JPWO2019151314A1 - Display device - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a display device that enables high-speed display drive while increasing the degree of freedom of display by expanding the display range of a virtual image with respect to a projection distance and a display direction. The head-up display device (200), which is the display device of the present invention, has a reflective display element which is a DMD or LCOS, and is formed by a display device (11) for forming a display image and a display device (11). When changing the projection position of the display optical system (30) that projects the display image to form the projected image (virtual image) IM and the projected image (virtual image) (IM) by the display optical system (30), the display device ( A device drive unit (14) for moving 11) in at least one of a predetermined direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction and the optical axis AX direction is provided.

Description

The present invention relates to a display device in which the projection position of a virtual image is variable.

As a display device, there is a head-up display (hereinafter, also referred to as HUD (Head-Up Display)) device including a projection optical system for projecting an image displayed on a display element and a display screen for displaying the image as a virtual image. .. The HUD device can reduce the risk compared to conventional speed meters and other devices that display information on an instrument panel, in that the driver can check the display without significantly moving the line of sight or viewpoint. There are merits. In the future, it is expected that the HUD device will be actively used as a display device to support the safe driving of the driver, and at that time, it is necessary to surely convey the danger information to be conveyed and the information to be noted to the driver. In order to convey information to the driver more reliably, for example, for a target that the driver should pay attention to in front of the driver, information such as danger can be recognized without significantly shifting the line of sight or viewpoint from the target. Display is desired.

For example, in the apparatus of Patent Document 1, in the optical system for forming a virtual image, a virtual image is formed by using a plurality of display panels having different arrangements, so that the display distance to the virtual image is changed without providing a movable portion.

However, in the device of Patent Document 1, since the position of each display panel and the display distance due to the position are fixed, the display direction of the virtual image is limited by setting the projection distance of the virtual image, and the display direction of the virtual image is set. The projection distance of the virtual image is limited, and the degree of freedom of display is limited.

Further, Patent Document 2 shows a method of controlling a virtual image and a device for controlling a virtual image in a head-up display using a front glass of an automobile or the like as a combiner, and a concave mirror is used as a turning mirror to appear a virtual image point of the concave mirror. By moving the display within the range to be made, the focal length and size of the appearing virtual image are controlled.

However, in the device of Patent Document 2, an LCD using a liquid crystal display is used as a display device, and since a light source is arranged in the back, the weight of the entire display device to be moved is heavy, for example, the display device is driven at high speed. At the same time, when considering a device or the like in which the observer (driver) can observe the display in 3D by changing the distance for projecting the virtual image at high speed, high-speed driving becomes difficult, which is not desirable.

Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2004-168230 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-115381

An object of the present invention is to provide a display device that enables high-speed display drive while increasing the degree of freedom of display by expanding the display range of a virtual image with respect to a projection distance and a display direction.

In order to realize at least one of the above-mentioned objects, a display device reflecting one aspect of the present invention is a display device having a reflective display element which is a DMD or LCOS and forming a display image, and a display device. When changing the display optical system that projects the formed display image to form a virtual image and the projection position of the virtual image by the display optical system, the display device is placed in a predetermined direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis direction and the optical axis direction. A device drive unit for moving to at least one of the above is provided.

FIG. 1A is a side sectional view showing a state in which the head-up display device, which is the display device of the first embodiment, is mounted on the vehicle body, and FIG. 1B is a front view from the inside of the vehicle for explaining the head-up display device. is there. It is an enlarged side sectional view explaining the specific structural example of the projection optical system and the like constituting the head-up display device which is a display device. It is a side view explaining the device drive part. 4A and 4B are a partially broken plan view and a partially broken side view for explaining the structure of the diffusion portion incorporating the intermediate screen. 5A and 5B are partial side sectional views for explaining the setting of the reference axis of the rotating body, and FIG. 5C is a diagram for explaining the movement of the functional region with the rotation of the intermediate screen. It is a figure which concretely exemplifies the change of the position of an intermediate image. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the position of an intermediate image and the projection distance, and also explains the display zone and the distance zone. It is a block diagram explaining the whole structure of a head-up display device. It is a perspective view explaining a specific display state. 10A corresponds to FIG. 6, and FIGS. 10B to 10D correspond to the projected image or frame in FIG. It is a figure explaining the operation example of the head-up display apparatus shown in FIG. It is a conceptual diagram explaining an example of switching of a display in a display zone. It is a figure explaining the display device or the head-up display device of the 2nd Embodiment. It is a figure which concretely exemplifies the change of the position of the intermediate image in the 2nd Embodiment.

[First Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the display device of the first embodiment according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

1A and 1B are conceptual side sectional views and front views for explaining the image display device 100 among the head-up display devices as the display devices of the embodiment. The image display device 100 is mounted in, for example, the vehicle body 2 of an automobile, and includes a projection unit 10 and a display screen 20. The image display device 100 displays image information displayed on the display device 11 described later in the projection unit 10 as a virtual image toward the driver VD who is an observer via the display screen 20, and is also called a display device. Sometimes.

Of the image display device 100, the projection unit 10 is installed so as to be embedded behind the display 50 in the dashboard 4 of the vehicle body 2, and is a display light which is an image light corresponding to an image including driving-related information and the like. The DL is ejected toward the display screen 20. The display screen 20, also called a combiner, is a semitransparent concave mirror or a planar mirror. The display screen 20 is erected on the dashboard 4 by the support of the lower end, and reflects the display light (image light) DL from the projection unit 10 toward the rear of the vehicle body 2. That is, in the case of the illustration, the display screen 20 is a stand-alone type that is installed separately from the front window 8. The display light DL reflected by the display screen 20 is guided to the pupil PU of the driver VD sitting in the driver's seat 6 and the eye box EB corresponding to the peripheral position thereof. The driver VD can observe the display light DL reflected by the display screen 20, that is, the projected image IM as a virtual image in front of the vehicle body 2. On the other hand, the driver VD can observe the outside light transmitted through the display screen 20, that is, the front view, the real image of the automobile, and the like. As a result, the driver VD, who is the observer, superimposes the external world image or the see-through image behind the display screen 20 and includes related information such as driving-related information formed by the reflection of the display light DL on the display screen 20. The projected image (virtual image) IM can be observed.

Here, the display screen 20 is configured separately from the front window 8, but the front window 8 is used as the display screen to project onto the display range set in the front window 8, and the driver VD performs the projection image IM. It may be configured so that At this time, the reflection region can be secured by changing the reflectance of a part of the glass of the front window 8 by a coat or the like. Further, if the reflection angle on the front window 8 is, for example, about 60 degrees, the reflectance is secured to about 15%, and it can be used as a reflective surface having transparency without providing a coating. In addition to these, a display screen may be provided so as to be sandwiched in the glass of the front window 8.

