JPWO2019230039A1 - Plant cultivation method and plant cultivation equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation apparatus capable of reducing the cost for cultivating a plant. SOLUTION: In a method of cultivating a plant, a medium formed of coral gravel is spread inside a container, the plant is rooted in the medium, and liquid fertilizer is supplied to the medium. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a plant such as tomato and a plant cultivation apparatus.

Cultivation methods for tomatoes range from soil cultivation in which seedlings are prepared on a hotbed and planted in the open field to hydroponics that enables production in a plant factory. For example, a hydroponic cultivation method has been proposed as hydroponics.

As this hydroponic cultivation method, Patent Document 1 states that about 250 ml of a medium (about 250 ml) is provided in each groove of a cultivation tray in which grooves formed in a substantially D-shaped horizontal cross section are arranged in two rows in the longitudinal direction. A technique for supplying a irrigation nutrient solution to each medium in which soil, coconut husks, rock wool, etc. are put and tomato seedlings are planted is disclosed.

In the technique described in Patent Document 1, since the conventional medium (soil, coconut husk, rock wool, etc.) has relatively good water retention, the irrigation solution is irrigated 10 to 20% more than the irrigation amount required by the plant. Therefore, the surplus liquid is generally disposed of as a waste liquid because various germs easily propagate. In addition, weakly acidic soil is said to be better for plant growth, so the irrigation solution was adjusted for weakly acidic pH.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2007-306849

However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, the surplus liquid of the irrigation nutrient solution is disposed of as a waste liquid because various germs easily propagate, and it is difficult to reduce the cost for cultivating plants.

The present invention is to provide a plant cultivation method and a plant cultivation apparatus capable of reducing the cost for cultivating a plant.

The method for cultivating a plant according to the first aspect of the present invention is to spread a medium mainly formed of coral gravel inside a container, root the plant in the medium, and supply liquid fertilizer to the medium.

Preferably, tomato is used as a plant in the method for cultivating a plant according to claim 1.
The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 2 is to spread a medium formed of coral gravel on a horizontally placed strip-shaped gutter, root the plant in the medium at regular intervals, and irrigate the upper part of the medium. A tube is arranged, the liquid fertilizer stored in the nutrient solution circulation tank is supplied to the medium via the irrigation tube, and the liquid fertilizer surplus due to the supply is passed through a filter cloth lined in the gutter. It flows into the drainage groove formed in the gutter, and the liquid fertilizer flowing in the drainage groove is returned from the end of the gutter to the nutrient solution circulation tank.

The method for cultivating a plant according to claim 3 is the method for cultivating a plant according to claim 2, wherein the water content is reduced by a moisture meter installed in the medium, or the nutrient solution circulation is instructed by a timer. The liquid fertilizer returned to the tank is reused by supplying the medium to the medium via the irrigation tube.

In the plant cultivation apparatus of the present invention according to claim 4, a medium formed of coral gravel is spread on a horizontally placed band-shaped gutter, the plants are rooted in the medium at regular intervals, and the upper part of the medium is irrigated. A tube is arranged, the liquid fertilizer stored in the nutrient solution circulation tank is supplied to the medium via the irrigation tube, and the liquid fertilizer surplus due to the supply is passed through a filter cloth lined in the gutter. A plant cultivation device that flows into a drainage groove formed in the gutter and returns the liquid fertilizer flowing through the drainage groove from the end of the gutter to the nutrient solution circulation tank. The nutrient solution circulation tank and the liquid fertilizer. A adjusting tank, a first raw material liquid tank for storing a first raw material liquid, a second raw material liquid tank for storing a second raw material liquid, a liquid fertilizer mixer, a liquid fertilizer pump, a liquid fertilizer transfer pump, and an irrigation pump. A nutrient solution device including a level sensor for detecting the level of the liquid fertilizer in the nutrient solution circulation tank, an EC sensor, and an electromagnetic valve is provided, and the liquid nutrient solution device is provided with the liquid fertilizer in the nutrient solution circulation tank. When a certain amount of fertilizer is consumed, an appropriate amount of fertilizer is supplied from the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank to the nutrient solution circulation tank by the liquid fertilizer transfer pump according to the instruction of the level sensor, and when the water level of the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank drops, In order to supply water to the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank to a predetermined position and adjust the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank to an appropriate EC concentration, the liquid fertilizer pump and the liquid fertilizer mixer are used to supply the first raw material liquid and the second raw material. A nutrient solution control is performed in which the liquids are mixed and supplied until the liquid fertilizer stored in the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank reaches an appropriate EC concentration.

