JPWO2019220855A1 - 油分解微生物 - Google Patents
油分解微生物 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2019220855A1 JPWO2019220855A1 JP2020519531A JP2020519531A JPWO2019220855A1 JP WO2019220855 A1 JPWO2019220855 A1 JP WO2019220855A1 JP 2020519531 A JP2020519531 A JP 2020519531A JP 2020519531 A JP2020519531 A JP 2020519531A JP WO2019220855 A1 JPWO2019220855 A1 JP WO2019220855A1
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- oil
- mineral oil
- microorganism
- present
- decomposing
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一側面では、アシネトバクター・ソリ(Acinetobacter soli)に属し、以下の菌学的性質を示す、油分解微生物(特に鉱油分解微生物)が提供される。本発明の一実施形態では、アシネトバクター・ソリ(Acinetobacter soli)に属し、以下の菌学的性質を示し、配列番号1で示される16S rDNA塩基配列を有する、油分解微生物(特に鉱油分解微生物)が提供される。本発明に係る微生物は、油(特に鉱油)分解性に優れる。なお、本明細書において、アシネトバクター・ソリ(Acinetobacter soli)に属し、以下の菌学的性質を示す、油分解微生物を、単に「本発明に係る油分解微生物」または「本発明に係る微生物」とも称する。
日本島根県海岸部の土壌または廃油処理施設の廃液、下水もしくは河川水から採取したサンプルを、以下の方法で作製された一次スクリーニング用液体培地に適量添加し、30℃で1週間培養する。培養後の培養液100μLをさらに一次スクリーニング用液体培地140mLに接種し、再度30℃で1週間培養する。なお、本明細書において、以下の方法で作製された一次スクリーニング用液体培地を、単に「一次スクリーニング用液体培地」とも称する。
単離微生物を、LB寒天培地(Becton Dickinson, USA)を用いて、30℃で24時間、好気培養して、以下の菌株の同定(分類)に供試した。
単離微生物の16S rDNA塩基配列を、以下のプロトコール(PCR増幅からサイクルシークエンスまでの操作)に基づいて解析した。なお、塩基配列は、シークエンサーからの生データ(エレクトロフェログラム)を目視にて確認し、補正を行った後に決定する。
上記スクリーニングによって単離した菌株(単離微生物)の菌学的性質を以下に示す。形態観察は光学顕微鏡(BX50F4、Olympus, Japan)を用いて行った。グラム染色はフェイバーG「ニッスイ」(Nissui Pharmaceutical, Japan)を用いて行った。カタラーゼ反応、オキシダーゼ反応、ブドウ糖からの酸/ガス産生、ブドウ糖の酸化/発酵(O/F)についての試験は、Barrow & Felthamの方法(Barrow G.I. & Feltham R.K.A. (1993), Cowan and Steel’s Manual for the Identification of Medical Bacteria. 3rd edition, Cambridge University Press)の方法に基づいて行う。
本明細書において、鉱油の低減効果は、以下の方法により鉱油減少率に基づいて評価される。すなわち、鉱油を、鉱油濃度が1,000〜20,000ppmとなるように、上記の三次スクリーニング用液体培地と同じである無菌処理済の油分分解評価用培地(5mL)に加えて、試験液(pH 6.0)を調製する(油分:0.1〜2%(w/v)(1g/L〜20g/L))。この試験液に対し、平板培地(例えば、二次スクリーニング用寒天培地)上で培養した微生物を接種し、任意の温度帯(例えば、30℃)で24時間振盪(140rpm)培養する。接種する菌の量は、白金耳で一白金耳程度である。試験液に接種する微生物は、三次スクリーニング用液体培地などで前培養したものを用いてもよい。前培養することにより、接種する菌量を容易に調節できる。前培養した微生物を用いる場合は、試験液1mLに対し、1.5×106CFU/mlとなるように接種する。培養温度は菌体の油分分解・資化能が高い温度帯に合わせて設定すればよいが、例えば10℃以上45℃未満、好ましくは15〜35℃である。
本発明に係るアシネトバクター・ソリ(Acinetobacter soli)に属する油分解微生物(以下、単に「微生物」とも称する)の培養方法は、当該微生物が生育・増殖できるものであれば、いずれのものであってよい。例えば、本発明の微生物の培養に使用する培地は、固体または液体培地のいずれでもよく、また、使用する微生物が資化しうる炭素源、適量の窒素源、無機塩及びその他の栄養素を含有する培地であれば、合成培地または天然培地のいずれでもよい。通常、培地は、炭素源、窒素源および無機物を含む。
