JPWO2020167881A5

JPWO2020167881A5 -

Info

Publication number: JPWO2020167881A5
Application number: JP2021547271A
Authority: JP
Publication date: 2023-02-17

Description

本発明の好適な実施形態及びその汎用性の実施例が、本開示において図示及び説明されている。本発明は、種々の他の組合せ及び環境において使用可能であり、ここに表現されるような進歩的な概念の範囲内で変更又は変形可能であることが理解されるべきである。したがって、例えば、当業者であれば、ルーチン的な実験以上のことを行うことなく、ここに記載される具体的な物質、手順及び構成に対する多数の均等物を認識し、又は確かめることができる。そのような均等物は、本発明の範囲内のものとみなされ、以下の特許請求の範囲に包含される。
なお、本発明には以下の態様が含まれることを付記する。
［態様１］
電池セルであって、前記電池セルによるパワーによって前記電池セルを少なくとも性能発揮状態の温度（Ｔ _ｐ）まで昇温させるように構成された内部抵抗器を有し且つ１以上の不動態化要素を有する前記電池セルにおいて、
前記１以上の不動態化要素は、前記電池セルの電荷移動抵抗を前記１以上の不動態化要素なしの電池セルに対して少なくとも４倍増加させ、前記電荷移動抵抗は、前記電池セルが２５℃の場合の電気化学インピーダンス分光法によって特定される、前記電池セル。
［態様２］
前記１以上の不動態化要素は、（ａ）２０μｍ超の平均粒子サイズを有する１以上の電極活物質、（ｂ）０．２５ｍ ^２／ｇ以下のＢＥＴ（Ｂｒｕｎａｕｅｒ、Ｅｍｍｅｔｔ及びＴｅｌｌｅｒ）表面積を有する１以上の電極活物質、（ｃ）１以上の電極活物質上のコーティング、（ｄ）ドーパントを有する１以上の電極活物質、（ｅ）１以上の電極活物質を不動態化する１以上の電解質添加物、又はこれらの任意の組合せを含む、態様１に記載の電池セル。
［態様３］
前記電池セルは、アノード活物質を有するアノード及びカソード活物質を有するカソードを備え、前記アノード活物質若しくは前記カソード活物質又はその両方は２０μｍ超の平均粒子サイズＤ５０の粒子を有する、態様１に記載の電池セル。
［態様４］
前記電池セルは、アノード活物質を有するアノード及びカソード活物質を有するカソードを備え、前記アノード活物質若しくは前記カソード活物質又はその両方は０．２５ｍ ^２／ｇ以下のＢＥＴ（Ｂｒｕｎａｕｅｒ、Ｅｍｍｅｔｔ及びＴｅｌｌｅｒ）表面積を有する、態様１に記載の電池セル。
［態様５］
前記カソード活物質はＮＭＣを含み、前記カソード活物質は０．２５ｍ ^２／ｇ以下のＢＥＴ表面積を有する、態様４に記載の電池セル。
［態様６］
前記アノード活物質は、グラファイトを含む、態様５に記載の電池セル。
［態様７］
前記電池セルは、アノード活物質を有するアノード及びカソード活物質を有するカソードを備え、前記アノード活物質若しくは前記カソード活物質又はその両方は、副細孔を有さない滑らかな主粒子を有する、態様１に記載の電池セル。
［態様８］
前記電池セルは、アノード活物質を有するアノード及びカソード活物質を有するカソードを備え、前記アノード活物質若しくは前記カソード活物質又はその両方は、その表面に、コーティングであって前記電池セルの前記電荷移動抵抗を前記コーティングのない電池セルに対して少なくとも４倍増加させるコーティングを有する、態様１に記載の電池セル。
［態様９］
前記電池セルは、アノード活物質を有するアノード及びカソード活物質を有するカソード、並びに１以上の電解質添加物であって、電極活物質の表面に堆積して前記電池セルの前記電荷移動抵抗を前記１以上の電解質添加物なしの電池セルに対して少なくとも４倍増加させるのに充分な量の１以上の電解質添加物を備える、態様１に記載の電池セル。
［態様１０］
前記電解質添加物はＴＡＰを含む、態様９に記載の電池セル。
［態様１１］
前記電池セルは、２０重量％未満のＥＣを含有する電解質を備える、態様１～１０のいずれか一項に記載の電池セル。
［態様１２］
前記電池セルは、４モル／リットルよりも高い濃度で塩を含有する電解質を備える、態様１～１０のいずれか一項に記載の電池セル。
［態様１３］
前記電池セルは、ポリマー電解質、硫化物電解質又は酸化物電解質を備える、態様１～１０のいずれか一項に記載の電池セル。
［態様１４］
前記電池セルは、イオン性の液体を含む電解質を備える、態様１～１０のいずれか一項に記載の電池セル。
［態様１５］
前記電池セルは、約２５℃～約８０℃の温度で固相－液相転移を経験する電解質を備える、態様１～１０のいずれか一項に記載の電池セル。
［態様１６］
前記内部抵抗器は、前記電池セルを少なくとも５℃／分の速度で昇温させるように構成された、態様１～１０のいずれか一項に記載の電池セル。
［態様１７］
Ｔ _ｐは少なくとも４５℃である、態様１～１０のいずれか一項に記載の電池セル。
［態様１８］
態様１～１０のいずれか一項に記載の電池セルを動作させる方法であって、
前記電池セルの温度がＴ _ｐ未満である場合に前記電池セルをＴ _ｐまで内部的に昇温させるステップと、
前記電池セルがＴ _ｐ以上である間に前記電池セルによって外部負荷に給電するステップと
を備える方法。
［態様１９］
前記電池セルを少なくとも５℃／分の速度で内部的に昇温させるステップを備える態様１８に記載の方法。
［態様２０］
Ｔ _ｐは少なくとも４５℃である、態様１８に記載の方法。
［態様２１］
前記電池セルが外部負荷に給電していない場合に前記電池セルをＴ _ｐ未満に冷却するステップをさらに備える態様１８に記載の方法。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention and examples of its versatility are shown and described in this disclosure. It is to be understood that the invention is capable of use in various other combinations and environments and is capable of modification or variation within the scope of the inventive concepts as expressed herein. Thus, for example, those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, numerous equivalents to the specific materials, procedures and compositions described herein. Such equivalents are considered to be within the scope of this invention and are covered by the following claims.
It should be noted that the present invention includes the following aspects.
[Aspect 1]
A battery cell having an internal resistor configured to cause power from the battery cell to heat the battery cell to at least a performance temperature (T _p ) and one or more passivating elements. In the battery cell having
The one or more passivating elements increase the charge transfer resistance of the battery cell by at least a factor of four relative to a battery cell without the one or more passivating elements, and the charge transfer resistance is 25 The battery cell characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy at °C.
[Aspect 2]
The one or more passivating elements have (a) one or more electrode active materials having an average particle size greater than 20 μm, and (b) a BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) surface area of 0.25 m ² /g or less. (c) a coating on the one or more electrode active materials; (d) one or more electrode active materials with a dopant; (e) one or more electrode active materials passivating the one or more electrode active materials; A battery cell according to aspect 1, comprising an electrolyte additive, or any combination thereof.