As shown in FIG. 2, the projection unit 10 has the display device 11, the main body optical system 13 which is a virtual image type magnifying image system, and the display device 11 in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction and the optical axis AX direction. A device drive unit 14 that moves the device in at least one of the predetermined directions, a display control unit 18 that controls the operation of the display device 11, the display device 11, the device drive unit 14, the main body optical system 13, the display control unit 18, and the like are housed. The housing 12 is provided. Of these, the combination of the main body optical system 13 and the display screen 20 constitutes the display optical system 30.

The display device 11 is a display element having a two-dimensional display surface 11a. The display device 11 is a light modulation type display device illuminated by a light source. The image formed on the display surface 11a of the display device (display element) 11 is magnified by the imaging optical system (first projection optical system) 15 and projected onto the spiral surface intermediate screen 19 provided in the diffusion unit 16. To. At this time, by using the display device 11 capable of two-dimensional display, the switching of the projected image IM with respect to the intermediate screen 19, that is, the switching of the projected image IM displayed as a virtual image through the display screen 20 can be made relatively high speed. The display device 11 is a small, high-speed controllable reflective element that does not require a backlight, and specifically includes a DMD (Digital Mirror Device) and an LCOS (Liquid crystal on silicon). When DMD or LCOS is used as the display device 11, not only can it be moved at high speed, but it is also easy to switch images at high speed (including high-speed intermittent display) while maintaining brightness, and a virtual image. It is advantageous for displays that change the distance or projection distance. When the display distance is changed, the display device 11 operates at a frame rate of 30 fps or more, more preferably 60 fps or more, for each projection distance. This makes it possible to make a plurality of projected image (virtual image) IMs appear to be displayed to the driver (observer) VD at the same time at different projection distances. In particular, when switching the display at 90 fps or more, DMD or LCOS is desirable as the display device 11. The projected image IM can be, for example, a sign such as a frame surrounding an object in front of the eyes.

As shown in FIG. 3, the device drive unit 14 has a first drive unit 14a that moves the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction or the Y direction, and the display device 11 in the X direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction. It has a second drive unit 14b for moving the display device 11 and a third drive unit 14c for moving the display device 11 in the Z direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction. The first to third drive units 14a, 14b, 14c are actuators using the piezo elements 14e, 14f, 14g. Since the device drive unit 14 is an actuator using piezo elements 14e, 14f, 14g, the control of the movement amount of the display device 11 becomes high speed and relatively precise, and the height is changed while changing the virtual image position at high speed by a small mechanism. It is possible to display the accuracy. The first drive unit 14a includes a guide for guiding the movement of the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction in addition to the circuit attached to the piezo element 14e. The second drive unit 14b includes a guide for guiding the movement of the display device 11 in the ± X direction in addition to the circuit attached to the piezo element 14f. The third drive unit 14c includes a guide for guiding the movement of the display device 11 in the ± Z direction in addition to the circuit attached to the piezo element 14g. The display device 11 can be moved in the optical axis AX direction by the first drive unit 14a, and the display state can be maintained in response to a change in the projection distance, as will be described later. Further, the display device 11 can be moved in the ± X direction by the second drive unit 14b, and the viewing angle can be expanded in the horizontal X direction and the eyebox size in the X direction can be increased as compared with the case where the display device 11 is not moved. It can be enlarged. Further, the display device 11 can be moved in the ± Z direction by the third drive unit 14c, and the viewing angle can be expanded in the vertical Z direction and the eyebox size in the Z direction can be increased as compared with the case where the display device 11 is not moved. It can be enlarged.

Returning to FIG. 2, the main body optical system 13 converts the imaging optical system 15 which is the first projection optical system that forms the enlarged intermediate image TI of the image formed on the display device 11 and the intermediate image TI into a virtual image. It includes a virtual image forming optical system 17 which is a second projection optical system, and a diffusion unit 16 arranged between the two optical systems 15 and 17 for projection.

The imaging optical system 15, which is the first projection optical system, does not have a lens or a movable mechanism in particular, but can also have a focusing position changing portion. Here, the focusing position changing unit is a portion that operates in accordance with a change in the projection distance by the display optical system 30, and under the control of the display control unit 18, for example, driving the display device 11 alone drives the intermediate screen 19. It has a function of suppressing focus blur and the like driven by the focus drive unit 15c when it cannot be operated to a range and focus blur occurs as it is.

The diffusion unit 16 is arranged at the projection position or the imaging position (that is, the planned imaging position of the intermediate image or its vicinity) by the imaging optical system (first projection optical system) 15, and includes the rotating body 16a and the hollow frame body 16b. Is driven by the rotation drive unit 64, which is a screen drive unit, and rotates around the reference axis SX at a constant speed, for example.

FIG. 4A is a front view for explaining the diffusion unit 16, and FIG. 4B is a side sectional view for explaining the diffusion unit 16. The diffusion portion 16 has a spiral rotating body 16a having a contour similar to a disk as a whole, and a cylindrical hollow frame body 16b for accommodating the rotating body 16a.

The rotating body 16a has a central portion 16c and an outer peripheral optical portion 16p. One surface 16f formed on the outer peripheral optical portion 16p of the rotating body 16a is formed on a smooth surface or an optical surface, and an intermediate screen 19 is formed on the surface 16f over the entire area. The surface 16f of the rotating body 16a functions as a three-dimensional shape portion 116. The intermediate screen 19 is a diffusion plate in which the light distribution angle is controlled to a desired angle, and the degree of diffusion (diffusion angle of half-value intensity of the diffusion distribution) is, for example, 20 ° or more. The intermediate screen 19 can be a sheet attached to the rotating body 16a, but may be a fine uneven pattern formed on the surface of the rotating body 16a. Further, the intermediate screen 19 may be formed so as to be embedded inside the rotating body 16a. The intermediate screen 19 forms an intermediate image TI by diffusing the incident display light DL (see FIG. 2). By providing the intermediate screen 19 having a diffusing action at the position of the intermediate image TI, the image formed on the intermediate screen 19 can be magnified and projected, and the viewing angle and the eyebox EB can be largely secured. The other surface 16s formed on the outer peripheral optical portion 16p of the rotating body 16a is formed on a smooth surface or an optical surface. The rotating body 16a is a spiral member having light transmission, and the pair of surfaces 16f and 16s are spiral surfaces having the reference axis SX as the spiral axis. As a result, the intermediate screen 19 formed on one surface 16f is also formed along a continuous helicoid surface. The rotating body 16a has substantially the same thickness t with respect to the reference axis SX or the optical axis AX direction. The intermediate screen 19 is formed in a range corresponding to one cycle of the spiral. That is, the intermediate screen 19 is formed in the range of one pitch of the spiral. As a result, a step portion 16j is formed at one location along the circumference of the diffusion portion 16. The step portion 16j has a connecting surface 16k that connects the steps between the spiral ends and is inclined with respect to a plane including the reference axis SX that rotates the diffusion portion 16.

