JPWO2013179997A1 - Position detection device and shift position detection device - Google Patents

Abstract

An object of the present invention is to provide a shift position detecting device having high versatility and low cost. The shift position of the present invention includes a magnet 5 that moves on a first virtual plane, a magnetic sensor 2 that is arranged on a second virtual plane, and a position calculation unit that calculates the position of the magnet 5. In the detection device 1, the magnetic sensor 2 includes a fixed magnetic layer whose magnetization is fixed, a free magnetic layer whose magnetization is changed by an external magnetic field, and a nonmagnetic layer positioned between the fixed magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer. The first virtual plane is parallel to the second virtual plane and is provided perpendicular to the magnetization direction of the magnet 5, and the second virtual plane does not include the magnetization direction center of the magnet 5, and the magnetic flux The magnet 5 is provided at a position where the magnetization of the free magnetic layer of the magnetic sensor 2 is saturated, the angle formed by the magnetic sensor 2 and the magnet 5 is detected, and the position calculation unit calculates the position of the magnet 5 from the angle. Features. [Selection] Figure 2

Description

  The present invention relates to a position detection device that detects the position of a magnet that moves in a plane using a magnetic sensor and a magnet, and more particularly to a shift position detection device that detects the position of a magnet that moves with a shift lever.

  An automatic vehicle is provided with an automatic transmission that automatically switches the gear ratio according to the speed of the vehicle. And the shift lever apparatus is attached in order to switch the gear combination of an automatic transmission.

  FIG. 21 is a perspective view of the shift lever device 600 disclosed in Patent Document 1. FIG. 22 illustrates a shift position detection device 601 incorporated in the shift lever device 600 disclosed in Patent Document 1.

  As shown in FIG. 21, the shift lever device 600 is provided with a box-shaped case 607, which is assembled to the vehicle body. A substantially bar-shaped shift lever 606 is attached to the case 607 so as to be movable along the vehicle traveling direction and the vehicle width direction with respect to the case 607.

  In the shift lever device 600, the shift lever 606 is moved to operation positions such as a parking position 608, a reverse position 610, a neutral position 611, and a drive position 612. Therefore, in order to detect this operation position, the shift lever device 600 incorporates a shift position detection device 601.

  The shift lever device (not shown) disclosed in Patent Document 2 incorporates a shift position detection device 701 shown in FIG.

JP 2007-333490 A Japanese Patent No. 2010-243287

  As shown in FIG. 22, the shift position detection device 601 disclosed in Patent Document 1 includes bias magnets 603 and 604 that generate a magnetic field (magnetic flux) around the counter magnet 602 and a counter magnet 602 that works in conjunction with the shift lever. Yes. The counter magnet 602 moves to operation positions such as a parking position 608, a reverse position 610, a neutral position 611, and a drive position 612 by a shift lever moving operation.

  Between the bias magnets 603 and 604, one magnetoresistive element 605 that outputs a detection value according to the direction of the magnetic field (magnetic flux) is provided. The counter magnet 602 functions to draw the magnetic field (magnetic flux) generated by the two bias magnets 603 and 604 toward its own side. Therefore, when the counter magnet 602 moves to each operation position, the magnetic field (magnetic flux) generated by the bias magnets 603 and 604 is directed in the direction of each operation position.

  The magnetoresistive element 605 includes a number of magnetoresistive elements corresponding to the number of operation positions. Each magnetoresistive element is provided with a sensitivity axis so that the detected value is maximized by a magnetic field (magnetic flux) directed toward the corresponding operation position. In this way, the position of the counter magnet 602, that is, the position of the shift lever is detected.

  Thus, in the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to prepare magnetic resistances having different sensitivity axis directions in accordance with the number of operation positions. In addition, the sensitivity axis direction of each magnetoresistor needs to coincide with the direction from the position of each magnetoresistor to the corresponding operation position. For this reason, there is a problem that the manufacturing process is complicated and the number of steps is large and the manufacturing cost is high.

  In addition, when the design of the shift lever device 600 is changed, it is necessary to change the number of magnetoresistors included in the magnetoresistive element 605 and the sensitivity axis direction of each magnetoresistor according to the design change. That is, the shift position detecting device 601 needs to change the specifications for each shift lever device 600 having different specifications. As described above, the shift position detection device 601 disclosed in Patent Document 1 can be used only for the shift lever device 600 having a corresponding specification, and there is a problem that versatility is low.

  As shown in FIG. 23, in the shift position detection device 701 disclosed in Patent Document 2, a cube-shaped bias magnet magnetized in the left (X1) direction on the lower side (Z1 direction) of the magnetoresistive sensor 702. A left (X1) direction bias magnetic field emitted from the bias magnet 703 is always applied to the magnetoresistive effect sensor 702.

  On the upper side (Z2 direction) of the magnetoresistive effect sensor 702, a rectangular parallelepiped counter magnet 704 having a long side direction in the left and right (X) direction is arranged, and the counter magnet 704 is arranged in the rear (Y2) direction. In other words, it is magnetized in a direction orthogonal to the magnetization direction of the bias magnet 703.

  The counter magnet 704 is provided so as to be movable in the biaxial direction of the left and right (X) direction and the front and rear (Y) direction. When the counter magnet 704 moves and approaches the magnetoresistive effect sensor 702, the bias magnetic field applied to the magnetoresistive effect sensor 702 changes under the influence of the magnetic field of the counter magnet 704.

  The change of the bias magnetic field is detected by the magnetoresistive effect sensor 702, thereby detecting that the counter magnet 704 has approached the magnetoresistive effect sensor 702. Therefore, the magnetoresistive effect sensor 702 and the bias magnet 703 are provided at each of the operation positions such as the reverse position 705, the neutral position 706, the drive position 707, and the like.

