JPWO2015121997A1 - Lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of this invention is to provide the lithium ion battery which can suppress internal short circuit failure and can aim at a reliability improvement, without affecting battery performance. The present invention suppresses internal short-circuit defects in the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a separator that insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an electrolytic solution in which a charge / discharge reaction is performed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution. A lithium ion battery comprising 0.0001 wt% to 0.001 wt% of an internal short circuit preventing agent is provided.

Description

  The present invention relates to a lithium ion battery.

  As background art in this technical field, there are JP-A-2007-59201 (Patent Document 1) and JP-A-2001-273927 (Patent Document 2). Patent Document 1 describes an example of providing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which battery performance does not deteriorate even when metal foreign matter is mixed by using an electrolytic solution to which an amide compound having a specific structure is added. ing.

  Patent Document 2 discloses that at least one of a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is organic and / or inorganic Cu corrosion inhibitor, or organic and / or inorganic. By adding an inhibitor that is a Cu trapping agent, the corrosion of the copper foil used as the negative electrode current collector is suppressed, the inhibition of the battery reaction is suppressed, and a lithium secondary battery having excellent self-discharge characteristics and cycle characteristics is obtained. Examples to provide are described.

JP 2007-59201 A JP 2001-273927 A

  As a method for enabling initial charge / discharge even when a metallic foreign object is mixed, Patent Document 1 discloses a method using an electrolytic solution in which an amide compound having a specific structure is added in a range of 0.01 wt% to 2 wt%. Have been described. However, in the method of Patent Document 1, an amide compound having a specific structure may cause a side reaction due to an oxidation-reduction reaction in the positive electrode or the negative electrode, which may deteriorate battery performance.

  Moreover, as a method for suppressing the corrosion of the copper foil used as the negative electrode current collector, Patent Document 2 discloses an organic and / or inorganic Cu corrosion inhibitor, or an organic and / or inorganic Cu. A method of adding 0.01 wt% to 10 wt% of an inhibitor which is a trapping agent is described. However, when the inorganic corrosion inhibitor is used in the addition method of Patent Document 2, since the solubility in the non-aqueous electrolyte is small, the undissolved fine powder is suspended and dispersed in the non-aqueous electrolyte. The separator hole at the interface between the separator and the negative electrode / separator may be blocked, and the movement of Li ions may be hindered. Thereby, internal resistance may increase.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium ion battery that can suppress internal short circuit failure without affecting battery performance and can improve reliability.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a positive electrode and a negative electrode, a separator that insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, an electrolytic solution in which a charge / discharge reaction is performed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and the electrolytic solution Further, the present invention provides a lithium ion battery characterized in that it contains 0.0001 wt% to 0.001 wt% of an internal short circuit preventing agent that suppresses internal short circuit defects.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a lithium ion battery capable of suppressing internal short circuit failure and improving reliability without affecting battery performance.

It is a figure which shows the typical structure of a lithium ion battery. It is sectional drawing which shows the internal structure of a cylindrical lithium ion battery. It is a figure which shows the component of the previous step which comprises an electrode winding body. It is a schematic diagram which shows a mode that a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and a separator are wound around an axial center, and an electrode winding body is formed. It is a graph which shows the electric current which flows into a lithium ion battery at the time of constant voltage charge when the internal short circuit does not generate | occur | produce and when an internal short circuit generate | occur | produces. Current flowing in the lithium ion battery when no internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution and when 0.00001 wt% to 0.001 wt% of sodium nitrite as an internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution It is a graph which shows a value. It is a graph which shows the battery capacity at the time of not adding the internal short circuit prevention agent to electrolyte solution, and 0.001 weight% of sodium nitrite which is an internal short circuit prevention agent added to electrolyte solution.

  In the following embodiments, when it is necessary for the sake of convenience, the description will be divided into a plurality of sections or embodiments. However, unless otherwise specified, they are not irrelevant to each other. There are some or all of the modifications, details, supplementary explanations, and the like.

  Further, in the following embodiments, when referring to the number of elements (including the number, numerical value, quantity, range, etc.), especially when clearly indicated and when clearly limited to a specific number in principle, etc. Except, it is not limited to the specific number, and may be more or less than the specific number.

  Further, in the following embodiments, the constituent elements (including element steps and the like) are not necessarily indispensable unless otherwise specified and apparently essential in principle. Needless to say.