In the rotating body 16a, one location along the circumferential direction is a functional region FA through which the optical axis AX of the main body optical system 13 passes, and an intermediate image TI is formed by a portion of the intermediate screen 19 in the functional region FA. This functional area FA moves at a constant speed on the rotating body 16a as the rotating body 16a rotates. That is, by rotating the rotating body 16a and incident the display light (video light) DL on the functional region FA which is a part of the rotating body 16a, the position of the functional region FA or the intermediate image TI reciprocates along the optical axis AX. (If the display of the display device 11 is not operating, an intermediate image as a display is not necessarily formed, but the position where the intermediate image is likely to be formed is also called the position of the intermediate image). In the illustrated example, since the intermediate screen 19 is formed in a range corresponding to one cycle of the spiral, the functional area FA or the intermediate image TI of the intermediate screen 19 is stepped in the optical axis AX direction in one rotation of the rotating body 16a. It will make one round trip for the distance corresponding to.

The first drive unit 14a operates synchronously according to the rotation position of the rotating body 16a, and moves the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction or the Y direction according to the position of the functional area FA of the intermediate screen 19. .. Here, the drive of the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction by the first drive unit 14a constituting the device drive unit and the drive of the intermediate screen 19 in the optical axis AX direction are synchronized. Further, while driving the display device 11 and the intermediate screen 19, the positional relationship between the display device 11 and the intermediate screen 19 is maintained so as to be optically conjugated. As a result, it is possible to drive the virtual image without causing blurring regardless of the projection distance. That is, the first drive unit 14a focuses the intermediate image TI so that the intermediate image TI is hardly out of focus depending on the position of the intermediate screen 19. The drive range of the display device 11 by the device drive unit 14 with respect to the optical axis AX direction is within the range of the depth of focus in consideration of the movement of the intermediate image TI in the display optical system 30. In this case, for example, while reducing the driving amount of the intermediate screen 19, it is possible to display with the virtual image projection distance changed without causing blurring of the virtual image regardless of the projection distance. When the first drive unit 14a is not provided, the imaging optical system (first projection optical system) 15 sets a predetermined depth of focus equal to or greater than the movement range of the functional region FA so that the position of the intermediate screen 19 does not cause out-of-focus. It shall have, or the imaging optical system 15 shall have a focusing function.

The hollow frame body 16b has a columnar outer contour, and is composed of a side surface portion 16e and a pair of end face portions 16g and 16h. The side surface portions 16e and the pair of end face portions 16g and 16h are made of the same light-transmitting material. However, the side surface portion 16e does not have to have light transmission. The main surfaces 63a and 63b of one end surface portion 16g are smooth surfaces or optical surfaces parallel to each other, and the main surfaces 64a and 64b of the other end surface portion 16h are also smooth surfaces or optical surfaces parallel to each other. There is. Here, the main surfaces 63a and 63b or the main surfaces 64a and 64b do not necessarily have to be parallel planes, and if at least the range corresponding to the functional region FA is a free curved surface shape or an aspherical shape, it is difficult to secure performance, for example. Even in a high-magnification optical system, it is possible to secure image performance such as distortion and image plane properties required for the optical system, so that a desirable surface shape may be selected as necessary. The rotating body 16a in the hollow frame body 16b is fixed to the hollow frame body 16b via a pair of central shaft portions 65, and the hollow frame body 16b and the rotating body 16a rotate integrally around the reference axis SX. To do. By arranging the rotating body 16a provided with the intermediate screen 19 in the hollow frame body 16b in this way, it is possible to suppress the adhesion of dust and the like to the rotating body 16a, and the generation of sound accompanying the rotation of the rotating body 16a can be generated. It can be suppressed, and it becomes easy to stabilize the rotation of the rotating body 16a at a high speed. The rotating body 16a may be fixed to the hollow frame body 16b at its outer peripheral portion. In this case, it becomes easy to reduce the thickness of the diffusion portion 16.

The setting of the reference axis SX of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) will be described with reference to FIGS. 5A and 5B. The reference axis SX of the rotating body 16a is arranged so as to be slightly tilted in a state non-parallel to the optical axis AX of the main body optical system 13. Here, the intermediate screen 19 on the rotating body 16a is arranged so that its local functional region FA is substantially orthogonal to the optical axis AX direction of the main body optical system 13. That is, as shown in FIG. 5A, when the rotating body 16a is observed from a viewpoint distant from the optical axis AX in the lateral direction with the functional region FA, the reference axis SX is tilted by a predetermined angle α with respect to the optical axis AX. As shown in FIG. 5B, the reference axis SX has a predetermined interval d with respect to the optical axis AX when observed from a viewpoint distant from the case of FIG. 5A with respect to the rotating body 16a. It is in a state of being separated. In FIG. 5A, the first position PO1 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line indicates the case where the functional region FA or the intermediate image TI is located most upstream of the optical path, and similarly, the second position PO2 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line is the functional region FA or It shows the case where the intermediate image TI is located on the most downstream side of the optical path. The distance D between these positions PO1 and PO2 corresponds to the amount of displacement of the functional region FA or the intermediate image TI in the optical axis AX direction.

Returning to FIG. 2, by rotating the diffusion unit 16 around the reference axis SX at a constant speed by the rotation drive unit 64 which is the screen drive unit, the intermediate screen 19 (or the three-dimensional shape unit 116) of the rotating body 16a is illuminated. The position intersecting the axis AX (that is, the functional area FA) also moves in the optical axis AX direction. That is, as shown in FIG. 5C, as the rotating body 16a rotates, the functional area FA on the intermediate screen 19 is sequentially shifted to the adjacent functional area FA'set at positions shifted by, for example, equal angles. It moves in the direction of the optical axis AX. By moving the functional area FA in the optical axis AX direction, the position of the intermediate image TI can also be moved in the optical axis AX direction. Although the details will be described later, for example, by moving the position of the intermediate image TI to the display device (display element) 11 side, the projection distance or the virtual image distance to the projection image IM can be increased. Further, by moving the position of the intermediate image TI toward the virtual image forming optical system 17, the projection distance or the virtual image distance to the projected image IM can be reduced.