The plant cultivation device according to claim 5 is the plant cultivation device according to claim 4, further comprising a flow rate sensor for detecting the flow rate of liquid fertilizer flowing through the irrigation tube, and is installed in the nutrient solution device. The nutrient solution is controlled by the control device, and the amount of liquid fertilizer supplied from the nutrient solution circulation tank to the medium is displayed based on the detection result of the flow rate sensor.

The cost of cultivating a plant can be reduced by the method of cultivating a plant and the apparatus for cultivating a plant in the present invention.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the outline of the cultivation method of the plant which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the gutter and the filter cloth used in the method of cultivating a plant which concerns on 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is explanatory drawing which shows the whole facility using the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a top view which shows the nutrient solution apparatus of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a 1st side view which shows the nutrient solution apparatus of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a 2nd side view which shows the nutrient solution apparatus of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a 1st cross-sectional view which shows the cultivation bed and the setting stand of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a 2nd sectional view which shows the cultivation bed and the setting stand of the plant cultivation apparatus which concerns on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.

<First Embodiment>
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing an outline of a system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, in the method for cultivating a plant according to the first embodiment of the present invention, a medium 3 formed of coral gravel is spread inside a container (gutter 2) constituting the plant cultivation device 1, and the medium 3 is spread. The plant (tomato 10) is rooted in the medium 3 and the liquid fertilizer 4 is supplied to the medium 3.

More specifically, in the method of cultivating the plant shown in FIG. 1, a medium 3 formed of coral gravel is spread on a horizontally placed strip-shaped gutter 2, and tomatoes 10 are rooted in the medium 3 at regular intervals. An irrigation tube 5 is arranged above the medium 3, and the liquid fertilizer 4 stored in the nutrient solution circulation tank 6 is supplied to the medium 3 via the irrigation tube 5, and the liquid fertilizer 4 becomes excess due to the supply. Is poured into the drainage groove 8 formed in the gutter 2 through the filter cloth 7 lined in the gutter 2, and the liquid fertilizer 4 flowing in the drainage groove 8 is passed through the drainage pipe 9 from the end of the gutter 2. It is returned to the nutrient solution circulation tank 6 via the medium.

The irrigation pump 11 reuses the liquid fertilizer 4 returned to the nutrient solution circulation tank 6 by supplying the liquid fertilizer 4 to the medium 3 via the irrigation tube 5 instructed by the timer 12.
Further, the upper side of the medium 3 and the irrigation tube 5 is covered with a light-shielding sheet (light-shielding sheet 76 in FIG. 8) having holes formed through which the stems of the tomato 10 pass.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a part of the gutter and the filter cloth used in the method for cultivating a plant according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 2, the gutter 2 is formed by forming styrofoam into a band-shaped container whose upper surface is open by a mold.

The filter cloth 7 internally attached to the gutter 2 is a stack of a hydroponic black polyplastic sheet 21, a non-woven fabric 22, a plastic net 23, and a non-woven fabric 24 in this order from the bottom. The hydroponic black plastic sheet 21, the non-woven fabric 22, and the non-woven fabric 24 are formed so as to cover the entire upper side of the gutter 2. The plastic net 23 is formed to have the same size as the inner bottom surface of the gutter 2.

Here, rock wool, which is generally used as a conventional medium, requires the medium to be replaced every year, which is costly as industrial waste.
The coconut husk medium, which has become popular as a medium in recent years, is organic and changes over time, so it is necessary to replace the medium in 1 to 2 years.

In conventional high sugar content tomato cultivation, liquid fertilizer (water) is reduced as much as possible to reduce the amount of water absorbed by the fruit and increase the sugar content, resulting in less fruit production.
In response to these problems, the medium 3 formed of coral gravel used in the first embodiment of the present invention has the property of being alkaline and difficult for germs to grow over time, and therefore needs to be replaced. There is none.

In addition, in the medium 3 formed of coral gravel, it is not necessary to impose extreme irrigation restrictions in high sugar content tomato cultivation due to the characteristic that germs are difficult to propagate, so productivity can be improved.

In addition, the plant cultivation method according to the first embodiment is a closed system that recycles the drainage of the liquid fertilizer 4, and also provides equipment for sterilizing the drainage due to the characteristic that germs in the medium 3 are difficult to propagate. I don't need it.