  Similarly, in the following embodiments, when referring to the shape, positional relationship, etc., of components, etc., unless otherwise specified, and in principle, it is considered that this is not clearly the case, it is substantially the same. Including those that are approximate or similar to the shape. The same applies to the above numerical values and ranges.

  In all the drawings for explaining the embodiments, the same members are denoted by the same reference symbols in principle, and the repeated explanation thereof is omitted. In order to make the drawings easy to understand, even a plan view may be hatched.

(Embodiment)
<Schematic configuration of lithium-ion battery>
Below, the schematic structure of a lithium ion battery is demonstrated, referring drawings. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a lithium ion battery. In FIG. 1, the lithium ion battery has an outer can CS whose main material is, for example, iron (Fe) or stainless steel, and an electrolyte EL is filled in the outer can CS. In the outer can CS filled with the electrolyte EL, the positive electrode plate PEP and the negative electrode plate NEP are provided to face each other, and the separator SP is provided between the positive electrode plate PEP and the negative electrode plate NEP provided to face each other. Has been placed.

  A positive electrode active material is applied to the positive electrode plate PEP, and a negative electrode active material is applied to the negative electrode plate NEP. For example, the positive electrode active material is formed of a lithium-containing transition metal oxide capable of inserting / extracting lithium ions. Examples of the positive electrode active material include lithium-containing transition metal oxides. Examples of typical positive electrode active materials include, but are not limited to, lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, and lithium manganate. Specifically, the positive electrode active material is a material capable of inserting / extracting lithium, and may be any lithium-containing transition metal oxide in which a sufficient amount of lithium has been previously inserted, and manganese (Mn) as a transition metal , Nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) or the like, or a material mainly composed of two or more transition metals. Further, the crystal structure such as the spinel crystal structure and the layered crystal structure is not particularly limited as long as the above-described sites and channels are ensured. Further, a material in which a part of the transition metal or lithium in the crystal is replaced with an element such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Al, Mg, or an element such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cr, Al, Mg in the crystal A material doped with may be used as the positive electrode active material. FIG. 1 schematically shows that the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is applied to the positive electrode plate PEP. That is, FIG. 1 shows a schematic crystal structure in which oxygen, metal atoms, and lithium are arranged as the lithium-containing transition metal oxide applied to the positive electrode plate PEP. This positive electrode plate PEP and the positive electrode active material constitute a positive electrode.

  On the other hand, for example, the negative electrode active material is formed of a carbon material capable of inserting and removing lithium ions. As the negative electrode active material, a crystalline carbon material or an amorphous carbon material can be used. However, the negative electrode active material is not limited to these materials. For example, natural graphite, various artificial graphite agents, carbon materials such as coke, and the like may be used. And also in the particle shape, various particle shapes such as a scale shape, a spherical shape, a fiber shape, and a lump shape are applicable.

  FIG. 1 schematically shows a state in which this carbon material is applied to the negative electrode plate NEP. That is, FIG. 1 shows a schematic crystal structure in which carbon is arranged as the carbon material applied to the negative electrode plate NEP. The negative electrode is composed of the negative electrode plate NEP and the negative electrode active material.

  The separator SP has a function as a spacer that allows lithium ions to pass through while insulating between the positive electrode and the negative electrode to prevent electrical contact. In recent years, a high-strength and thin microporous film has been used as the separator SP. This microporous membrane also has a function of preventing abnormal current due to a short circuit of the battery, rapid increase in internal pressure and temperature, and ignition. In other words, the current separator SP has a function as a thermal fuse for preventing a short circuit and overcharge in addition to a function of preventing electrical contact between the positive electrode and the negative electrode and allowing lithium ions to pass therethrough. become. The safety of the lithium ion battery can be maintained by the shutdown function of the microporous membrane. For example, when a lithium ion battery causes an external short circuit for some reason, there is a risk that a large current flows instantaneously but the temperature rises abnormally due to Joule heat. At this time, if a microporous membrane is used as the separator SP, the microporous membrane closes the pores (microporous) in the vicinity of the melting point of the membrane material, so that lithium ions can permeate between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Can be blocked. In other words, by using a microporous membrane as the separator SP, it is possible to cut off the current when the external short circuit occurs and stop the temperature rise inside the lithium ion battery. As separator SP comprised from this microporous film | membrane, it is comprised from the combination of these materials, such as polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), as a prior art, for example.

