JPWO2018070461A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2018070461A1 JPWO2018070461A1 JP2017554550A JP2017554550A JPWO2018070461A1 JP WO2018070461 A1 JPWO2018070461 A1 JP WO2018070461A1 JP 2017554550 A JP2017554550 A JP 2017554550A JP 2017554550 A JP2017554550 A JP 2017554550A JP WO2018070461 A1 JPWO2018070461 A1 JP WO2018070461A1
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- layer
- laminated glass
- intermediate film
- interlayer
- thickness
- Prior art date
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Abstract
Description
中間膜(各層)は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(0)と記載することがある)を含む。中間膜(各層)は、熱可塑性樹脂(0)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(0)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含み、熱可塑性樹脂(1)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(1)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含み、熱可塑性樹脂(2)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(2)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、熱可塑性樹脂(以下、熱可塑性樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましく、熱可塑性樹脂(3)として、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(以下、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。
中間膜の接着力をより一層高める観点から、本発明に係る中間膜は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(0)と記載することがある)を含む。上記第1の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(1)と記載することがある)を含む。上記第2の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(2)と記載することがある)を含む。上記第3の層は、可塑剤(以下、可塑剤(3)と記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。中間膜に含まれている熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である場合に、中間膜(各層)は、可塑剤を含むことが特に好ましい。ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む層は、可塑剤を含むことが好ましい。
上記中間膜は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、遮熱性化合物を含むことが好ましい。上記遮熱性化合物は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、フタロシアニン化合物、ナフタロシアニン化合物又はアントラシアニン化合物(以下、フタロシアニン化合物、ナフタロシアニン化合物及びアントラシアニン化合物を成分Xと呼ぶことがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記成分Xを含むことが好ましい。上記成分Xは遮熱性化合物である。上記成分Xは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記遮熱粒子を含むことが好ましい。上記遮熱粒子は遮熱性化合物である。遮熱粒子の使用により、赤外線(熱線)を効果的に遮断できる。上記遮熱粒子は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩、又はマグネシウム塩(以下、これらを金属塩Mと記載することがある)を含むことが好ましい。上記金属塩Mに由来して、上記中間膜は、アルカリ金属を含むことが好ましい。上記金属塩Mに由来して、上記中間膜は、アルカリ土類金属を含むことが好ましい。上記金属塩Mに由来して、上記中間膜は、マグネシウムを含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、上記金属塩Mを含むことが好ましい。上記金属塩Mの使用により、中間膜とガラス板などの合わせガラス部材との接着性又は中間膜における各層間の接着性を制御することが容易になる。上記金属塩Mは、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、紫外線遮蔽剤を含むことが好ましい。紫外線遮蔽剤の使用により、中間膜及び合わせガラスが長期間使用されても、可視光線透過率がより一層低下し難くなる。上記紫外線遮蔽剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
B−CAP、Hostavin PR−25、Hostavin PR−31(いずれもクラリアント社製)が挙げられる。
上記中間膜は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第1の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第2の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記第3の層は、酸化防止剤を含むことが好ましい。上記酸化防止剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