Further, since the medium 3 formed of coral gravel used in the first embodiment of the present invention contains abundantly many kinds (70 kinds) of essential minerals such as calcium and magnesium, it is a trace element at the time of growth. It is absorbed by tomatoes and produces tomatoes with a very high sugar content (sugar content 8 to 12 degrees), so high sugar content tomatoes, which are in high demand in the market, can be produced with high efficiency.

Therefore, according to the method for cultivating a plant according to the first embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to reduce the cost for cultivating a plant (tomato).

<Second embodiment>
3 to 9 relate to the second embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view showing the entire facility using the plant cultivation device, FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the plant cultivation device, and FIG. 5 is a block diagram of the plant. A plan view showing the nutrient solution device of the cultivation device, FIG. 6 is a first side view showing the nutrient solution device, FIG. 7 is a second side view showing the nutrient solution device, and FIG. 8 is a tagger and its periphery of the plant cultivation device. A first cross-sectional view showing a part, FIG. 9 is a second cross-sectional view showing a tagger and a peripheral part of a plant cultivation apparatus.

Here, the second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the moisture meters (detection sensors 71, 72,) installed in the medium 3 in the plant cultivation devices 34, 35, 37 (see FIG. 3). Due to the decrease in water content shown in FIG. 4), the liquid fertilizer 4 (see FIG. 4) returned to the nutrient solution circulation tank 6 (see FIG. 4) is passed through the irrigation tube 5 (see FIG. 4) to the medium 3 (see FIG. 4). 8).

In FIG. 3, the tomato cultivation facility (plant) 30 has first to third cultivation buildings 31, 32, and 33 arranged in three rows.

The first cultivation building 31 is composed of a cultivation device 34 for one plant. The plant cultivation device 34 is composed of one nutrient solution device 41, a plurality of gutters 2 shown in FIG. 1, a medium 3, an irrigation tube 5, a filter cloth 7, and a drainage pipe 9.

In FIG. 3, the second cultivation building 32 is composed of a plant cultivation device 35 and a collection / shipment room 36. The plant cultivation device 35 is composed of one nutrient solution device 41, a plurality of gutters 2 shown in FIG. 1, a medium 3, an irrigation tube 5, a filter cloth 7, and a drainage pipe 9.

In FIG. 3, the third cultivation building 33 is composed of a plant cultivation device 37. The plant cultivation device 37 is composed of one nutrient solution device 41, a plurality of gutters 2 shown in FIG. 1, a medium 3, an irrigation tube 5, a filter cloth 7, and a drainage pipe 9.

In the plant cultivation devices 34, 35, 37, a medium 3 (see FIG. 8) formed of coral gravel is spread on a horizontally placed strip-shaped gutter 2, and the plants are rooted in the medium 3 at regular intervals. An irrigation tube 5 (see FIG. 4) is arranged above the medium 3, and the liquid fertilizer 4 (see FIG. 4) stored in the nutrient solution circulation tank 51 (see FIG. 4) is passed through the irrigation tube 5 to the medium 3. The liquid fertilizer 4 surplus due to the liquid supply is passed through the filter cloth 7 (see FIG. 8) embedded in the gutter 2 to the drainage groove 8 (see FIG. 8) formed in the gutter 2. The liquid fertilizer 4 flowing through the drainage groove 8 is returned from the end of the gutter 2 to the nutrient solution circulation tank 51 (see FIG. 4).

Hereinafter, the plant cultivation apparatus 34 will be described in detail.
In FIG. 4, the cultivation beds 42 and 43 of the plant cultivation apparatus 34 are a combination of the gutter 2 and the filter cloth 7 shown in FIG.

In FIG. 4, the nutrient solution device 41 includes a nutrient solution circulation tank 51, a liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52, a liquid A tank (first raw material liquid tank) 53 for storing liquid A (first raw material liquid), and liquid B. Liquid B tank (second raw material liquid tank) 54 for storing (second raw material liquid), liquid fertilizer mixer 55, liquid fertilizer pump 56, liquid fertilizer transfer pump 57, stirring pump 58, and irrigation pumps 59 and 60. The drainage pump 61, the level sensor 62 for detecting the level of the liquid fertilizer 4 in the nutrient solution circulation tank 51, the level sensor 63 for detecting the level of the liquid fertilizer 4 in the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52, and the EC sensor (fertilizer). The concentration sensor) 64, the flow rate sensors 65 and 66 for detecting the flow rate of the liquid fertilizer 4 flowing through the irrigation tube 5, the display devices 67 and 68 for displaying the detection results of the flow rate sensors 65 and 66, and the electromagnetic valve 69, respectively. , The control panel 70 and the like.