  Thus, in the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 2, the magnetoresistive sensor 702 and the bias magnet 703 are provided at each position of the operation position. Therefore, there is a problem that the price is high due to the large number of parts.

  In Patent Document 1, the counter magnet 602 moves in the magnetic field generated from the bias magnets 603 and 604 in conjunction with the shift lever. At that time, since the counter magnet 602 receives magnetic force interference from the bias magnets 603 and 604, there is a problem that the smooth operation feeling of the shift lever is lost. The same applies to Patent Document 2.

  An object of the present invention is to provide such a shift position detection device having high versatility, low cost, and smooth operation feeling.

  The shift position detection device of the present invention having a magnet that moves on the first virtual plane, a magnetic sensor that is arranged on the second virtual plane, and a position calculation unit that calculates the position of the magnet, A sensor, a pinned magnetic layer whose magnetization is pinned; a free magnetic layer whose magnetization is changed by an external magnetic field; and the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer which are located between the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, And the first virtual surface is parallel to the second virtual surface and provided perpendicular to the magnetizing direction of the magnet, and the second virtual surface. The surface is provided so as not to include the magnetizing direction center of the magnet, and the magnet is provided at a position where the magnetic flux generated from the magnet saturates the magnetization of the free magnetic layer of the magnetic sensor. The sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the magnet Detecting the angle between the magnetic flux direction emanating, the position calculation unit and calculates the position of the magnet from said angle.

  If it is such an aspect, the magnetic flux of the said magnet will be discharge | released outward from one edge part vicinity of the magnetization direction of the said magnet, and the said 1st virtual surface which is perpendicular | vertical to the said magnetization direction And isotropically and radially spread outwardly with the magnet at the center in a state of being nearly parallel to the second virtual plane. Then, the magnetic flux of the magnet is directed to the other end side in the magnetizing direction of the magnet, passes through a surface including the magnetizing direction center of the magnet, and the first virtual surface and the second virtual surface. It converges isotropically toward the other end in a state close to parallel to the surface.

  Therefore, when the magnet moves on the first virtual plane, a magnetic flux that isotropically and radially spreads around the magnet acts on the magnetic sensor. Therefore, the electrical resistance value of the magnetic sensor can be defined by the angle formed by the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet.

  The magnetic sensor is disposed on the second virtual plane that does not include the center of the magnetization direction and is provided perpendicular to the magnetization direction. Therefore, the magnetic flux generated by the magnet acts on the magnetic sensor in a state substantially parallel to the second imaginary plane. Therefore, the electrical resistance value of the magnetic sensor is likely to change depending on the angle formed by the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet.

  The magnet is provided at a position where the magnetic flux generated from the magnet saturates the magnetization of the free magnetic layer of the magnetic sensor. Therefore, when the magnet moves on the first virtual plane, the electrical resistance value of the magnetic sensor changes depending only on the angle formed between the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet. To do.

  Therefore, by detecting a change in the electric resistance value of the magnetic sensor, it is possible to calculate the angle formed by the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet. The position of the magnet can be calculated using an angle formed between the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet.

  Thus, according to the present invention, the position of the magnet can be detected by the at least one magnetic sensor. That is, since it is not necessary to use a bias magnet and it is not necessary to provide a magnetic sensor at each position of the operation position, the number of parts can be reduced. Therefore, an inexpensive shift position detection device can be provided.

  The angle formed by the sensitivity axis direction of the at least one magnetic sensor and the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet is not limited to the position where the operation position is disposed, and can be arbitrarily provided. Therefore, it is possible to provide a shift position detection device with high versatility. Further, the manufacturing process can be simplified and the number of steps can be reduced, so that the manufacturing cost can be kept low.

  According to the present invention, the position of the magnet can be detected without using a bias magnet. Therefore, since the magnet is not subjected to magnetic force interference from the bias magnet, it is possible to move the shift lever with a smooth operation feeling.

  Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a shift position detection device having high versatility, low cost, and smooth operation feeling.

  It is preferable that the magnet moves so as not to overlap the magnetic sensor in plan view. With such an aspect, the angle formed by the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet can be uniquely determined.

  Moreover, in this invention, it is preferable that the said magnetic sensor is arrange | positioned outside the range which the said magnet moves by planar view. According to such an aspect, the magnet is not limited to the definition that the magnet moves so as not to overlap the magnetic sensor in plan view, so that the arrangement of each operation position in the shift lever device can be provided more freely. In addition, the calculation process for detecting the angle becomes simpler.

  A shift position detection device having a failure detection unit for detecting a failure of the magnetic sensor, wherein the failure detection unit compares a reference angle at which the magnet is positioned with an angle detected by the magnetic sensor. It is preferable to detect a failure of the magnetic sensor.

  When the magnetic sensor deteriorates with time, the angle calculated from the output of the magnetic sensor deviates from the reference angle. Therefore, a failure of the magnetic sensor can be detected by comparing the reference angle with the angle.

  It is preferable that the magnetic sensor includes at least two magnetic sensors. With such an aspect, it is possible to detect an arbitrary position of the magnet, thus enabling a shift position detecting device with excellent versatility.

  The magnetic sensor is preferably composed of at least three magnetic sensors. With such an aspect, it is possible to detect an arbitrary position of the magnet, thus enabling a shift position detecting device with excellent versatility. Furthermore, since the three arbitrary positions of the magnet can be calculated, a failure detection of the at least three magnetic sensors is made possible by comparing the three arbitrary positions of the magnet.

  A shift position detection device having a failure detection unit that detects a failure of the at least three magnetic sensors, wherein the position calculation unit has two pairs of combinations from at least three angles detected by the at least three magnetic sensors. Preferably, at least three positions of the magnet are calculated from the two pairs of combinations, and the failure detection unit detects the failure of the at least three magnetic sensors by comparing the at least three positions.