A nonaqueous electrolytic solution is used as the electrolytic solution EL in which a charge / discharge reaction is performed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The lithium ion battery is a battery that performs charging / discharging by using insertion / extraction of lithium ions in an active material, and lithium ions move in the electrolyte EL. Lithium is a strong reducing agent and reacts violently with water to generate hydrogen gas. Therefore, in a lithium ion battery in which lithium ions move in the electrolytic solution EL, an aqueous solution cannot be used as the electrolytic solution EL unlike a conventional battery. For this reason, in the lithium ion battery, a non-aqueous electrolyte is used as the electrolyte EL. Specifically, as _the electrolyte of the nonaqueous _{electrolyte, LiPF 6, LiClO 4, LiAsF} 6, LiBF 4, LiB (C 6 H 5) 4, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li , etc., and mixtures thereof Can be used. Examples of the organic solvent include ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, γ-butyrolactone, tetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl- 1,3 dioxolane, diethyl ether, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, acetonitrile, propionitrile, etc., or a mixture thereof can be used.

<Mechanism of charge / discharge>
The lithium ion battery is configured as described above, and the charging / discharging mechanism will be described below. First, the charging mechanism will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, when charging a lithium ion battery, a charger CU is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. In this case, in the lithium ion battery, lithium ions inserted in the positive electrode active material are desorbed and released into the electrolyte EL. At this time, the lithium ions are desorbed from the positive electrode active material, whereby electrons flow from the positive electrode to the charger. The lithium ions released into the electrolytic solution EL move through the electrolytic solution EL, pass through the separator SP made of a microporous film, and reach the negative electrode. The lithium ions that have reached the negative electrode are inserted into the negative electrode active material constituting the negative electrode. At this time, when lithium ions are inserted into the negative electrode active material, electrons flow into the negative electrode. In this way, charging is completed as electrons move from the positive electrode to the negative electrode via the charger CU.

  Next, the discharge mechanism will be described. As shown in FIG. 1, an external load is connected between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Then, lithium ions inserted in the negative electrode active material are desorbed and released into the electrolyte EL. At this time, electrons are emitted from the negative electrode. The lithium ions released into the electrolytic solution EL move through the electrolytic solution EL, pass through the separator SP made of a microporous film, and reach the positive electrode. The lithium ions reaching the positive electrode are inserted into the positive electrode active material constituting the positive electrode. At this time, when lithium ions are inserted into the positive electrode active material, electrons flow into the positive electrode. In this way, discharge is performed by the movement of electrons from the negative electrode to the positive electrode. In other words, a current can flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode to drive the load. As described above, in a lithium ion battery, charging / discharging can be performed by inserting / extracting lithium ions between the positive electrode active material and the negative electrode active material.

<Configuration of lithium ion battery>
Next, a configuration example of an actual lithium ion battery LIB will be described. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the internal structure of a cylindrical lithium ion battery LIB. As shown in FIG. 2, an electrode winding body WRF including a positive electrode PEL, separators SP1 and SP2, and a negative electrode NEL is formed inside a cylindrical outer can CS having a bottom. Specifically, the electrode winding body WRF is stacked so as to sandwich the separator SP1 (SP2) between the positive electrode PEL and the negative electrode NEL, and is wound around the axis CR in the center of the outer can CS. . The negative electrode NEL is electrically connected to the negative electrode lead plate NT provided at the bottom of the outer can CS, and the positive electrode PEL is electrically connected to the positive electrode lead plate PT provided at the upper portion of the outer can CS. Has been. An electrolyte is injected into the electrode winding body formed inside the outer can CS. The outer can CS is sealed with a battery lid CAP.

  The positive electrode PEL is formed by applying a coating liquid containing a positive electrode active material PAS and a binder (binder) to a positive electrode plate (positive electrode current collector) PEP, drying it, and then pressurizing it. A plurality of rectangular positive electrode current collecting tabs PTAB are formed at the upper end portion of the positive electrode PEL, and the plurality of positive electrode current collecting tabs PTAB are connected to the positive electrode current collecting ring PR. The positive electrode current collection ring PR is electrically connected to the positive electrode lead plate PT. Therefore, the positive electrode PEL is electrically connected to the positive electrode lead plate PT via the positive electrode current collecting tab PTAB and the positive electrode current collecting ring PR. The plurality of positive electrode current collecting tabs PTAB are provided in order to reduce the resistance of the positive electrode PEL and to quickly extract current.