The C sensor (fertilizer concentration sensor) 64 measures the concentration in the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52.
Further, it is preferable to measure the flow rate from the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52 to the liquid fertilizer circulation tank 51 and measure the consumption amount thereof. This is because it becomes possible to measure the amount of consumption and the like.

The cultivation beds 42 and 43 are provided with detection sensors 71 and 72 for detecting the amount of water in the medium 3, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 5, in the nutrient solution device 41, the nutrient solution circulation tank 51, the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52, the liquid A liquid tank 53, and the liquid B tank 54 are divided into one long rectangular frame 50. It is provided. A diaphragm pump 73 of the liquid fertilizer mixer 55 is provided between the liquid A tank 53 and the liquid B tank 54.

FIG. 6 shows a nutrient solution device viewed from the direction C of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 6, the control panel 70 is attached to the upper side of the nutrient solution circulation tank 51.

FIG. 7 shows a nutrient solution device viewed from the D direction of FIG.
As shown in FIG. 7, the irrigation tube 5 is provided with a disc filter 74 made of 40 mesh and a disc filter 75 made of 120 mesh.
In FIG. 4, when the liquid fertilizer 4 in the nutrient solution circulation tank 51 is consumed in a certain amount, the liquid fertilizer transfer device 41 uses the liquid fertilizer transfer pump 57 from the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52 according to the instruction of the level sensor 62. An appropriate amount of fertilizer is supplied to the nutrient solution circulation tank 51, and when the water level of the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52 drops, water is supplied to the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52 to a predetermined position to properly supply the liquid fertilizer 4 of the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52. In order to obtain the EC concentration, the liquid fertilizer pump 56 and the liquid fertilizer mixer 55 are used to mix the liquid A (first raw material liquid) and the liquid B (second raw material liquid) to obtain the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank 52. The liquid fertilizer 4 stored in is supplied until it reaches an appropriate EC concentration.

The plant cultivation device 34 controls the nutrient solution by a control device (control panel 70) installed in the nutrient solution device 41, and the liquid fertilizer 4 is supplied from the nutrient solution circulation tank 51 to the medium 3. Is displayed based on the detection results of the flow rate sensors 65 and 66.

As shown in FIG. 8, the cultivation bed 42 of the plant cultivation device 34 is placed on the installation table 80.
The installation base 80 is composed of a plate-shaped top plate 81 and a plurality of legs 82 and 83 that support the top plate 81.

The legs 82 and 83 can be expanded and contracted. In the state where the legs 82 and 83 shown in FIG. 8 are the shortest (lower limit bed height), the height and width of the region S surrounded by the top plate 81, the plurality of legs 82 and 83 and the ground 84 are the warm air duct 90. The top plate 81 and the cultivation bed 42 are in the lowest state.

As shown in FIG. 9, in the state where the legs 82 and 83 are the longest (upper limit bed height), the width of the area S surrounded by the top plate 81, the legs 82 and 83 and the ground is larger than the diameter of the warm air duct 90. Keeping a little long, the height of the area S is about 1.5 times the diameter of the warm air duct 90, the width of the area S is a little longer than the diameter of the warm air duct 90, and the top plate 81 and the cultivation bed 42 is the highest state.

By adjusting the region S in this way, the temperature of the cultivation bed 42 can be optimized.
The cultivation device 35 of the second cultivation building 32 is different in the size of the cultivation bed 42 and its peripheral portion from the cultivation device 34 of the first cultivation building 31, and the remaining configuration is the same as that of the cultivation device 34.
The cultivation device 37 of the third cultivation building 33 is the same as the cultivation device 34 of the cultivation building 31.

According to the plant cultivation devices 34, 35, 37 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, by using the medium 3 formed of coral gravel, the same effect as that of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the plant can be obtained. It becomes possible to reduce the cost for cultivating (tomato).

As the medium, it is sufficient if mainly coral is used. Mainly, in the present invention, the largest proportion of other constituents is sufficient. However, we currently think that it is preferable to have more coral.
Other components may include sand, pumice stones, rubble and the like.
As the other components, those having alkaline properties are more preferable.
Other components may be shells (scallops, etc.). In some cases, only shells may be used. Furthermore, we believe that it is possible to make the liquid fertilizer 4 chemically alkaline.

Although the embodiment in which the liquid fertilizer 4 flowing through the gutter 2 is removed from the end of the gutter 2 has been described, it is also possible to provide a discharge port for sequentially discharging from the middle. In that case, there is an advantage that the slope may not be formed and the slope may be gentle. It is particularly effective when the gutter 2 becomes long.
Further, it is preferable to observe the flow rates of the irrigation pumps 59 and 60 and measure how much the irrigation pumps are used.
Similarly, it is preferable to observe the flow rate of the liquid fertilizer transfer pump 57.