From the two pairs of angles, the at least three positions of the magnet can be calculated. At this time, the at least three positions of the magnets are compared, and when the difference is large, the angle formed between the sensitivity axis direction of each magnetic sensor and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet in the at least three magnetic sensors. It is determined that there is a magnetic sensor that erroneously detects. Therefore, the failure detection unit can detect a failure of the at least three magnetic sensors. And, only the output from the normal magnetic sensor is used without using the output from the magnetic sensor determined to be a failure. An arbitrary position of the magnet can be detected. Therefore, a highly reliable shift position detection device can be provided.

  It is preferable that the at least three magnetic sensors are not arranged on the same straight line.

  If it is such an aspect, the said position calculating part can calculate the position of the said magnet uniquely using the angle which the said at least 3 magnetic sensor detected.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a shift position detection device having high versatility, low cost, and smooth operation feeling.

It is a perspective view of the shift lever apparatus by which the shift position detection apparatus in 1st Embodiment is mounted. It is a top view explaining the outline of the shift position detection apparatus in a 1st embodiment. It is a top view explaining magnetic flux distribution which arises from the magnet in a 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing cut | disconnected along the AA line of the magnetic flux distribution produced from the magnet shown in FIG. 3, and was seen from the arrow direction. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a giant magnetoresistive element constituting a magnetic sensor according to a first embodiment. It is a characteristic view of the giant magnetoresistive effect element which comprises the magnetic sensor in 1st Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing of the resistance value of the giant magnetoresistive effect element in 1st Embodiment. It is an electric circuit diagram of the magnetic sensor in the first embodiment. It is a block diagram of the shift position detection apparatus in a 1st embodiment. It is a flowchart which the position calculating part in 1st Embodiment performs. It is a block diagram of the shift position detection apparatus in the modification of 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which the position calculating part in the modification of 1st Embodiment and a failure detection part perform. It is a top view explaining the outline of the shift position detection apparatus in 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram of the shift position detection apparatus in 2nd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which the position calculating part in the modification of 2nd Embodiment and a failure detection part perform. It is a top view explaining the outline of the shift position detection apparatus in 3rd Embodiment. It is a block diagram of the shift position detection apparatus in 3rd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which the position calculating part in 3rd Embodiment performs. It is a block diagram of the shift position detection apparatus in the modification of 3rd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which the failure detection part in the modification of 3rd Embodiment performs. It is a perspective view of a shift lever device indicated by patent documents 1. It is a top view explaining the outline of the shift position detection apparatus disclosed by patent document 1 It is a figure explaining the outline of the shift position detection apparatus disclosed by patent document 2

<First Embodiment>
Regarding the shift position detection device shown in each figure, the Y direction is the front-rear direction, the Y1 direction is the front direction, the Y2 direction is the rear direction, the X direction is the left-right direction, the X1 direction is the left direction, and the X2 direction is the right direction. It is. Further, the direction orthogonal to both the X direction and the Y direction is the vertical direction (Z direction; height direction), the Z2 direction is the upward direction, and the Z1 direction is the downward direction. Each drawing shows the dimensions appropriately different from the actual dimensions for easy viewing.

  The present embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a shift lever device on which the shift position detection device according to the first embodiment is mounted. FIG. 2 is a plan view for explaining the outline of the shift position detecting device in the first embodiment. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the shift position detection apparatus according to the first embodiment.

  An automatic vehicle is provided with an automatic transmission that automatically switches the gear ratio according to the speed of the vehicle. And the shift lever apparatus is attached in order to switch the gear combination of an automatic transmission.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the shift lever device 10 according to the present embodiment includes a substantially rod-shaped shift lever 11 and a box-shaped case 12 attached to a vehicle floor or the like. The shift lever 11 is attached to the case 12 so as to be movable in the front-rear (Y) direction and the left-right (X) direction. In the shift lever device 10, the shift lever 11 is moved to operation positions such as the parking position 13, the neutral position 14, the drive position 15, and the reverse position 16.

  In the present embodiment, the operation position is the parking position 13, the neutral position 14, the drive position 15, the reverse position 16, and the like, but is not limited to this. For example, a plurality of operation positions may be provided for the drive position 15, or operation positions other than those described above may be provided.

  In order to detect the respective operation positions 13, 14, 15, and 16 where the shift lever 11 is located, the shift position detection device 1 is incorporated in the shift lever device 10.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the shift position detection device 1 includes a magnet 5 that is fixed to a shift lever (not shown) and moves together, and a magnet that is arranged by removing the flow line of the magnet 5 in plan view. And a sensor 2. That is, the magnet 5 moves so as not to overlap the magnetic sensor 2 in the vertical direction (Z direction). By detecting the position of the magnet 5 using the magnetic sensor 2, the respective operation positions 13, 14, 15 and 16 where the shift lever is located are calculated.

  Thus, in the shift position detection device 1 of the present embodiment, the position of the magnet 5 is detected without using a bias magnet. Therefore, when the magnet 5 moves together with the shift lever, it does not receive magnetic force interference. Therefore, the shift lever can be moved and operated with a smooth operation feeling.