上記中間膜、上記第1の層、上記第2の層及び上記第3の層はそれぞれ、必要に応じて、カップリング剤、分散剤、界面活性剤、難燃剤、帯電防止剤、顔料、染料、金属塩以外の接着力調整剤、耐湿剤、蛍光増白剤及び赤外線吸収剤等の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。これらの添加剤は、1種のみが用いられてもよく、2種以上が併用されてもよい。
図3は、図1に示す合わせガラス用中間膜を用いた合わせガラスの一例を示す断面図である。
PVB(1)(ポリビニルアセタール樹脂、平均重合度1700、水酸基の含有率30.5モル%、アセチル化度1モル%、アセタール化度68.5モル%)
3GO(トリエチレングリコールジ−2−エチルヘキサノエート)
Tinuvin326(2−(2’−ヒドロキシ−3’−t−ブチル−5−メチルフェニル)−5−クロロベンゾトリアゾール、BASF社製)
BHT(2,6−ジ−t−ブチル−p−クレゾール)
ITO(ITO粒子、錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子)
CWO(CWO粒子、セシウムドープ酸化タングステン(Cs0.33WO3)粒子)
第1の層を形成するための組成物の作製:
PVB(2)100重量部に対して、3GOを60重量部と、Tinuvin326を0.2重量部と、BHTを0.2重量部とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第1の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
PVB(1)100重量部に対して、3GOを38重量部と、Tinuvin326を0.2重量部と、BHTを0.2重量部とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
第1の層を形成するための組成物と、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物とを、共押出機を用いて共押出した。第2の層/第1の層/第3の層の積層構造を有する楔状の中間膜を作製した。得られた中間膜は、一端に最小厚みを有し、他端に最大厚みを有し、厚み均一部位を有していなかった。得られた中間膜において、一端と他端との距離Xは約1mであった。中間膜の平均厚みをTとしたとき、第1の層の平均厚みは0.12T、第2の層の平均厚みと上記第3の層の平均厚みとの合計は0.88Tであった。第2の層の平均厚みと第3の層の平均厚みとは同じであった。
楔角及び厚みをそれぞれ、下記の表1に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、楔状の多層の中間膜を作製した。
第1の層を形成するための組成物の作製:
PVB(2)100重量部に対して、3GOを60重量部と、Tinuvin326を0.2重量部と、BHTを0.2重量部とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第1の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
PVB(1)100重量部に対して、3GOを38重量部と、ITOを得られる第2,3の層中で0.162重量%となる量と、Tinuvin326を0.2重量部と、BHTを0.2重量部とを添加し、ミキシングロールで充分に混練し、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物を得た。
第1の層を形成するための組成物と、第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物とを、共押出機を用いて共押出した。第2の層/第1の層/第3の層の積層構造を有する楔状の中間膜を作製した。得られた中間膜は、一端に最小厚みを有し、他端に最大厚みを有し、厚み均一部位を有していなかった。得られた中間膜において、一端と他端との距離Xは約1mであった。中間膜の平均厚みをTとしたとき、第1の層の平均厚みは0.12T、第2の層の平均厚みと上記第3の層の平均厚みとの合計は0.88Tであった。第2の層の平均厚みと第3の層の平均厚みとは同じであった。
第1の層のポリビニルアセタール樹脂の種類、遮熱性化合物の種類と含有量、楔角及び厚みをそれぞれ、下記の表2に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例8と同様にして、楔状の多層の中間膜を作製した。
実施例8と同様の第1の層を形成するための組成物と、実施例8と同様の第2の層及び第3の層を形成するための組成物とを用意した。これらの組成物を共押出機を用いて共押出した。第2の層/第1の層/第3の層の積層構造を有する楔状の中間膜を作製した。得られた中間膜は、一端に最小厚みを有し、他端に最大厚みを有していた。得られた中間膜は、他端から一端に向けて100mmの距離まで、厚みが一定である厚み均一部位を有しており、厚み均一部位の長さは100mmであった。得られた中間膜において、一端と他端との距離Xは約1mであった。中間膜の平均厚みをTとしたとき、第1の層の平均厚みは0.12T、第2の層の平均厚みと上記第3の層の平均厚みとの合計は0.88Tであった。第2の層の平均厚みと第3の層の平均厚みとは同じであった。
第1の層のポリビニルアセタール樹脂の種類、遮熱性化合物の種類と含有量、厚み均一部位の長さ、楔角及び厚みを下記の表3に示すように設定したこと以外は実施例16と同様にして、楔状の多層の中間膜を作製した。
(1)二重像
一対のガラス板(クリアガラス、510mm×中間膜の一端から他端の距離Xmmの大きさ、厚み2.0mm)を用意した。一対のガラス板の間に、ガラス板の大きさに対応する大きさの中間膜を挟み込んで、積層体を得た。得られた積層体を、EPDM製ゴムチューブ(枠部材)にはめ込んだ。ゴムチューブの幅は15mmである。次に、EPDM製ゴムチューブにはめ込まれた積層体を真空バッグ法により、予備圧着した。予備圧着された積層体を、オートクレーブを用いて、150℃及び1.2MPaの圧力で圧着することにより、合わせガラスを得た。
○:二重像が確認されない
×:二重像が確認される
上記(1)二重像の評価で得られた合わせガラスガラスに対して、超高圧水銀灯をガラスから1.5mの距離に設置し、ガラス平面に水平な面に対してガラスの下方15度の角度であてた。このとき、ライン状又はドット状の外観むら(distortion)がみられるか否かを評価した。