The virtual image forming optical system (second projection optical system) 17 magnifies the intermediate image TI formed by the imaging optical system (first projection optical system) 15 in cooperation with the display screen 20, and the driver who is an observer. A projected image IM as a virtual image is formed in front of the VD. The virtual image forming optical system 17 is composed of at least one mirror, but includes two mirrors 17a and 17b in the illustrated example. The virtual image forming optical system (second projection optical system) 17 can have optical characteristics such as correcting the curvature of the intermediate screen 19 (that is, the curvature of field of the intermediate image TI) in the functional region FA of the rotating body 16a.

In the image display device 100 shown in FIG. 2 and the like, by operating the rotation drive unit 64 under the control of the display control unit 18, the diffusion unit 16 rotates around the reference axis SX and is an intermediate image corresponding to the functional region FA. The position of the TI repeatedly and periodically moves in the direction of the optical axis AX, and the distance between the projected image IM as a virtual image formed behind the display screen 20 by the virtual image forming optical system 17 and the driver VD who is the observer is increased. Or it can be made smaller. In this way, the position of the projected projected image IM is changed back and forth, and the display device 11 is synchronized with the arrangement of the intermediate image TI and moved in the optical axis AX direction under the control of the display control unit 18. By making the display content by the display device (display element) 11 correspond to the position, the display content of the projection image IM is changed while changing the projection distance or the virtual image distance to the projection image IM. Therefore, the projected image IM as a series of projected images can be made three-dimensional. Even if the functional region FA moves in the optical axis AX direction, the curved state of the intermediate screen 19 in the functional region FA is maintained, so that the virtual image forming optical system (second projection optical system) is maintained regardless of the position of the projection image IM. The effect of the correction by) 17 is maintained.

The rotation speed of the diffuser 16 or the rotating body 16a or the movement speed of the functional region FA is as if the projected image IM as a virtual image is simultaneously displayed at a plurality of places or a plurality of projection distances in the depth direction as described in detail later. It is desirable that the speed is such that it can be shown. Here, if the projected image IM of each distance zone (subzone described later) is switched at 30 fps or more, preferably 60 fps or more, the plurality of displayed images are visually recognized as continuous images. For example, assuming that the projected image IM is sequentially projected in five stages from a short distance to a long distance with the operation of the diffusion unit 16, when the display device 11 displays at 200 fps, each distance (for example, a short distance) The display of the projected image IM of the above is switched at 40 fps, and the projected image IM of each distance zone is recognized as being performed in parallel and the switching is substantially continuous.

FIG. 6 is a diagram specifically exemplifying the change in the position of the intermediate image TI with the rotation of the diffusion unit 16. The functional region FA of the diffusion unit 16 repeatedly and periodically moves along the optical axis AX direction in a serrated pattern PA, and the display device (display element) 11 continuously displays the position of the intermediate image TI. When doing so, as shown in the figure, it repeatedly and periodically moves along the optical axis AX direction in a serrated aging pattern PA. That is, the position of the intermediate image TI changes continuously and periodically with the rotation of the diffusion portion 16, although it is discontinuous at the portion corresponding to the step portion 16j. As a result, although not shown, the position of the projected image (virtual image) IM also moves periodically and periodically along the optical axis AX direction in the same manner as the position of the intermediate image TI, although the scale is different, and the projection distance is continuous. Can be changed. Here, since the display device 11 does not perform continuous display but intermittently displays the display contents while switching the display contents, the display position of the intermediate image TI is also discrete on the serrated time pattern PA. Position. In the time-dependent pattern PA, a margin is secured between the display position Pn on the shortest distance side or closer to the virtual image forming optical system 17 and the display position Pf on the farthest side or closer to the anti-virtual image forming optical system 17, and the time-dependent pattern PA It is set at a position separated by a predetermined amount from both ends of. Further, the break PD of the time-dependent pattern PA corresponds to the step portion 16j provided on the rotating body 16a of the diffusion portion 16.

Here, when displaying an image of a certain distance zone, the position of the intermediate image TI changes within the displayed time as shown in FIG. 6, so that the displayed distance in the depth direction changes. At this time, the display distance seen by the observer (driver VD) for the display zone in which the distance in the depth direction changes is a substantially average position of the distance in the depth direction that changes within the display time.

FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the relationship between the position of the intermediate image TI and the projection distance or the relationship between the position of the intermediate image TI and the display zone. When the intermediate image TI is moved at the same speed in the optical axis AX direction according to the characteristic C1 indicated by the alternate long and short dash line, if the step δ of the switching time of each distance zone is set to a constant value, the step width of the projected distance is close. Short at distances and long at long distances. The step size Δ of the movement of the intermediate image TI is equal to the switching time of the displayed distance zone.

When the time to move between both ends of the position of the intermediate image TI shown in FIG. 6 is considered as one cycle, the display unit having depth is set as the display zone, and the time of the one cycle is the display time and the display zone of each display zone. If the time is shorter than the product of several n, the display zone extends over a plurality of distance zones, and the projection distance ranges overlap at least in the adjacent display zones (see display zones DZ1 to DZn in FIG. 7). By superimposing the projection distances in this way, the same projected image (virtual image) IM can be displayed with a spread in the depth direction, and each display zone can be displayed as compared with a display that does not cause overlap. The display time can be lengthened, and the brightness of the projected image (virtual image) IM is improved.

As illustrated in FIG. 7, n display zones can be set along the characteristic C1. Here, for convenience of explanation, the shortest display zone is referred to as the first display zone DZ1, and the farthest display zone is referred to as the nth display zone DZn (n is a natural number). The display distance width of the plurality of display zones DZ1 to DZn increases from a short distance to a long distance. Of the plurality of display zones DZ1 to DZn, adjacent display zones have partially overlapping projection distances, and each display zone includes those that should originally have different projection distances. That is, the projection distances of the kth display zone DZk (k is a natural number smaller than n) and the k + 1 display zone DZk + 1 partially overlap. For example, the second display zone DZ2 and the third display zone DZ3 have projection distances. Are partially duplicated. The kth display zone DZk also displays an image to be displayed in the display zone set before, after, or before and after the original display image of the projection distance of the display target to be displayed there. It is a complex projection image. In the illustrated example, while the kth display zone DZk is being displayed, the display of the entire or four sections of the distance zone or the subzones LZk-2 to LZk + 1 corresponding to each image in a certain period of time is displayed in an overlapping state. Has been done. In this case, the display time of the image displayed in each of the display zones DZ1 to DZn is different between the adjacent display zones DZ1 to DZn at the pitch of the display time step δ, so that the display time is increased by that amount. The distance between both ends of the near side and the far side fluctuates, and the average distance also fluctuates. Since the human eye or brain captures the display image at the average distance of the display zones DZ1 to DZn, the display distances of the respective display zones DZ1 to DZn are displayed as different positions even when visually displaying at the same time. Can be in the state of being.