  FIG. 3 is a plan view showing a magnetic flux distribution generated from the magnet 5 in the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA of the magnetic flux distribution generated from the magnet 5 shown in FIG. 3 and viewed from the arrow direction. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the magnet 5 of this embodiment has a cylindrical shape extending in the vertical (Z) direction. The upper (Z2) end 5a of the magnet 5 is magnetized to the N pole, and the lower (Z1) end 5b is magnetized to the S pole. For this reason, the magnetization direction is the vertical direction, and the magnetization direction center 5 c is located substantially at the center of the magnet 5 in the vertical direction.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the shift lever is moved to the respective operation positions 13, 14, 15, and 16. At that time, the end 5b of the magnet 5 fixed to the shift lever moves on the first virtual surface 8 as shown in FIG. And the magnetic sensor 2 is arrange | positioned on the 2nd virtual surface 9 which does not pass the magnetization direction center of the magnet 5. FIG. Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the first virtual surface 8 and the second virtual surface 9 are provided in parallel to each other, and are provided perpendicular to the magnetization direction of the magnet 5.

  Although the magnet 5 in this embodiment is a cylindrical body, it is not limited to this. Polygonal columns are also possible. The magnetizing direction can be reversed, and the upper (Z2) side end 5a of the magnet 5 can be magnetized to the S pole, and the lower (Z1) side end 5b can be magnetized to the N pole. It is. In the present embodiment, the first virtual surface 8 and the second virtual surface 9 are flat surfaces, but the present invention is not limited to this, and may be spherical or elliptical spherical. good.

  Since it is such an aspect, as shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the magnetic flux 7 is emitted outward from the vicinity of the upper end portion 5 a which is one of the magnetizing directions of the magnet 5, and the magnetizing direction The first imaginary plane 8 and the second imaginary plane 9 that are perpendicular to the first imaginary plane 9 are parallel to the second imaginary plane 9 and areotropically and radially spread outward with the magnet 5 as the center. Thereafter, the magnetic flux 7 is directed to the lower end 5b side which is the other of the magnetizing directions of the magnet 5, passes through a plane including the center of the magnet 5 in the magnetizing direction, and passes through the first virtual surface 8 and the second virtual surface 8. In a state close to being parallel to the virtual surface 9, it converges isotropically toward the lower end portion 5 b. The magnetic flux 7 emitted or converged from a location near the outer periphery of the upper end 5a and the lower end 5b is nearly parallel to the first virtual surface 8 and the second virtual surface 9 in a wider area. Is in a state.

  Thus, when viewed from the vertical (Z) direction, the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 spreads radially around the magnet 5 as shown in FIG. Therefore, the direction of the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 acting on the magnetic sensor 2 is directed from the magnet 5 to the magnetic sensor 2. Moreover, since the magnet 5 is a cylindrical body, when the magnet 5 is seen from the up-and-down (Z) direction, it has an isotropic circular shape. Therefore, the magnetic flux 7 is easily emitted isotropically around the magnet 5.

  The magnetic sensor 2 of the present embodiment is configured to have a giant magnetoresistive effect (hereinafter referred to as GMR [Giant Magneto Resistive effect]) element. As shown in FIG. 5, the GMR element 2a is formed by laminating, for example, an antiferromagnetic layer 2c, a pinned magnetic layer 2d, a nonmagnetic layer 2e, and a free magnetic layer 2f in this order on a substrate 2b from below. The surface of the magnetic layer 2f is covered with a protective layer 2g. In the GMR element 2a, the magnetization direction (P direction) of the pinned magnetic layer 2d is fixed by exchange coupling between the antiferromagnetic layer 2c and the pinned magnetic layer 2d. The magnetization direction (P direction) is directed to the left (X2) direction in a state parallel to the substrate 2b. In this embodiment, this direction (P direction) is the sensitivity axis direction of the GMR element 2a.

  It is known that the GMR element 2a has a multilayer structure in which a ferromagnetic thin layer and a nonmagnetic layer are overlapped, and the electrical resistance is greatly changed by a magnetic flux from an external magnetic field. Therefore, the magnetic sensor 2 configured with the GMR element 2a can detect the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 with high sensitivity. The resistance value of the GMR element 2a depends on the relative angles of magnetization of both the pinned magnetic layer 2d and the free magnetic layer 2f. When the magnetizations of both are parallel and facing the same direction, the resistance value is minimum, and when they are antiparallel, the resistance value is maximum.

  In the present embodiment, the magnetic sensor 2 is configured to include the GMR element 2a. However, the present invention is not limited to this. The magnetic sensor 2 can also be configured to include a tunnel effect (TMR [Tunnel Magneto Resistive effect) element or an anisotropic magnetoresistive effect (AMR [Anisotropic Magneto Resistive effect]) element.

FIG. 6 shows a characteristic diagram of the GMR element in the present embodiment. The vertical axis represents the electrical resistance value of the GMR element, and the horizontal axis represents the magnetic flux density acting on the GMR element. Regarding the direction of the magnetic flux, the X1 direction is indicated by (-), and the X2 direction is indicated by (+). When the direction in which the magnetic flux acts is the (+) direction, that is, the X2 direction, the electric resistance is a substantially constant value as R _min and does not change. On the other hand, when the magnetic flux acts in the (−) direction, that is, in the X1 direction, the electrical resistance increases when the magnetic flux density becomes a predetermined value or less. When the magnetic flux density becomes more than a predetermined value, the electric resistance ceases to rise, saturated at the value of R _max is substantially constant.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the magnetic sensor 2 is disposed in the magnetic flux generated from the magnet 5. When the magnet 5 is moved and operated at each operation position as shown in FIG. 2, the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 acts on the GMR element 2a (shown in FIG. 6) constituting the magnetic sensor 2. . The residual magnetic flux density of the magnet 5 is set sufficiently high so that the magnetic flux 7 saturates the magnetization of the free magnetic layer 2f constituting the GMR element 2a when the magnet 5 is moved and operated at each operation position. ing. In other words, the magnet 5 is moved to a position where the magnetization of the free magnetic layer 2f is saturated by the residual magnetic flux.