○○:ライン状又はドット状の外観むらが全く見られない
○:ライン状又はドット状の外観むらがごくわずかにみられるが、実使用上全く気にならない程度
×:ライン状又はドット状の外観むらがみられ、実使用上気になる程度
2,2A…第2の層
3,3A…第3の層
11,11A…中間膜
11a…一端
11b…他端
11Aa…厚み方向の断面形状が矩形である部分
11Ab…厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である部分
21…合わせガラス
22…第1の合わせガラス部材
23…第2の合わせガラス部材
R1…表示対応領域
R2…周辺領域
R3…シェード領域
Claims (13)
- 合わせガラスに用いられる中間膜であって、
熱可塑性樹脂と可塑剤とを含む第1の層と、
熱可塑性樹脂と可塑剤とを含む第2の層とを備え、
前記第2の層は、前記第1の層の第1の表面側に配置されており、
一端と、前記一端の反対側に他端とを有し、前記他端の厚みが、前記一端の厚みよりも大きく、前記第1の層の最小厚みが20μm以上であり、
楔角が0.1mrad以上であり、
前記一端における前記第1の層の厚みの前記一端における前記中間膜の厚みに対する比を比Aとし、前記他端における前記第1の層の厚みの前記他端における前記中間膜の厚みに対する比を比Bとしたときに、楔角が0.1mrad以上、0.5mrad以下である場合は、前記比Bが前記比Aの1.1倍以上、1.7倍以下であり、楔角が0.5mradを超える場合は、前記比Bが前記比Aの0.8倍以上、1.1倍以下であり、
前記第1の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対する前記第1の層中の前記可塑剤の含有量が、前記第2の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対する前記第2の層中の前記可塑剤の含有量よりも多い、合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 楔角が0.5mrad以下である、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 楔角が0.47mrad以下である、請求項2に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 楔角が0.5mradを超える、請求項1に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記第2の層の最小厚みが270μm以上である、請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 厚み方向の断面形状が楔状である部分を有する、請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 前記第1の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂であり、
前記第2の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂である、請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記第1の層中の前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の水酸基の含有率が、前記第2の層中の前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の水酸基の含有率よりも低い、請求項7に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 熱可塑性樹脂を含む第3の層を備え、
前記第3の層は、前記第1の層の前記第1の表面側とは反対の第2の表面側に配置されている、請求項1〜8のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記第1の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂であり、
前記第3の層中の前記熱可塑性樹脂が、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂であり、
前記第3の層が、可塑剤を含み、
前記第1の層中の前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の水酸基の含有率が、前記第3の層中の前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂の水酸基の含有率よりも低く、
前記第1の層中の前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100重量部に対する前記第1の層中の前記可塑剤の含有量が、前記第3の層中の前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂100重量部に対する前記第3の層中の前記可塑剤の含有量よりも多い、請求項9に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。 - 前記第2,第3の層の合計の最小厚みが540μm以上である、請求項9又は10に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- ヘッドアップディスプレイである合わせガラスに用いられる中間膜である、請求項1〜11のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 第1の合わせガラス部材と、
第2の合わせガラス部材と、
請求項1〜12のいずれか1項に記載の合わせガラス用中間膜とを備え、
前記第1の合わせガラス部材と前記第2の合わせガラス部材との間に、前記合わせガラス用中間膜が配置されている、合わせガラス。
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JP2007223883A (ja) * | 2005-12-26 | 2007-09-06 | Asahi Glass Co Ltd | 車両用合せガラス |
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