When the kth display zone DZk is divided at the timing when the overlapping distance zones are switched and considered as a series of subzones LZk-2 to LZk + 1 including the reference subzone LZk, the display device (display element) 11 is appropriately displayed. By doing so, the same projected image (virtual image) IM is displayed in each subzone. That is, the display zone DZk is formed by a combination of a series of a plurality of subzones LZk-2 to LZk + 1 in which the distance changes stepwise. From a different point of view, the local image to be projected in the distance zone corresponding to one reference subzone LZk of interest is repeatedly displayed in the four display zones DZk-2 to DZk + 1, so it is projected in each distance zone. The local image to be produced has a uniformly improved brightness. At this time, in consideration of the change in the projection distance, a common local projection image (virtual image) projected on the distance zone common to the adjacent display zones DZk-2 to DZk + 1 (corresponding to the subzones LZk-2 to LZk + 1). The IMs are superimposed so that the position and angle sizes match. As a result, the projected image (virtual image) IM whose projection distance changes can be displayed without any deviation or blurring. Further, the average display distance at this time is a distance corresponding to the reference subzone LZk. In FIG. 7, for convenience of display, each display zone DZ1 to DZn is shown to extend in the horizontal direction, but when the vertical axis is the position of the intermediate image TI, each display zone DZ1 to DZn has characteristics. It extends along C1.

The display times in the first display zone DZ1 to the nth display zone DZn are all equal. By equalizing the display time in each of the display zones DZ1 to DZn constituting the plurality of display zones, the display brightness of the composite projected image IM by each display zone DZ1 to DZn can be matched, and the observer is able to match. It is possible to prevent the driver VD from unintentionally tending to focus on an image at a specific distance. Depending on the application, the display brightness in each display zone DZ1 to DZn can be different. For example, for a display zone corresponding to long-distance projection, processing such as increasing the display brightness is possible.

When displaying different objects in a specific depth direction on the screen, the display objects with different distances are in close positions that overlap or substantially overlap in a two-dimensional plane other than the depth direction, and interference between the displays is caused. It is possible that it will occur, and it is necessary to avoid this. For example, if display objects existing at another display distance DZk'with respect to the display object in the display zone DZk are located in the vicinity in the two-dimensional plane and interference occurs in the display for each object, they are in the interference region. It is conceivable to make a display that synthesizes. Specifically, in the common area or the intersecting area where the pair of display objects overlap, the image is such that the pair of display objects are semi-transparently superimposed, and in the difference area or the independent area where the pair of display objects do not overlap, each part It is enough to make a standard display with. Alternatively, it is possible to consider a method of displaying different colors, sizes (including thickness in the case of lines), brightness, and blinking, and various display methods devised so as to be transmitted to the driver VD. Can be used.

The above explanation is based on the premise that the viewpoint of the driver VD does not move in the eyebox EB (see FIG. 1), but when the viewpoint of the driver VD moves in the eyebox EB, it is parallel to the above operation. Then, the second and third drive units 14b and 14c can be operated under the control of the display control unit 18, and the display device 11 can be displaced to a position corresponding to the viewpoint of the driver VD. Specifically, the viewpoint position of the driver VD is monitored by a device described later, and when the viewpoint position of the driver VD moves laterally from the center of the eyebox EB and is displaced in the ± X direction, the second drive unit 14b Is operated to move the display device 11 appropriately in the ± X direction from the reference position so that the projected image (virtual image) IM of the display device 11 approaches the front of the viewpoint position of the driver VD. Similarly, when the viewpoint position of the driver VD moves vertically from the center of the eyebox EB and is displaced in the ± Z direction, the second drive unit 14b is operated and the projected image (virtual image) IM of the display device 11 is the driver VD. The display device 11 is appropriately moved in the ± Z direction from the reference position so as to approach the front of the viewpoint position of. The display content of the display device 11 is changed to the movement of the display device 11 so that the projected image (virtual image) IM seen from the driver VD does not move with the movement of the display device 11 in the ± X direction or the ± Z direction. Corresponding shift, magnification change, distortion correction, etc. are given, and the consistency of the projected image (virtual image) IM seen from the driver VD is maintained. Image processing for changing the display content of the display device 11 is performed by, for example, the display control unit 18. As described above, the apparently large display device is used by moving the display device 11 in two orthogonal directions perpendicular to the optical axis AX by operating the device drive unit 14 according to the viewpoint position of the driver VD. Since the display device 11 is moved according to the viewpoint position, the viewing angle and the eye box EB can be widened with a small device.

FIG. 8 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating the overall structure of the head-up display device 200, and the head-up display device 200 includes an image display device 100 as a part thereof. The image display device 100 has the structure shown in FIG. 2, and description thereof will be omitted here.

In addition to the image display device 100, the head-up display device 200 includes a driver detection unit 71, an environment monitoring unit 72, and a main control unit 90.

The driver detection unit 71 is a viewpoint detection unit that detects the existence of the driver VD and its viewpoint position, and includes a driver's seat camera 71a, a driver's seat image processing unit 71b, and a determination unit 71c. The driver's seat camera 71a is installed in front of the driver's seat on the dashboard 4 in the vehicle body 2 (see FIG. 1B), and captures an image of the driver VD's head and its surroundings. The driver's seat image processing unit 71b performs various image processing such as brightness correction on the image captured by the driver's seat camera 71a to facilitate the processing by the determination unit 71c. The determination unit 71c detects the head and eyes of the driver VD by extracting or cutting out an object from the driver's seat image that has passed through the driver's seat image processing unit 71b, and also detects the head and eyes of the driver VD and the vehicle body 2 from the depth information accompanying the driver's seat image. The spatial position of the driver VD's eyes (resulting in the direction of the line of sight) is calculated along with the presence or absence of the driver VD's head inside.