[Aspect 3]
Aspect 1. Aspect 1, wherein the battery cell comprises an anode having an anode active material and a cathode having a cathode active material, the anode active material or the cathode active material or both having particles with an average particle size D50 greater than 20 μm. battery cells.
[Aspect 4]
The battery cell comprises an anode having an anode active material and a cathode having a cathode active material, the anode active material or the cathode active material or both having a BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) of 0.25 m 2 /g or ^less . A battery cell according to aspect 1, having a surface area.
[Aspect 5]
5. The battery cell of aspect 4 , wherein the cathode active material comprises NMC, and wherein the cathode active material has a BET surface area of 0.25 m ^<2> /g or less.
[Aspect 6]
The battery cell according to aspect 5, wherein the anode active material includes graphite.
[Aspect 7]
wherein said battery cell comprises an anode having an anode active material and a cathode having a cathode active material, wherein said anode active material or said cathode active material or both have smooth primary particles with no secondary pores. 1. The battery cell according to 1.
[Aspect 8]
The battery cell comprises an anode having an anode active material and a cathode having a cathode active material, the anode active material or the cathode active material or both having a coating thereon for the charge transfer of the battery cell. A battery cell according to aspect 1, having a coating that increases resistance by at least a factor of 4 over a battery cell without said coating.
[Aspect 9]
The battery cell comprises an anode having an anode active material and a cathode having a cathode active material, and one or more electrolyte additives deposited on the surface of the electrode active material to reduce the charge transfer resistance of the battery cell to the one A battery cell according to aspect 1, comprising an amount of one or more electrolyte additives sufficient to provide at least a 4-fold increase relative to a battery cell without said electrolyte additive.
[Aspect 10]
10. The battery cell of aspect 9, wherein the electrolyte additive comprises TAP.
[Aspect 11]
11. The battery cell according to any one of aspects 1-10, wherein the battery cell comprises an electrolyte containing less than 20 wt% EC.
[Aspect 12]
The battery cell according to any one of aspects 1-10, wherein the battery cell comprises an electrolyte containing a salt at a concentration higher than 4 mol/liter.
[Aspect 13]
The battery cell according to any one of aspects 1-10, wherein the battery cell comprises a polymer electrolyte, a sulfide electrolyte or an oxide electrolyte.
[Aspect 14]
The battery cell according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the battery cell comprises an electrolyte containing an ionic liquid.
[Aspect 15]
11. The battery cell of any one of aspects 1-10, wherein the battery cell comprises an electrolyte that undergoes a solid-liquid phase transition at a temperature of about 25°C to about 80°C.
[Aspect 16]
The battery cell according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, wherein the internal resistor is configured to raise the temperature of the battery cell at a rate of at least 5°C/min.
[Aspect 17]
The battery cell according to any one of aspects 1-10, wherein T _p is at least 45°C.
[Aspect 18]
A method for operating the battery cell according to any one of aspects 1 to 10, comprising:
internally raising the temperature of the battery cell to Tp _if _the temperature of the battery cell is less than Tp ;
powering an external load with the battery cell while the battery cell is above _Tp ;
How to prepare.
[Aspect 19]
19. The method of aspect 18, comprising internally heating the battery cell at a rate of at least 5[deg.]C/min.
[Aspect 20]
19. The method of aspect 18, wherein T _p is at least 45°C.
[Aspect 21]
19. The method of aspect 18, further comprising cooling the battery cell below _Tp when the battery cell is not powering an external load .

