from nozzles (15) of the ignition system, connected by pipeline (16) with FIP/WIP not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2,
During combustion, its temperature and volume increase,
As a result, the pressure in the piston space increases, pushing the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center,
Thus, in a method for a twin-cylinder internal combustion engine performing mechanical work,
Said exhaust hot gases from the primary cylinder (1), through said exhaust valve (12) pushed by camshaft cam (14), through collector (3) and released by camshaft cam (23). Also, transfer through the filling valve (21) of the secondary cylinder (2) of double the volume,
Water is pumped under high pressure through nozzles (25) connected by pipelines (26) using a FIP/WIP not shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, as for peak compression at top dead center. spray the
During its evaporation, the water takes most of the heat from the exhaust gas, increasing its volume by a factor of 1700, whereby the increased pressure pushes the piston from top dead center to bottom dead center, thus perform mechanical work,
An exhaust valve (22) opened by a camshaft cam (24) is connected by a collector (9) to said turbocharger turbine inlet and said turbocharger turbine outlet is connected by a collector (10) to said condenser inlet (4). and at the bottom of said condenser inlet (4) a water pump (5) is mounted, said water pump (5) for further depositing condensate containing harmful elements from the combustion process. connected by a pipeline (6) to a vessel (7), through a suitable pipeline said outlet of said condenser (4) is connected to a muffler pot from which residual water vapor is and exhaust gases are vented to the atmosphere. A device for a twin-cylinder internal combustion engine (FIGS. 1 and 2) comprising a two-cylinder four-stroke unit (FIG. 1) arranged in series and a two-cylinder four-stroke unit (FIG. 2) arranged oppositely. hand,
A primary closed from above by a head (17) fitted with a fill valve (11) driven by a camshaft cam (13) connected by a collector (8) to the outlet of the compressor of the turbocharger. a cylinder (1);
fuel injection nozzle (15) connected via pipeline (16) to said FIP/WIP (not shown in Figures 1 and 2) and to exhaust valve (12) driven by camshaft (14); )When,
A double, fitted with a fill valve (21) driven by a camshaft (23) and an exhaust valve (22) driven by a camshaft (24), said upper part being closed by a head (27). A device for an internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders, comprising a secondary cylinder (2) of volume and
said exhaust valve (12) of said primary cylinder (1) is connected by a collector (3) to a fill valve (21) of said secondary cylinder (2) of double volume,
The water spray nozzle (25) is attached through the head (27) of the secondary cylinder (2),
A crankshaft is mounted in the crankcase of the unit, in which the crankpins are spaced 180° from each other (Fig. 1), and in the crankcase of the unit, the crankshaft It is mounted with one crankpin to which the connecting rods of both pistons are fastened so that the piston of the primary cylinder (1) is at top dead center and the piston of the secondary cylinder (2) is at top dead center. said exhaust valve (22) of the secondary cylinder (2) is connected by a collector (9) to said inlet of said turbine of said turbocharger when the piston is at bottom dead center;
The outlet of the turbine of the turbocharger is connected by a collector (10) to a condenser inlet (4), at the bottom of the condenser inlet (4) a condensate containing deposits of harmful elements from the combustion process. to a container (7) through a pipeline (6), said outlet of the condenser (4) being connected by a suitable pipeline to a muffler pot (Figs. 1 and 1). 2), and from said muffler pot there is an outlet to atmosphere. In a twin-cylinder internal combustion engine (Fig. 3) according to method claim 1 and apparatus claim 2,
Said internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders comprises two pairs of paired cylinders arranged in series, the first pair comprising a primary cylinder (1) and a secondary cylinder (2), the second pair comprising a primary cylinder ( 4) and a secondary cylinder (3), wherein the order of operation of said cylinders is 1, 3, 4 and 2. In a twin-cylinder internal combustion engine (Fig. 4) according to method claim 1 and apparatus claim 2,
The twin-cylinder internal combustion engine comprises two pairs of horizontally opposed cylinders, the first pair comprising a primary cylinder (1) and a secondary cylinder (2), The second pair comprises a primary cylinder (4) and a secondary cylinder (3), wherein the lower heads of the connecting rods of cylinders (1) and (3) are connected to one side of the crankshaft. and said lower heads of said connecting rods of cylinders (2) and (4) are mounted on the other crankpin at 180° from said one crankpin, and An internal combustion engine having a pair of cylinders, characterized in that the order is 1, 3, 4 and 2. In a twin-cylinder internal combustion engine (Fig. 5) according to method claim 1 and apparatus claim 2,
The twin-cylinder internal combustion engine comprises four pairs of twin-cylinders arranged opposite each other,
a row consists of a first pair of primary cylinders (1) and secondary cylinders (2) and a second pair of primary cylinders (4) and secondary cylinders (3);
opposing arrangements of a first pair of primary cylinders (5) and secondary cylinders (6) and a second pair of primary cylinders (8) and secondary cylinders (7);
The lower heads of the connecting rods are attached to four crankpins, two lower heads per crankpin, i.e. 1 and 5 on the first crankpin and 2 on the second crankpin. and 6, 3 and 7 for the third crankpin, 4 and 8 for the fourth crankpin, and the order of operation of the cylinders is 1 and 7, 3 and 8, 4 and 6, and 2. 5, a twin-cylinder internal combustion engine.

Images