The environment monitoring unit 72 is an object detection unit that detects an object existing in the detection area, and identifies a moving object or a person, specifically a car, a bicycle, a pedestrian, or the like that exists close to the front as an object. , Has a three-dimensional measuring instrument that extracts three-dimensional position information of an object. The environment monitoring unit (object detection unit) 72 includes an external camera 72a, an external image processing unit 72b, and a determination unit 72c as three-dimensional measuring instruments. The external camera 72a enables the acquisition of an external image in the visible or infrared region. The external camera 72a is installed at an appropriate position inside and outside the vehicle body 2, and captures a detection area VF (see FIG. 9 described later) in front of the driver VD or the front window 8 as an external image. The external image processing unit 72b performs various image processing such as brightness correction on the external image captured by the external camera 72a to facilitate the processing by the determination unit 72c. The determination unit 72c extracts or cuts out an object image from the external image that has passed through the external image processing unit 72b to obtain an object such as an automobile, a bicycle, or a pedestrian (specifically, the objects OB1 and OB1 in FIG. 9 described later). The presence or absence of (see OB2 and OB3) is detected, and the spatial position of the object in front of the vehicle body 2 is calculated from the depth information attached to the external image and stored in the storage unit as three-dimensional position information. Software that enables the extraction of the object image from the external image is stored in the storage unit of the determination unit 72c, and the software and data required from the storage unit are stored in the operation of extracting the object image from the external image. Read out. The determination unit 72c can detect what the element corresponding to the object element is, for example, from the shape, size, color, etc. of each object element in the obtained image. At that time, there is a method of performing pattern matching with the information registered in advance and detecting what the object is from the degree of matching. Further, from the viewpoint of increasing the processing speed, it is also possible to detect a lane from an image and detect an object from the above-mentioned shape, size, color, etc. of a target or an object element in the lane.

Although not shown, the external camera 72a is, for example, a compound eye type three-dimensional camera. That is, the external camera 72a is a matrix of camera elements in which a lens for imaging and a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) or other image pickup element are arranged in a matrix, and is a drive circuit for the image pickup element. Each has. The plurality of camera elements constituting the external camera 72a can detect, for example, relative parallax, and by analyzing the state of the image (focus state, object position, etc.) obtained from the camera element, the external camera element 72a can be detected. The target distance to each area or object in the image corresponding to the detection area can be determined.

Even if a combination of a two-dimensional camera and an infrared distance sensor is used instead of the compound-eye type external camera 72a as described above, each part (area or object) in the captured screen is in the depth direction. The target distance, which is the distance information, can be obtained. Further, instead of the compound eye type camera 72a, a stereo camera in which two two-dimensional cameras are separately arranged can obtain a target distance which is distance information in the depth direction with respect to each part (area or object) in the captured screen. .. In addition, with a single two-dimensional camera, it is possible to obtain a target distance, which is distance information in the depth direction, for each part (area or object) in the captured screen by performing imaging while changing the focal length at high speed. it can.

Further, instead of the compound eye type external camera 72a, the distance information in the depth direction can be obtained for each part (region or object) in the detection region by using the LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) technology. With LIDAR technology, it is possible to measure the scattered light for pulsed laser irradiation, measure the distance and extent to an object at a long distance, and acquire information on the distance to an object in the field of view and information on the extent of the object. .. Furthermore, the accuracy of object detection can be improved by a complex method that combines radar sensing technology such as LIDAR technology and technology that detects the distance of an object from image information, that is, a method that fuses multiple sensors. Can be done.

The operating speed of the camera 72a for detecting an object needs to be equal to or higher than the operating speed of the display device (display element) 11 from the viewpoint of speeding up the input, and the display switching speed of the display zones DZ1 to DZN or the display switching speed of the display zones DZ1 to DZ1. When the display period of one cycle of DZn is, for example, 30 fps or more, it is desirable to make it earlier than this. It is desirable that the camera 72a enables high-speed detection of an object by a high-speed operation of, for example, 120 fps or higher, for example, 480 fps or 1000 fps. Further, when fusing a plurality of sensors, not all the sensors need to be high speed, and at least one of the plurality of sensors needs to be high speed, but the other sensors do not have to be high speed. In this case, a method of improving the sensing accuracy may be used by using the data detected by the high-speed sensor as the basis and supplementing with the data of the non-high-speed sensor.

The display control unit 18 operates the display device 11 and the display optical system 30 under the control of the main control unit 90 to display a three-dimensional projection image IM in which the virtual image distance or the projection distance changes behind the display screen 20. Let me.

The main control unit 90 has a role of harmonizing the operations of the image display device 100, the environment monitoring unit 72, and the like. The main control unit 90 periodically cycles the projection distance of the virtual image, which is the projection image IM by the display optical system 30, by operating the rotation drive unit 64 and the device drive unit 14, which are screen drive units, via the display control unit 18, for example. Change the target. That is, the main control unit 90 and the like periodically change the projection position of the virtual image, which is the projection image IM, in the depth direction. Further, the main control unit 90 spatially supports the frame frame HW (see FIG. 9) projected by the display device 11 and the display optical system 30 so as to correspond to the spatial position of the object detected by the environment monitoring unit 72. Adjust the placement. That is, the main control unit 90 generates image data corresponding to the projected image IM to be formed by the display device 11 and the display optical system 30 from the display information including the display shape and the display distance received from the environment monitoring unit 72. The display content of the projected image IM is synchronized with the operation of the rotation drive unit 64, that is, synchronized with the movement of the intermediate image TI. The projected image IM is, for example, a sign such as a frame frame HW (see FIG. 9) located in the vicinity of an automobile, a bicycle, a pedestrian, or other object existing behind the display screen 20 in the depth position direction. be able to. This frame frame HW is shown without a depth for convenience of explanation, but has a certain depth width. As described above, the main control unit 90 functions as an image addition unit in cooperation with the display control unit 18, and at the timing when the target distance to the detected object substantially matches the projection distance, the detected object is displayed. On the other hand, a related information image is added as a virtual image via the display device 11 and the display optical system 30. At this time, the main control unit 90 cooperates with the display control unit 18 to operate the device drive unit 14 according to the viewpoint position obtained by the driver detection unit 71, which is the viewpoint detection unit, and causes the display device 11 to have an optical axis. It functions as a control unit that moves in two directions perpendicular to the AX, and has a role of dynamically expanding the viewing angle and the eyebox EB.

As shown in FIG. 9, the front of the driver VD, which is the observer, is a detection region VF corresponding to the observation field of view. It is considered that the objects OB1 and OB3 of a person such as a pedestrian and the object OB2 of a moving object such as an automobile exist in the detection area VF, that is, in the road and its surroundings. In this case, the main control unit 90 projects a three-dimensional projected image (virtual image) IM by the image display device 100, and frame frames HW1, HW2, HW3 as related information images for each object OB1, OB2, OB3. Is added. At this time, since the distance from the driver VD to each object OB1, OB2, OB3 is different, the projection distance from the driver VD to each object OB1, IM3 for displaying the frame frames HW1, HW2, HW3 is determined. It corresponds to the distance to OB2 and OB3.