  As the positive electrode active material PAS constituting the positive electrode PEL, for example, the above-described materials represented by lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium manganate and the like can be used. As the binder, for example, polyvinyl fluoride, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like can be used. Furthermore, for the positive electrode plate, for example, a metal foil or a net-like metal made of a conductive metal such as aluminum is used.

  The negative electrode NEL is formed by applying a coating liquid containing the negative electrode active material NAS and a binder (binder) to the negative electrode plate (negative electrode current collector) NEP and drying it, followed by pressurization. A plurality of rectangular negative electrode current collecting tabs NTAB are formed at the lower end of the negative electrode NEL, and the plurality of negative electrode current collecting tabs NTAB are connected to the negative electrode current collecting ring NR. And this negative electrode current collection ring NR is electrically connected with the negative electrode lead board NT. Therefore, the negative electrode NEL is electrically connected to the negative electrode lead plate NT via the negative electrode current collecting tab NTAB and the negative electrode current collecting ring NR.

  As the negative electrode active material NAS constituting the negative electrode NEL, for example, the above-described materials typified by a carbon material can be used. As the binder, for example, polyvinylidene fluoride, polytetrafluoroethylene, or the like can be used. Furthermore, for the negative electrode plate, for example, a metal foil made of a conductive metal such as copper or a mesh metal is used.

<Configuration of electrode winding body>
Next, a detailed configuration of the electrode winding body will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing components in a previous stage constituting the electrode winding body. In FIG. 3, the components constituting the electrode winding body are a positive electrode PEL, a separator SP1, a negative electrode NEL, and a separator SP2. At this time, the positive electrode PEL has a structure in which the positive electrode active material PAS is applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode plate PEP, and the negative electrode NEL has a structure in which the negative electrode active material NAS is applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode plate NEP. . A plurality of rectangular positive electrode current collecting tabs PTAB are formed on the upper side of the positive electrode PEL. Similarly, a plurality of rectangular negative electrode current collecting tabs NTAB are formed on the lower side of the negative electrode NEL.

  Specifically, the configuration of the electrode winding body WRF in the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing how the electrode wound body WRF is formed by winding the positive electrode PEL, the separator SP1, the negative electrode NEL, and the separator SP2 around the axis CR. As shown in FIG. 4, the positive electrode PEL, the separator SP1, the negative electrode NEL, and the separator SP2 are wound so that the separator SP1 is sandwiched between the positive electrode PEL and the negative electrode NEL and the negative electrode NEL is sandwiched between the separator SP1 and the separator SP2. Is done. At this time, the positive electrode current collecting tab PTAB formed on the positive electrode PEL is arranged on the upper side of the electrode winding body WRF, while the negative electrode current collecting tab (not shown) formed on the negative electrode NEL is wound on the electrode. Located on the lower side of the body WRF. The electrode winding body WRF is configured as described above.

<Features in Embodiment>
In the lithium ion battery configured as described above, the feature of the present embodiment is that an internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution EL. Thereby, according to the lithium ion battery in this Embodiment, even if a metal foreign material mixes, an internal short circuit can be prevented. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to further improve the reliability of the lithium ion battery in that there is no possibility of an internal short circuit due to the metal foreign matter.

  In addition, the internal short circuit preventing agent in the present embodiment is hardly soluble in an electrolytic solution EL (non-aqueous electrolytic solution) such as nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and chromate (internal short circuit prevention for the electrolytic solution). The agent has a solubility of 0.001% by weight (10 ppm) or less) and a substance that collects metal ions (coordinates with metal ions to form a complex). The addition concentration of the internal short circuit preventing agent is 0.0001 wt% (1 ppm) to 0.001 wt% (10 ppm). In addition, about the upper limit of the addition density | concentration of an internal short circuit inhibitor, it is preferable to set it as the solubility with respect to the electrolyte solution of an internal short circuit inhibitor.