  Therefore, the magnet 5 having a large residual magnetic flux density such as a neodymium magnet, a samarium cobalt magnet, an alnico magnet, a ferrite magnet, or a plastic magnet is suitable. And what has a residual magnetic flux density of 250-1500 mT is selected. Therefore, when the magnet 5 is moved and operated at each operation position, the magnetic flux 7 is maintained so that the magnetization of the free magnetic layer 2f is saturated regardless of the distance between the magnet 5 and the magnetic sensor 2.

  In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the angle formed in the direction of the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 counterclockwise from the magnetization direction (P direction) of the pinned magnetic layer 2d (shown in FIG. 5) is defined as θ. . At that time, it is generally known that R is expressed by the following equation (1), where R is the electrical resistance value of the GMR element 2a constituting the magnetic sensor 2 regardless of the distance between the magnet 5 and the magnetic sensor 2. ing.

R = R _min + (R _max −R _min ) × (1−cos θ) / 2 (1)
Therefore, the electrical resistance value R of the GMR element 2a is determined by the angle θ according to the equation (1). R _max and R _min are characteristic values of the GMR element 2a and are values determined by the GMR element 2a.

  FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the electrical resistance value R and the angle θ in the equation (1). In FIG. 7, the vertical axis represents the electric resistance value R, and the horizontal axis represents the angle θ. The numbers indicated by arrows in the figure indicate the respective operation positions. When the engine of the vehicle is started, the shift position detection device 1 is also started at the same time. When the shift lever is moved, the electric resistance value R moves on the curve shown in FIG. 7 to the neutral position 14, the drive position 15, and the reverse position 16 with the parking position 13 as a base point.

  The curves shown in FIG. 7 correspond to different angles θ in the sections 0 to 180 degrees and sections 180 to 360 degrees with respect to the same electric resistance value R. Therefore, in the present embodiment, for example, when the vehicle engine is started, the shift lever is set to be positioned at the parking position 13. Therefore, when the engine of the vehicle is started, the angle of the sections 0 to 180 is assigned to the value of R. When the value of R increases and exceeds the peak electric resistance value R and then decreases, the angle of the section 180 to 360 is assigned to the value of R. In this way, when the shift lever moves from the parking position 13 to the neutral position 14, the drive position 15, and the reverse position 16, the operation positions 14, 15, and 16 can be accurately detected. Next, when the value of R increases and exceeds the peak electric resistance value R and then decreases, the angle of sections 0 to 180 is assigned to the value of R. In this way, the position of the parking position 13 can also be accurately detected when the shift lever is moved from the neutral position 14 to the parking position 13.

  In this way, by associating the electrical resistance value R of the GMR element 2a with the angle θ on the curve shown in FIG. 7, the electrical resistance value R of the GMR element 2a is uniquely determined by the angle θ according to the equation (1). Can be decided. That is, the electrical resistance value R and the angle θ of the GMR element 2a can be made to correspond one-to-one.

  As described above, the above-described phenomenon occurs when the magnetic sensor 2 is disposed within the range in which the magnet 5 moves. That is, if the magnetic sensor 2 is arranged within the range in which the magnet 5 moves, the magnetic sensor 2 will see the magnet 5 over a range of 360 degrees. However, if the magnetic sensor 2 is disposed outside the range in which the magnet 5 moves, the magnetic sensor 2 sees the magnet 5 within a range of 180 degrees. Therefore, in this case, it is not necessary to perform the arithmetic processing as described above, and the electric resistance value R of the GMR element 2a is uniquely determined by the angle θ. That is, the electrical resistance value R of the GMR element 2a corresponds to the angle θ on a one-to-one basis. Thus, it is more preferable to dispose the magnetic sensor 2 outside the range in which the magnet 5 moves because the arithmetic processing for detecting the angle θ is simplified.

  The magnetization direction (P direction) of the pinned magnetic layer 2 d is the same direction as the sensitivity axis of the magnetic sensor 2. Therefore, the angle θ formed in the direction of the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 counterclockwise from the magnetization direction (P direction) of the pinned magnetic layer 2 d is the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor 2 and the magnetic flux of the magnet 5 acting on the magnetic sensor 2. 7, that is, the angle θ formed between the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor 2 and the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 5.

FIG. 8 shows an electric circuit diagram of the magnetic sensor 2 in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the magnetic sensor 2 according to the present embodiment includes four resistance portions R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , and R ₄ to form a bridge circuit. The resistance portions R ₁ and R ₄ include a GMR element 2a (shown in FIG. 6) that changes the electrical resistance by magnetic flux generated from the magnet 5 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 4). Further, the resistance portions R ₂ and R ₃ include fixed resistance elements that do not change due to the magnetic flux generated from the magnet 5.

  In FIG. 5, for example, the fixed resistance element is obtained by changing the stacking order of the nonmagnetic layer 2e and the free magnetic layer 2f. That is, in the present embodiment, the fixed resistance element is formed by laminating the antiferromagnetic layer 2c, the fixed magnetic layer 2d, the free magnetic layer 2f, and the nonmagnetic layer 2e in this order on the substrate 2b from below. The surface of the magnetic layer 2e is covered with a protective layer 2g.

As shown in FIG. 8, the midpoint potential (V ₁ ) between the resistance part R ₁ and the resistance part R ₂ , the resistance part R _3, and the magnetic flux generated from the magnet 5 (shown in FIGS. 3 and 4) The midpoint potential (V ₂ ) between the resistor R ₄ changes. Then, the midpoint potential (V ₁ ) and the midpoint potential (V ₂ ) change while increasing and decreasing, and the difference between the midpoint potential (V ₁ ) and the midpoint potential (V ₂ ) (V ₁ −V). ₂ ) is output via the differential amplifier 2h.