The projection distances of the projected images IM1, IM2, and IM3 are formed in the display zones DZa to DZc corresponding to a part of the display zones DZ1 to DZn shown in FIG. 7, and the depths corresponding to the respective display zones DZa to DZc. Has a width. For example, in the display zone DZa, the projection distance of the projected image IM1 has a depth width corresponding to the projection distance of the projected image IM1'in FIG. The center of each projection distance, that is, the projection distances of the projection images IM1, IM2, and IM3 are discrete, and cannot always be exactly matched with the actual distances to the objects OB1, OB2, and OB3. However, if the difference between the projected distance of the projected images IM1, IM2, IM3 and the actual distance to the objects OB1, OB2, OB3 is not large, parallax is unlikely to occur even if the viewpoint of the driver VD moves, and the objects OB1, OB2 , OB3 and the frame frames HW1, HW2, HW3 can be substantially maintained. If the driver detection unit 71, the device drive unit 14, the display control unit 18, etc. are used to shift the display device 11 itself or the display content of the display device 11 according to the viewpoint of the driver VD. , It is possible to display so that parallax does not occur from the beginning.

10A corresponds to FIG. 6, FIG. 10B corresponds to the projection image IM3 or frame frame HW3 in FIG. 9, and FIG. 10C corresponds to the projection image IM2 or frame frame HW2 in FIG. 9D. Corresponds to the projected image IM1 or the frame frame HW1 in FIG. As is clear from FIGS. 10A to 10D, the projected image IM1 is concrete when the functional region FA or the intermediate image TI of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) is within a predetermined distance range centered on the display position P1. Specifically, a series formed on the display surface 11a of the display device (display element) 11 at the display timing of a predetermined display zone determined based on the characteristic C1 shown in FIG. 7 according to this distance range. Corresponds to the display image of. Similarly, the projected image IM2 is a series of displays formed on the display surface 11a of the display device 11 when the functional region FA of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) is within a distance range centered on the display position P2. Corresponding to the image, the projected image IM3 is formed on the display surface 11a of the display device 11 when the functional region FA of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116) is within a predetermined distance range centered on the display position P3. Corresponds to a series of display images. When viewed in one cycle based on the movement of the intermediate image TI, the projection image IM1 or frame frame HW1 corresponding to the display position P1 is first displayed, and then the projection image IM2 or frame frame HW2 corresponding to the display position P2 is displayed. After that, the projected image IM3 or the frame frame HW3 corresponding to the display position P3 is displayed. If the above one cycle is visually short, the switching between the projected images IM1, IM2, and IM3 becomes very fast, and the driver VD, who is the observer, simultaneously observes the frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 as images with depth. Recognize that.

FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram illustrating the operation of the main control unit 90. First, when the main control unit 90 detects the objects OB1, OB2, and OB3 by using the environment monitoring unit 72, the main control unit 90 generates display data corresponding to the frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 corresponding to the objects OB1, OB2, and OB3. Then, it is stored in a storage unit (not shown) (step S11). After that, the main control unit 90 performs data conversion such that the display data obtained in step S11 is distributed to the corresponding display zones DZ1 to DZN (step S12). Specifically, the corresponding frame frames HW1, HW2, HW3 are set to any one of the display zones DZ1 to DZn (display zones DZa to DZc in the example of FIG. 9) according to the positions of the objects OB1, OB2, and OB3. assign. Next, the main control unit 90 processes the display data corresponding to the frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 so as to fit into the display zones DZ1 to DZn, and stores the display data in a storage unit (not shown) (step S13). This adaptation includes image processing such as correcting the contour and arrangement of the frame image for each distance zone (subzones LZk-2 to LZk + 1). After that, the main control unit 90 synthesizes the display data adapted in step S13 with the existing data (step S14). The display by the display zones DZ1 to DZn is performed in parallel although there is a time difference, and the display is performed so as to leave an afterimage for a short time. Therefore, when new objects OB1, OB2, and OB3 appear, they already exist. This is because it is necessary to reorganize the display contents so that the object of and the new object coexist. Finally, the main control unit 90 outputs the display data obtained in step S14 to the display control unit 18 in synchronization with the operation of the rotation drive unit 64, and outputs the display data (display element) 11 to the functional area of the rotating body 16a. The display operation according to the FA is performed (step S15). At this time, the display control unit 18 operates the device drive unit 14 according to the viewpoint position obtained from the main control unit 90, moves the display device 11 in two directions perpendicular to the optical axis AX, and displays the display device 11. It is corrected by image processing such as shifting the content so that the projected image (virtual image) IM is suitable for the viewpoint of the driver (observer) VD. Further, the display control unit 18 uses the device drive unit 14 to move the position of the display device 11 in the optical axis AX direction so as to match the position of the functional region FA or the intermediate image TI, and the focus drive unit 15c. Is used to properly maintain the focus state of the imaging optical system 15.

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the display device (display element) 11. In this case, the first display area to the nth display area arranged in the vertical direction correspond to the first to nth display zones DZ1 to DZn shown in FIG. 7 and the like. In one cycle corresponding to one rotation of the rotating body 16a (or the three-dimensional shape portion 116), the first on the display surface 11a of the display device (display element) 11 corresponding to the first to nth display zones DZ1 to DZn. The display in the display area to the nth display area is repeated. In each display area, the signals F1 to F4 mean that the same display image is repeated in four subzones, and each of the signals F1 to F4 includes signal components of R, G, and B for color display. ing. The signals F1 to F4 have a time width corresponding to the display time of the projected image IM.

According to the head-up display device 200 or the image display device 100 of the first embodiment described above, the device drive unit 14 sets the display device 11 in a predetermined direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX direction and the optical axis AX direction. Since it is moved, it is possible to change the projection position of the virtual image by the display device 11 and the display optical system 30, or even if the projection position of the projection image (virtual image) IM is changed by the display optical system 30, the projection image (virtual image) is changed. ) It becomes easy to maintain the image quality of IM. Further, by configuring the display device 11 such as DMD or LCOS to be small and lightweight, the display device 11 can be moved or driven at high speed. For example, the display device 11 can be moved at high speed in the optical axis AX direction. Is possible. This allows the observer to observe the 3D virtual image display. For example, when considering superimposing a virtual image on a target person or object such as a pedestrian or an oncoming vehicle in front, 3D display is performed while displaying the desired display at a plurality of distances of the target object at almost the same time. It becomes possible to show it, and it becomes possible to call the observer's attention more naturally and surely.