  Here, for example, the reason why the lower limit value of the addition concentration of the internal short circuit preventing agent is 0.0001% by weight or more is that the function of suppressing the internal short circuit when the addition concentration of the internal short circuit preventing agent is less than 0.0001% by weight. It is because it becomes impossible to fully exhibit. That is, the reason why the internal short circuit is suppressed by adding the internal short circuit preventing agent even if the metal foreign object is mixed is that the metal ions eluted from the metal foreign object are collected by the internal short circuit preventing agent added to the electrolyte EL. It is thought to be done.

  Therefore, qualitatively, it is considered that when the concentration of the internal short-circuit preventing agent is extremely low, the effect of the internal short-circuit preventing agent is reduced, and metal ions eluted from the metal foreign matter cannot be collected. For this reason, in order to fully exhibit the function of preventing the internal short circuit, there is a lower limit value for the addition concentration of the internal short circuit preventing agent. For example, according to the experiment of the present inventors, the addition concentration of the internal short circuit preventing agent is 0. It is confirmed that an internal short circuit can be prevented even if metallic foreign matter is mixed if it is 0.0001% by weight or more.

  On the other hand, the reason why the upper limit of the concentration of the internal short-circuit preventing agent is 0.001% by weight or less (preferably below the solubility of the internal short-circuit preventing agent in the electrolytic solution) is that the solid particles constituting the internal short-circuit preventing agent are the electrolytic solution. This is because the concentration can exist without being suspended and dispersed in EL. That is, when the addition concentration of the internal short-circuit preventing agent is greater than 0.001% by weight, the internal short-circuit preventing agent has low solubility in the electrolytic solution EL, so that fine particles that remain undissolved are suspended in the electrolytic solution EL. This is because it becomes turbidly dispersed and closes the fine holes provided in the separator SP1 or the separator SP2. In this case, the movement of lithium ions between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is hindered, which increases the internal resistance of the lithium ion battery, leading to performance degradation.

  Therefore, in this Embodiment, the addition density | concentration of the internal short circuit preventing agent added to electrolyte solution EL shall be 0.0001 weight%-0.001 weight%.

  Moreover, in this Embodiment, the metal foreign material species which can prevent an internal short circuit with an internal short circuit prevention agent are the alloys which have transition metals, such as iron and nickel, and transition metals, such as stainless steel, as a main component.

<Experimental results in the embodiment>
An example of experimental results in the embodiment will be described.

First, a method for determining the occurrence of an internal short circuit will be described. Specifically, after charging the lithium ion battery to a predetermined voltage with a constant current (1C), constant voltage charging is performed, and the current flowing through the lithium ion battery during constant voltage charging is measured. (1C is a current value at which the battery capacity is discharged in 1 hour, and is expressed by the reciprocal of the discharge time. For example, 1C is obtained when discharging over 1 hour, and 2C when discharged over 0.5 hour. .) When there is no internal short circuit, the current during constant voltage charging is attenuated, and finally only a current of several μA / cm ² flows. On the other hand, when an internal short circuit occurs, a short circuit current flows because a conduction path is formed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Therefore, when compared with the current when no internal short circuit occurs, the current during constant voltage charging increases when the internal short circuit occurs. That is, it is possible to determine the occurrence of an internal short circuit from the value of the current flowing through the lithium ion battery during constant voltage charging.

Further, a method for determining the occurrence of an internal short circuit will be specifically described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a graph showing the current during constant voltage charging when no internal short circuit occurs and when an internal short circuit occurs. In FIG. 5, graph 1 shows the experimental results when no internal short circuit occurs. In this graph 1, it can be seen that the current decays and converges to a certain value. For example, the average value of the current in the charging time from 501 minutes to 600 minutes is 7.4 μA / cm ² . On the other hand, in FIG. 5, a graph 2 shows an experimental result in the case where one iron particle having a diameter of 100 μm is arranged between the positive electrode and the separator as a metal foreign substance and an internal short circuit is generated. In this graph 2, for example, the average value of the current during the charging time of 501 minutes to 600 minutes is 311.2 μA / cm ² . This is a short circuit current and indicates that an internal short circuit has occurred.

Thus, the occurrence of an internal short circuit can be determined from the value of the current flowing through the lithium ion battery during constant voltage charging. In this experiment, the average value of the current during the charging time of 501 to 600 minutes is 7.4 μA / When it was cm ² or more, it was determined that an internal short circuit occurred.