The structure, system, program, material, connection of each member, chemical substance, etc. of the present invention can be variously changed without changing the gist of the present invention.
As the material, metal, plastic, FRP, wood, concrete and the like can be freely selected.

For example, it is possible to combine two or more members into one, and conversely, it is also possible to configure one member from two or more other members and connect them.

In addition, the first and second embodiments are only two of the best or close to the present ones.
Further, the control and the like may be controlled by a higher-level control portion or may be controlled by a higher-end control portion.
Further, the order of control and the like can be appropriately changed as long as it has a predetermined effect.

<Definition, etc.>
As the plant to be cultivated in the present invention, it can be applied to various vegetables and fruits such as mango, banana, melon, paprika, eggplant, cucumber and strawberry, in addition to tomato. In addition to mini tomatoes, it can be applied to fruit rubies, Sicilian rouge, Momotaro, etc. as tomato varieties. In addition to vegetables and fruits, it can be applied to plants such as grains that should have a high sugar content.

1 ... Plant cultivation equipment 2 ... Gutter 3 ... Medium 4 ... Liquid fertilizer 5 ... Irrigation tube 6 ... Nutrient solution circulation tank 7 ... Filter cloth 10 ... Tomato

Claims (5)

A method for cultivating a plant in which a medium mainly formed of coral gravel is spread inside the container, the plant is rooted in the medium, and liquid fertilizer is supplied to the medium. A medium formed of coral gravel is spread on a horizontally placed strip-shaped gutter, plants are rooted in the medium at regular intervals, an irrigation tube is placed on the top of the medium, and liquid fertilizer stored in a nutrient solution circulation tank. Is supplied to the medium via the irrigation tube, and the liquid fertilizer surplus due to the supply is poured into the drainage groove formed in the gutter through a filter cloth lined in the gutter, and the drainage is performed. A method for cultivating a plant in which the liquid fertilizer flowing through the liquid groove is returned from the gutter to the nutrient solution circulation tank. A claim that the liquid fertilizer returned to the nutrient solution circulation tank is reused by supplying the medium through the irrigation tube in response to a decrease in the amount of water indicated by the moisture meter installed in the medium or an instruction by a timer. Item 2. The method for cultivating a plant according to Item 2. A medium formed of coral gravel is spread on a horizontally placed strip-shaped gutter, plants are rooted in the medium at regular intervals, an irrigation tube is placed on the top of the medium, and liquid fertilizer stored in a nutrient solution circulation tank. Is supplied to the medium via the irrigation tube, and the liquid fertilizer surplus due to the supply is poured into the drainage groove formed in the gutter through a filter cloth lined in the gutter, and the drainage is performed. A plant cultivation device that returns the liquid fertilizer flowing through the liquid groove from the end of the gutter to the nutrient solution circulation tank.
The nutrient solution circulation tank, the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank, the first raw material liquid tank for storing the first raw material liquid, the second raw material liquid tank for storing the second raw material liquid, the liquid fertilizer mixer, and the liquid fertilizer pump. A liquid fertilizer transfer device including a liquid fertilizer transfer pump, an irrigation pump, a level sensor for detecting the level of liquid fertilizer in the nutrient solution circulation tank, and a solenoid valve.
When a certain amount of liquid fertilizer in the nutrient solution circulation tank is consumed, the nutrient solution device appropriately applies fertilizer to the nutrient solution circulation tank from the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank by the liquid fertilizer transfer pump according to the instruction of the level sensor. When the amount is supplied and the water level in the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank drops, water is supplied to the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank to a predetermined position, and the liquid fertilizer pump and the liquid fertilizer mixer are used to adjust the liquid fertilizer in the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank to an appropriate EC concentration. A plant cultivation apparatus for controlling a nutrient solution by mixing the first raw material solution and the second raw material solution and supplying the liquid fertilizer stored in the liquid fertilizer adjusting tank until the proper EC concentration is reached. A flow rate sensor for detecting the flow rate of the liquid fertilizer flowing through the irrigation tube is further provided, the nutrient solution is controlled by a control device installed in the nutrient solution device, and the solution is supplied to the medium from the nutrient solution circulation tank. The plant cultivation apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the supply amount of liquid fertilizer is displayed based on the detection result of the flow rate sensor.

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