In the present embodiment, the resistance portions R ₂ and R ₃ have fixed resistance elements. However, the resistance parts R ₂ and R ₃ can also have GMR elements 2a (shown in FIG. 6). Further, although the magnetic sensor 2 has the four resistance portions R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ , and R ₄ to form a bridge circuit, the two resistance portions R ₁ and R ₂ are connected in series. A configuration in which the midpoint potential of the _two resistance units R ₁ and R ₂ is output is also possible.

In the present embodiment, the electric resistances of the resistance portions R ₁ and R ₄ have the GMR element 2a, and the direction of the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 acting on the GMR element 2a is free to constitute the GMR element 2a. This is the direction of magnetization of the magnetic layer 2f. Therefore, the difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) that is the output of the magnetic sensor 2 is determined by the angle θ formed in the direction of the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 counterclockwise from the magnetization direction (P direction). That is, the difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) that is the output of the magnetic sensor 2 and the angle θ formed by the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor 2 and the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 5 have a corresponding relationship.

This corresponding relationship is, for example, the relationship between the difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) and the angle θ using the equation (1) and parameters such as a supply voltage and a resistance value constituting the electric circuit of the magnetic sensor 2. It can be obtained as an expression.

  FIG. 9 shows a block diagram of the shift position detecting device 1. As shown in FIG. 9, the shift position detection device 1 includes a control unit 6 in addition to the magnet 5 and the magnetic sensor 2. The control unit 6 includes a central processing unit 6a (hereinafter referred to as a CPU [Central Processing Unit]) and a memory 6b. And CPU6a has the position calculating part 6c. However, the magnet 5 is not shown in the block diagram shown in FIG.

CPU6a from the corresponding relationship of the difference between _(V 1 -V ₂₎ between the angle theta, when receiving the difference which is the output of the magnetic sensor _{2 (V} 1 -V 2), calculates a corresponding angle theta. In the present embodiment, the reference angle θ _i (i = 1 to 4) corresponding to each operation position 13, 14, 15, 16 is stored in the memory 6b. The reference angle θ _i (i = 1 to 4) is a value initially detected by the magnetic sensor 2. Further, the first threshold value theta _a is set, is stored in the memory 6b.

FIG. 10 shows a flowchart executed by the position calculation unit 6c in the present embodiment. The calculation process executed by the position calculation unit 6c will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, 9, and 10. FIG. When the engine of the vehicle is started, the shift position detection device 1 is also started at the same time. In S1, for example, the parking position 13 is selected with i = 1. In S2, the difference is calculated between the angle theta ₁ which corresponds to the position of the angle theta and a parking position 13 (i = 1), its absolute value is compared or less than the first threshold value theta _a. In the case of YES, it is determined in S5 that the shift lever 11 is at the parking position 13 (i = 1). Then, information that the shift lever 11 is at the parking position 13 (i = 1) is output to the vehicle side. Thereafter, the process returns to S1 and the calculation process is repeated. In the case of NO, the neutral position 14 is then selected in S3, for example, with i = 2.

  In this embodiment, for example, the parking position 13 is determined when i = 1, the neutral position 14 is determined when i = 2, the drive position 15 is determined when i = 3, and the reverse position 16 is determined when i = 4. Therefore, in S4, it is confirmed whether the selected operation position is the last reverse position 16 (i = 4). In the case of NO, the same calculation process as that performed at the parking position 13 (i = 1) is performed on the neutral position 14 (i = 2). Then, until the operation position is determined, the same calculation process is repeated for the drive position 15 (i = 3) and the reverse position 16 (i = 4). In the case of YES, it returns to S1 and repeats the same calculation process from the parking position 13 (i = 1).

  In this way, when it is detected that the shift lever 11 is at the operation positions 13, 14, 15 and 16, the information is output to the vehicle. Therefore, the vehicle can appropriately switch the gear combination of the automatic transmission according to the operation position of the shift lever 11.

The first threshold value theta _a in order to reliably distinguish the operation position adjacent, is preferably less than half the angular difference corresponding to the operation position adjacent. Moreover, in order to prevent malfunction, it is preferable that it is larger than the angle variation corresponding to the output variation of the magnetic sensor 2. Therefore, in this embodiment, the first threshold value theta _a is set to a value within the range of the.

  In the present embodiment, the magnetization direction (P direction) of the pinned magnetic layer 2d is provided in parallel to the second virtual surface 9, but the present invention is not limited to this. Even if the magnetization direction (P direction) of the pinned magnetic layer 2d is inclined with respect to the second virtual surface 9, the cosine value of the magnetization of the pinned magnetic layer 2d to the second virtual surface 9 is used ( 1) Equation can be obtained.

  In the present embodiment, the magnetization direction (P direction) of the pinned magnetic layer 2d is directed to the right (X2) direction, but is not limited thereto. The magnetization direction (P direction) of the pinned magnetic layer 2 d can be directed in an arbitrary direction within a plane parallel to the second virtual plane 9.

  Further, the magnetic flux 7 emitted or converged from a location near the outer periphery of the upper end 5a and the lower end 5b is in a state close to being parallel to the first virtual plane 8 in a wider area. Therefore, by providing the second virtual surface 9 on which the magnetic sensor 2 is disposed so as to pass in the vicinity of the upper end 5a and the lower end 5b, the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor 2 can be more accurately determined. The angle θ formed with the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 5 can be calculated.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the magnet 5 moves so as not to overlap the magnetic sensor 2 in the vertical direction. When the magnetic sensor 2 and the magnet 5 overlap each other, the magnetic flux generated from the magnet 5 acts on the sensitivity axis of the magnetic sensor 2 in the vertical direction. As a result, the angle θ formed between the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor 2 and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet 5 cannot be uniquely determined. Therefore, the magnetic sensor 2 is preferably arranged so as not to overlap the magnet 5 in the vertical direction.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the magnetic sensor 2 is disposed within a range in which the magnet 5 moves back and forth, and right and left. However, the present invention is not limited to this. It is possible to arrange the magnetic sensor 2 outside the range in which the magnet 5 moves. At this time, since the magnetic sensor 2 and the magnet 5 are not limited to the definition that they do not overlap with each other, the degree of freedom of arrangement of each operation position in the shift lever device is improved. Moreover, since the arithmetic processing which detects angle (theta) which the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor 2 and the magnetic flux direction which the magnet 5 emits becomes simple as mentioned above, it is more preferable.

  FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a shift position detection device that is a modification of the present embodiment. FIG. 12 shows a flowchart executed by the position calculation unit and the failure detection unit, which is a modification of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 11, the shift position detection device according to the present modification has a failure detection unit 6 d added to the CPU 6 a in the first embodiment. The failure detection unit 6d detects a failure due to deterioration of the magnetic sensor 2 over time. In the block diagram shown in FIG. 11, the magnet 5 is not shown.

  The failure calculation processed by the failure detection unit 6d will be described with reference to FIGS. In FIG. 12, the calculation processing from S1 to S5 is the same as that of the first embodiment, and is executed by the position calculation unit 6c. The calculation processing from S6 to S9 is executed by the failure detection unit 6d. The operation position, which is the determination result of S5, and the angle θ detected by the magnetic sensor are output from the position calculation unit 6c to the failure detection unit 6d. In S6, it is determined whether the shift lever remains at the same operation position. In the case of NO, the process returns to S1 and the calculation process is repeated from the beginning. In the case of YES, an average value <θ> of the angle θ is calculated in S7.

In S8, the absolute value of the difference between the average value <θ> and the reference angle θ _i corresponding to the operation position is calculated. Then, the absolute value is equal to or smaller than a second threshold value theta _b, repeat the processing returns to S1. If this absolute value is the second threshold value theta _b above, an alarm by determining the magnetic sensor 2 malfunction, we recommend replacement of the magnetic sensor 2. Further, the reference angle θ _i corresponding to the operation position, that is, the initial value θ _{i of the} angle corresponding to the operation position detected by the magnetic sensor 2 and the second threshold value θ _b are stored in the memory 6b in advance.

When temporal deterioration in the magnetic sensor 2 occurs, the angle theta is calculated from the output of the magnetic sensor 2, it deviates from the reference angle theta _i. When this deviation increases, the operation position cannot be accurately detected. In this modification, it is to detect with the second threshold value theta _b this. Therefore, in order to prevent malfunction, the second threshold θ _b is preferably larger than the angular variation corresponding to the output variation of the magnetic sensor 2. The second threshold θ _b is preferably smaller than the first threshold θ _a .

By choosing the second threshold theta _b below the first threshold value theta _a, during which accurately detect the respective operating position, to permit detection of such deterioration over time of the magnetic sensor 2.

In the above method, the average value of the angle θ is used, but the value of the angle θ itself can also be used. The reason for using the average value of the angle θ is to improve the accuracy of failure detection. Therefore, it is also possible to execute the determination of S8 after calculating the average value of several times to several tens of times. Further, by preparing a plurality of second threshold theta _b, it is also possible to partition the level of alarm.

<Second Embodiment>
FIG. 13 is a plan view for explaining the outline of the shift position detecting device in the second embodiment. FIG. 14 shows a block diagram of a shift position detection apparatus in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, the shift position detection device of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it includes two magnetic sensors 2 and 3, and two magnetic sensors 2, 3 is a point arranged outside the range in which the magnet 5 moves. In the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the two magnetic sensors 2 and 3 are arranged outside the range in which the magnet 5 moves, but the two magnetic sensors 2 and 3 are arranged in the range in which the magnet 5 moves. It is also possible. However, when each magnetic sensor 2, 3 overlaps with the magnet 5 in the vertical direction (Z direction), the magnetic flux 7 generated from the magnet 5 acts on the sensitivity axis of each magnetic sensor 2, 3 in the vertical direction. The angle θ formed by the direction of the sensitivity axis 3 and the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 5 cannot be uniquely determined. Therefore, it is preferable to arrange the magnetic sensors 2 and 3 so as not to overlap each operation position.

  As in the present embodiment, the arrangement of the two magnetic sensors 2 and 3 outside the moving range of the magnet 5 is not limited to the regulation that the two magnetic sensors 2 and 3 and the magnet 5 do not overlap. The degree of freedom of arrangement of each operation position in the shift lever device is improved. In addition, as described above, the arithmetic processing for detecting the angle θ between the sensitivity axis direction of each of the magnetic sensors 2 and 3 and the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 5 is simplified, which is more preferable.

In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 14, the CPU 6 a receives the difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) that is alternately output from the two magnetic sensors 2 and 3, and is the same as in the first embodiment. An angle θ formed by the sensitivity axis direction of the two magnetic sensors 2 and 3 and the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 5 is calculated. Then, using this angle θ, as in the modification of the first embodiment, according to the flowchart shown in FIG. 12, the position calculation unit 6c performs the operation position determination, and the failure detection unit 6d performs the failure determination. To do.

When the failure determination is made, the CPU 6a performs a process of receiving only the output of the normal magnetic sensor without receiving the difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) that is the output from the magnetic sensor determined to be defective. . Therefore, in this embodiment, a highly reliable shift position detection device can be provided.

  FIG. 15 shows a flowchart executed by the position calculation unit in the modification of the second embodiment. The position calculation unit of the present modification executes calculation processing different from those of the first embodiment and the modification of the first embodiment.