Claims

A battery cell comprising an anode having an anode active material, a cathode having a cathode active material, an electrolyte, and power from the battery cell configured to raise the temperature of the battery cell to at least a performance state temperature (T _p ). In the battery cell comprising an internal resistor that
The battery cell, wherein the electrolyte undergoes a solid-liquid phase transition at a temperature below T _p , wherein T _p is between 25°C and 80°C .

2. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the anode active material or the cathode active material or both have particles with an average particle size D50 greater than 20 [mu]m.

2. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the anode active material or the cathode active material or both have a BET (Brunauer, Emmett and Teller) surface area of 0.25 m ^<2> /g or less.

4. The battery cell of claim 3 , wherein the cathode active material comprises NMC, and wherein the cathode active material has a BET surface area of 0.25 m ^<2> /g or less.

5. The battery cell according to claim 4 , wherein said anode active material comprises graphite.

2. The battery cell of claim 1, wherein the anode active material or the cathode active material or both have smooth primary particles with no secondary pores.

the anode active material or the cathode active material or both having a coating on its surface that increases the charge transfer resistance of the battery cell by at least four times over a battery cell without the coating; The battery cell according to claim 1.

The battery cell comprises one or more electrolyte additives deposited on the surface of the electrode active material to increase the charge transfer resistance of the battery cell by at least four times that of a battery cell without the one or more electrolyte additives. 2. The battery cell of claim 1, comprising one or more electrolyte additives in a sufficient increasing amount.

9. The battery cell of claim 8 , wherein the electrolyte additive comprises triallyl phosphate ( TAP ) .

The battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein said battery cell comprises an electrolyte containing salt at a concentration higher than 4 mol/liter.

The battery cell according to any one of claims 1-9 , wherein the battery cell comprises a polymer electrolyte, a sulfide electrolyte or an oxide electrolyte.

The battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , comprising an electrolyte containing an ionic liquid.

The battery cell of any one of claims 1-9 , wherein the battery cell comprises an electrolyte that undergoes a solid-liquid phase transition at temperatures between about 25°C and 70 °C.

The battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 9 , wherein the internal resistor is configured to raise the temperature of the battery cell at a rate of at least 5°C/min.

Battery cell according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein T _p is at least 45°C.

A method for operating the battery cell according to any one of claims 1 to 10,
internally raising the temperature of the battery cell to at least _Tp if the temperature of the battery cell is less than _Tp ;
powering an external load with the battery cell while the battery cell is above _Tp .

17. The method of claim 16, comprising internally heating the battery cells at a rate of at least 5[deg.]C/min.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein _Tp is at least 45[deg.]C.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising cooling the battery cell below _Tp when the battery cell is not powering an external load.