[Second Embodiment]
Hereinafter, the display device according to the second embodiment will be described. The display device of the second embodiment is a modification of the display device of the first embodiment, and items not particularly described are the same as those of the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 13, an intermediate screen 19 is arranged at the projection position or the image formation position of the imaging optical system 15. The intermediate screen 19 is an optical element formed along a flat surface and moving in the optical axis AX direction. The intermediate screen 19 is a diffuser whose light distribution angle is controlled to a desired angle, and for example, frosted glass, a lens diffuser, a microlens array, or the like is used. In this case, the effective area of the intermediate screen 19 becomes the functional area of the intermediate screen 19.

The main control unit 90 and the display control unit 18 as control units periodically shift the position of the intermediate screen 19 via the reciprocating drive unit 264, which is a screen drive unit, to position the intermediate image TI in FIG. As shown in the above, the image formed on the display device 11 is determined to correspond to the projection distance while periodically reciprocating to change the projection distance. Specifically, the projection distance is periodically changed by reciprocating the intermediate screen 19 in the optical axis AX direction by the guide unit 264a and the actuator 264b constituting the reciprocating drive unit 264.

When the position of the intermediate image TI is set to the time-dependent pattern PA of the triangular waveform shown in FIG. 14, or when it is not shown but is periodically reciprocated by, for example, a sine curve, the display zones DZ1 to DZn shown in FIG. After changing so as to sequentially switch from a long distance to a long distance, changing the display zones DZ1 to DZn so as to sequentially switch from a long distance to a short distance is set as one cycle, and the same cycle is repeated. When the position of the intermediate image TI is periodically reciprocated by a sine curve, the display zones DZ1 to DZn are different from those shown in FIG. 7, and the display time is also adjusted accordingly.

[Other]
Although the head-up display device 200 as a specific embodiment has been described above, the display device according to the present invention is not limited to the above. For example, of the device drive units 14, only the first drive unit 14a is used, and the second and third drive units 14b and 14c can be omitted. In this case, the display device 11 is moved only in the optical axis AX direction. Further, only the second and third drive units 14b and 14c of the device drive units 14 are used, and the first drive unit 14a can be omitted. In this case, the display device 11 is moved in the X direction or the Z direction in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis AX. Further, in this case, if only the second drive unit 14b is provided among the second and third drive units 14b and 14c and the third drive unit 14c is omitted, the display device 11 is illuminated according to the viewpoint position of the driver VD. It can be moved in the X direction or lateral direction perpendicular to the axis AX.

Further, in the first embodiment, the arrangement of the image display device 100 can be turned upside down so that the display screen 20 can be arranged at the upper part of the front window 8 or at the sun visor position. In this case, the projection unit 10 is obliquely downward and forward. The display screen 20 is arranged in. Further, the display screen 20 may be arranged at a position corresponding to a conventional mirror of an automobile.

In the above, the intermediate screen 19 or the functional area FA is arranged so as to be substantially orthogonal to the optical axis AX direction of the main body optical system 13, but the functional area FA can be forcibly tilted with respect to the optical axis AX. .. In this case, the projection image IM having no inclination or having a predetermined inclination can be projected by the combination with the virtual image forming optical system 17.

The first to nth display zones DZ1 to DZn described above do not have to be continuous over the entire projection distance, and are separated at a portion corresponding to the boundary of the distance zone (subzones LZ1 to LZn). It may be discontinuous. Further, the display zones DZ1 to DZn are not limited to those including the same number of subzones, and different numbers of subzones can be included in each of the display zones DZ1 to DZn.

In the first embodiment, one intermediate screen 19 is provided in the diffusion unit 16, but two or more intermediate screens 19 may be provided. In this case, the intermediate screen 19 is divided into ranges corresponding to the spiral 1/2 pitch, 1/3 pitch, and the like.

The three-dimensional shape portion 116 of the intermediate screen 19 does not have to have a spiral shape over the entire circumference, and has a shape in which a part of the entire circumference is spiral or a rotating body structure capable of reciprocating motion without steps. Is also possible.

In the diffusion portion 16, the hollow frame body 16b is not essential, and only the rotating body 16a can be used. Also in this case, since the inclined connecting surface 16k is formed on the stepped portion 16j, it is possible to suppress the generation of sound accompanying the rotation of the rotating body 16a and stabilize the rotation of the rotating body 16a.

In the above embodiment, the outline of the display screen 20 is not limited to a rectangle, and may have various shapes.

The imaging optical system 15 and the virtual image forming optical system 17 shown in FIG. 2 are merely examples, and the optical configurations of the imaging optical system 15 and the virtual image forming optical system 17 can be appropriately changed.

In the above, the environment monitoring unit 72 detects the object OB existing in front of the vehicle body 2, and the image display device 100 displays related information images such as frame frames HW1, HW2, and HW3 corresponding to the arrangement of the object OB. , Regardless of the presence or absence of the object OB, incidental driving-related information can be acquired by using the communication network, and such driving-related information can be displayed on the image display device 100. For example, it is possible to display a warning such as a car or an obstacle existing in a blind spot.

In the above, the virtual image is projected through the intermediate screen 19, but the image formed on the display device 11 can be directly projected without using the intermediate screen 19.

The display device of the present invention is not limited to a head-up display device (HUD) mounted on a vehicle or other moving body, and can be applied to a head-mounted device, a wearable display device, or the like that performs three-dimensional display.

Claims (9)

A display device having a reflective display element, which is DMD or LCOS, and forming a display image,
A display optical system that projects the display image formed by the display device to form a virtual image,
A display including a device drive unit that moves the display device in at least one of an optical axis direction and a predetermined direction in a plane perpendicular to the optical axis direction when the projection position of the virtual image by the display optical system is changed. apparatus. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the device drive unit is an actuator using a piezo element. A viewpoint detection unit that detects the viewpoint position of the observer,
One of claims 1 and 2, further comprising a control unit that moves the display device in the predetermined direction by operating the device drive unit according to the viewpoint position obtained by the viewpoint detection unit. The display device described in. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the control unit causes the display device to display an image synchronized with the movement of the display device in the predetermined direction by the device drive unit. The display optical system includes a first projection optical system that projects image light from the display device to form an intermediate image, and a second projection optical system that magnifies and projects the intermediate image formed by the first projection optical system. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which has a system. The display device according to claim 5, wherein an intermediate screen having a diffusing action is provided at the position of the intermediate image. The display device according to claim 6, further comprising a screen drive unit for moving the intermediate screen in the optical axis direction. The display device according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the drive range of the display device by the device drive unit in the optical axis direction is within the range of the depth of focus of the display optical system. The drive of the display device in the optical axis direction by the device drive unit and the drive of the intermediate screen for forming the intermediate image are synchronized, and the positional relationship between the two is optically changed during the drive. The display device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, which is controlled so as to be conjugate or within the range of the depth of focus of the display optical system.

Images