  Then, the experimental result when not adding an internal short circuit prevention agent to electrolyte solution and adding 0.00001 weight%-0.001 weight% of sodium nitrite which is an internal short circuit prevention agent is demonstrated.

In this experiment, a positive electrode composed of an active material (lithium transition metal composite oxide: LiNi _1/3 Mn _1/3 Co _1/3 O ₂ ), a conductive additive (acetylene black), a binder (polyvinylidene fluoride), carbon Negative electrode made of powder, conductive additive (graphite), binder (polyvinylidene fluoride), separator made of porous polypropylene with a thickness of 20 μm, organic solvent (ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate), electrolytic salt (hexa A lithium ion battery was manufactured using an electrolytic solution made of lithium fluorophosphate. At this time, one iron particle having a diameter of 100 μm was disposed as a metal foreign matter between the positive electrode and the separator. The electrolyte was prepared with no internal short circuit inhibitor added and with 0.00001 wt% to 0.001 wt% sodium nitrite as an internal short circuit preventer added.

  The prepared lithium ion battery was charged with a constant current (1C) to a predetermined voltage, and then charged with a constant voltage. The occurrence of an internal short circuit was determined from the value of the current flowing through the lithium ion battery during this constant voltage charge.

  FIG. 6 is a graph showing experimental results when no internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution and when 0.00001 wt% to 0.001 wt% of sodium nitrite, which is an internal short-circuit preventing agent, is added.

In FIG. 6, graph 1 shows the experimental results when no internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution. In this graph 1, the current is 311.2 μA / cm ² , which indicates that a short-circuit current has flowed, that is, an internal short circuit has occurred. From this, it can be seen that when the internal short-circuit preventing agent is not added to the electrolytic solution, an internal short-circuit occurs due to the iron particles disposed between the positive electrode and the separator.

In FIG. 6, graph 2 shows the experimental results when 0.001% by weight of sodium nitrite which is an internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution. In this graph 2, the current is 2.8 μA / cm ² , and no short circuit current flows, that is, the occurrence of an internal short circuit is prevented. In addition, after the experiment, the lithium ion battery used in the experiment was disassembled, and it was confirmed that all iron particles having a diameter of 100 μm arranged as a metal foreign object were dissolved between the positive electrode and the separator. Since all the metallic foreign matters that cause the internal short circuit are dissolved, it indicates that the internal short circuit does not occur even if time passes. From this, it can be seen that when 0.001% by weight of sodium nitrite, which is an internal short circuit preventing agent, is added to the electrolytic solution, an effect of preventing internal short circuit is obtained.

In FIG. 6, graph 3 shows the experimental results when 0.0001 wt% of sodium nitrite, which is an internal short-circuit preventing agent, is added to the electrolytic solution. This graph 3 shows that the current is 5.6 μA / cm ² and no short-circuit current flows, that is, the occurrence of an internal short circuit is prevented. In addition, after the experiment, the lithium ion battery used in the experiment was disassembled, and it was confirmed that all iron particles having a diameter of 100 μm arranged as a metal foreign object were dissolved between the positive electrode and the separator. Since all the metallic foreign matters that cause the internal short circuit are dissolved, it indicates that the internal short circuit does not occur even if time passes. From this, it can be seen that when 0.0001% by weight of sodium nitrite which is an internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution, an effect of preventing the internal short-circuit can be obtained.

In FIG. 6, graph 4 shows the experimental results when 0.00001% by weight of sodium nitrite, which is an internal short-circuit preventing agent, is added to the electrolytic solution. In this graph 4, the current is 22.3 μA / cm ² , which indicates that a short-circuit current has flowed, that is, an internal short circuit has occurred. From this, it can be seen that when 0.00001% by weight of sodium nitrite, which is an internal short circuit preventing agent, is added to the electrolytic solution, the occurrence of internal short circuit is not prevented.

  From the above experimental results, it can be seen that when 0.0001 wt% to 0.001 wt% of sodium nitrite, which is an internal short circuit preventing agent, is added to the electrolyte, an effect of preventing internal short circuit can be obtained.

  In addition, in this experiment, although the example which uses sodium nitrite as an example of an internal short circuit preventing agent was demonstrated, as an internal short circuit preventing agent, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and chromate were included. Also when comprised, an internal short circuit can be prevented.