本発明の一側面では、本発明に係る油分解微生物を油と接触させる工程を含む、油の分解方法または油を含む排水に本発明に係る油分解微生物を接触させる工程を含む、排水の処理方法が提供される。本発明の好ましい形態では、本発明に係る油分解微生物を鉱油と接触させる工程を含む、鉱油の分解方法が提供される。または、本発明の好ましい形態では、鉱油を含む排水に本発明に係る油分解微生物を接触させる工程を含む、排水の処理方法が提供される。本発明の特に好ましい形態は、アシネトバクター・ソリ(Acinetobacter soli) 1−1357株(受託番号NITE BP−02665)を鉱油と接触させる工程を含む、鉱油の分解方法である。または、本発明の特に好ましい形態は、鉱油を含む排水にアシネトバクター・ソリ(Acinetobacter soli) 1−1357株(受託番号NITE BP−02665)を接触させる工程を含む、排水の処理方法である。ここで、本発明に係る油分解微生物が接触する対象は、油を含むものであれば特に制限されず、上記したような鉱油自体に加えて、油(特に鉱油)を含む工業排水、油(特に鉱油)を含む工業排水を処理するための施設である除害施設(排水処理施設)の排水、整備工場、駐車場、洗車場やガソリンスタンド等に設置されているオイルトラップやガソリントラップ、および油(特に鉱油)が漏出した海、河川や土壌などがありえる。本発明に係る油分解微生物(特に1−1357株)は、油分、特に鉱油(炭化水素)に対して高い分解能を有し、広範な油濃度の水質環境において油分を効率よく除去できる。このため、本発明の方法によれば、本発明に係る油分解微生物(特に1−1357株)を排水、排水処理施設、オイルトラップやガソリントラップ、油(油分)が漏出した海、河川、土壌などに添加することにより、油(特に鉱油)を効率よく分解し、自然環境の汚染を有効に防止・抑制できる。また、本発明に係る油分解微生物(特に1−1357株)は、もともと自然界に存在する微生物である。このため、本発明の方法では、自然環境に悪影響を及ぼすことは少ないまたはない(安全に油分を除去できる)。加えて、油(特に鉱油)分解後に本発明に係る微生物を別途回収する必要がないため、本発明の方法では、浄化費用が低くおさえられ、経済的な面でも好ましい。
本発明の一側面では、本発明に係る油分解微生物を含む、油分解剤(排水処理剤)が提供される。本発明の一実施形態では、本発明に係る油分解微生物を含む、鉱油分解剤(排水処理剤)が提供される。本発明の好ましい形態では、アシネトバクター・ソリ(Acinetobacter soli) 1−1357株(受託番号NITE BP−02665)を含む、鉱油分解剤(排水処理剤)が提供される。本発明に係る油分解微生物は、油(特に鉱油)の低減効果に優れる(油分解率(特に鉱油減少率)が高い)。また、本発明に係る油分解微生物は、広範な油濃度(例えば、1,000〜20,000ppm)の水質環境においても排水などを浄化し得る(排水中の油を除去し得る)。したがって、本発明に係る油分解微生物を含む排水処理剤を、油(特に鉱油)、油(特に鉱油)を含む排水、ならびに油(特に鉱油)が漏出した海、河川および土壌、ならびにこれらの処理設備(例えば、除害施設、オイルトラップやガソリントラップ)に用いることにより、油(特に鉱油)を効果的に分解する(排水などを効率的に浄化する)ことができる。なお、上記の油分解微生物および排水処理方法に関する説明は、必要に応じて改変されて本実施形態に適用され得る。
島根県海岸部の土壌から採取したサンプルを、上記と同様にして作製された一次スクリーニング用液体培地に適量添加し、30℃で1週間培養した。培養後の培養液100μLをさらに一次スクリーニング用液体培地5mLに接種し、再度30℃で1週間培養した。
上記と同様にして作製された三次スクリーニング用液体培地5mLに、鉱油濃度が1,000〜20,000ppm(1〜20g/L)となるように、鉱油を加えて、滅菌した試験液を調製した。二次スクリーニング用寒天培地上で培養した単離菌株を白金耳で一白金耳、上記方法で調製した試験液に接種し、30℃で24時間振盪培養(140rpm)した。
Claims (6)
- 配列番号1で示される16S rDNA塩基配列を有する、請求項1に記載の油分解微生物。
- 1,000〜20,000ppm範囲内の少なくとも1の鉱油濃度における鉱油減少率が60重量%以上である、請求項1または2に記載の油分解微生物。
- アシネトバクター・ソリ(Acinetobacter soli) 1−1357株(受託番号NITE BP−02665)で特定される、請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の油分解微生物。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の油分解微生物を油と接触させる工程を含む、油の分解方法。
- 請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の油分解微生物を含む、油分解剤。
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