  Next, the results of measuring the battery capacity when no internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution and when 0.001% by weight of sodium nitrite as an internal short-circuit preventing agent is added will be described.

In this experiment, a positive electrode composed of an active material (lithium transition metal composite oxide: LiNi _1/3 Mn _1/3 Co _1/3 O ₂ ), a conductive additive (acetylene black), a binder (polyvinylidene fluoride), carbon Negative electrode made of powder, conductive additive (graphite), binder (polyvinylidene fluoride), separator made of porous polypropylene with a thickness of 20 μm, organic solvent (ethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate), electrolytic salt (hexa A lithium ion battery was manufactured using an electrolytic solution made of lithium fluorophosphate. The electrolyte was prepared with no internal short-circuit preventing agent added and with 0.001% by weight of sodium nitrite as an internal short-circuit preventing agent added.

  FIG. 7 is a graph showing the discharge characteristics of the battery capacity when no internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution and when 0.001 wt% of sodium nitrite, which is the internal short-circuit preventing agent, is added. In FIG. 7, the discharge capacity is shown as a relative value, assuming that the capacity at 0.2 C discharge when the internal short-circuit preventing agent is not added to the electrolytic solution is 1.

  In FIG. 7, graph 1 shows the experimental results when no internal short-circuit preventing agent is added to the electrolytic solution. Moreover, in FIG. 7, the graph 2 has shown the experimental result at the time of adding 0.001 weight% of sodium nitrite which is an internal short circuit preventing agent to electrolyte solution. Comparing this graph 1 and graph 2, at a discharge rate of 0.2 C to 5.0 C, the discharge capacity when adding 0.001 wt% of sodium nitrite as an internal short circuit preventing agent is the internal short circuit preventing to the electrolyte. It was confirmed that it was equivalent to the discharge capacity when no agent was added.

  From the above results, even when 0.001% by weight of sodium nitrite, which is an internal short-circuit preventing agent, is added to the electrolytic solution, the battery capacity is not deteriorated compared to the case where the internal short-circuit preventing agent is not added to the electrolytic solution. Recognize.

  This is the same even when the amount of sodium nitrite, which is an internal short circuit prevention agent, is less than 0.001% by weight.

As described above, it can be seen from the experimental results in the present embodiment that the present invention can prevent an internal short circuit caused by iron particles without deteriorating the battery capacity.
In addition, in the experimental results in the present embodiment, sodium nitrite was used as an internal short-circuit preventing agent and iron particles were used as an example of metallic foreign matter, but nitrites, nitrates, phosphates, chromates were used as internal short-circuit preventing agents. As the metal foreign matter, the same applies to transition metals such as iron and nickel, and alloys mainly composed of transition metals such as stainless steel.

  As mentioned above, the invention made by the present inventor has been specifically described based on the embodiment. However, the invention is not limited to the embodiment, and various modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. Needless to say.

  In the above embodiment, the technical idea of the present invention has been described by taking a lithium ion battery as an example. However, the technical idea of the present invention is not limited to a lithium ion battery, and includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and The present invention can be widely applied to an electricity storage device (for example, a battery or a capacitor) provided with a separator that electrically separates a positive electrode and a negative electrode.

  The present invention can be widely used in, for example, a manufacturing industry for manufacturing a battery represented by a lithium ion battery.

CR shaft core CS outer can EL electrolyte NAS negative electrode active material NEL negative electrode NEP negative electrode plate NR negative electrode ring NTAB negative electrode current collector tab PAS positive electrode active material PEL positive electrode PEP positive electrode plate PR positive electrode ring PTAB positive electrode current collector tab SP1 separator SP2 separator WRF electrode cage Round body

Claims (4)

A positive electrode and a negative electrode;
A separator that insulates the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte solution that performs a charge / discharge reaction between the positive electrode and the negative electrode,
An internal short-circuit preventing agent is added in the range of 0.0001 wt% to 0.001 wt% in the electrolytic solution.   The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the internal short circuit preventing agent is a substance that is hardly soluble in the electrolytic solution and collects metal ions.   2. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the internal short-circuit preventing agent is added in a range of not more than the solubility in the electrolytic solution.   The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the internal short circuit preventing agent includes any one of nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and chromate.

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