An (x, y) coordinate system having an arbitrary position on the second virtual plane as an origin is set. The (x, y) coordinates at which the magnetic sensor 2 and the magnetic sensor 3 are located are (x ₂ , y ₂ ) and (x ₃ , y ₃ ), respectively.

CPU6a, as described above, from the corresponding relationship between the difference _(V 1 -V ₂₎ between the angle theta, when receiving the difference _(V 1 -V ₂₎ is an output of the magnetic sensors 2 and 3, each of the magnetic An angle θ formed by the sensitivity axis direction of the sensors 2 and 3 and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet 5 is calculated. The angles are set to θ ₂ and θ ₃ .

In that case, the magnet 5 is positioned in the direction of the angle θ ₂ or the angle θ ₃ from each of the magnetic sensors 2 and ₃ . Accordingly, the (x, y) coordinates where the magnet 5 is located pass through the (x ₂ , y ₂ ) coordinates where the magnetic sensor 2 is located, and the magnetic sensor 3 is located (x ₃ ) and the straight line whose inclination is tan θ _2. , Y ₃ ) is calculated as an intersection with a straight line passing through the coordinates and having an inclination of tan θ ₃ .

  The two straight lines can be expressed by the equations (2) and (3).

y = (x−x ₂ ) × tan θ ₂ + y ₂ (2)
y = (x−x ₃ ) × tan θ ₃ + y ₃ (3)
Therefore, the intersection of the straight lines of the equations (2) and (3), that is, the (x, y) coordinates where the magnet 5 is located can be expressed by the equations (4) and (5).

x = (y ₃ −y ₂ + x ₂ × tan θ ₂ −x ₃ × tan θ ₃ ) / (tan θ ₂ −tan θ ₃ ) (4)
y = {y ₃ × tan θ ₂ −y ₂ × tan θ ₃ + (x ₂ −x ₃ ) × tan θ ₂ × tan θ ₃ } / (tan θ ₂ −tan θ ₃ ) (5)
FIG. 15 shows a flowchart executed by the position calculation unit in the modification of the second embodiment. The calculation process executed by the position calculation unit 6c according to the present modification will be described with reference to FIGS.

In S <b> ₁ , the CPU 6 a receives the difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) that is an output from each of the magnetic sensors 2 and 3 alternately. In S2, using this difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ), the position calculation unit 6c calculates the angles θ ₂ and θ ₃ formed by the sensitivity axis directions of the magnetic sensors 2 and 3 and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet 5. calculate. As a calculation method, for example, a relational expression between each difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) and each angle θ ₂ , θ ₃ is obtained from the expression (1) and the electric circuit configuration of each magnetic sensor ₂ , _3. This relational expression is stored in the memory 6b in advance. In addition, constants such as R _min and R _max necessary for calculation are also stored in the memory 6b in advance. Using these formulas and constants, the position calculation unit 6c calculates the angles θ ₂ and θ ₃ from the differences (V ₁ −V ₂ ).

In S <b> ₃ , the position calculation unit 6 c calculates (x, y) coordinates where the magnet 5 is located using the angles θ ₂ and θ ₃ and the expressions (4) and (5). Further, the expressions (4) and (5) are stored in the memory 6b in advance.

In S4, for example, the parking position 13 is selected. In S5, the absolute value of the difference between the (x _i , y _i ) coordinate where the parking position 13 is located and the (x, y) coordinate where the calculated magnet 5 is located is the third threshold value x _a and the fourth threshold value or threshold is _{y a} or less, i.e., _{| x-x i | <x} a, and _{| y-y} i _| is compared <whether a _{y a.} If YES, it is determined in S8 that the shift lever is at the parking position 13. Then, information that the shift lever is at the parking position 13 is output to the vehicle side. Thereafter, the process returns to S1 and the calculation process is repeated. In the case of NO, for example, the neutral position 14 is next selected in S6.

  In this modification, for example, the parking position 13, the neutral position 14, the drive position 15, and the reverse position 16 are determined in this order. Therefore, in S7, it is confirmed whether the selected operation position is the last reverse position 16 or not. In the case of NO, the same calculation processing as that performed at the parking position 13 is performed on the neutral position 14. The same calculation process as that for the drive position 15 and the reverse position 16 is repeated until the operation position is determined. In the case of YES, it returns to S1 and repeats the same calculation process from the parking position 13.

  In this way, the shift position detection device of the present modification detects each operation position where the shift lever is positioned. And when a shift lever is located in each operation position, the information is output to the vehicle side. As a result, the vehicle can select an appropriate gear ratio corresponding to each operation position.

In the prior art in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2, only (x, y) coordinates limited to each operation position of the magnet can be detected. However, in this modification, it is possible to detect an arbitrary (x, y) coordinate where the magnet 5 is located. Therefore, according to this modification, each operation position of the shift lever device can be provided at an arbitrary position. That is, it can be dealt with only by changing the coordinates (x _i , y _i ) corresponding to any position of each operation position. Thus, the shift position detection device of this modification is excellent in versatility.

The third threshold value x _a, and the fourth threshold y _a, in order to distinguish reliably operating position adjacent, separating the operating position adjacent X-direction, and the distance is less than half the Y-direction Is preferred. Further, in order to prevent a malfunction, the third threshold value x _a, and the fourth threshold y _a is, X direction corresponding to the output variation of the magnetic sensor 2, and is greater than the positional variation in the Y direction preferred. Therefore, in this modification, the third threshold value x _a, and the fourth threshold y _a is set to a value in the range of the.

<Third Embodiment>
FIG. 16 is a plan view for explaining the outline of the shift position detecting device in the third embodiment. FIG. 17 shows a block diagram of a shift position detection apparatus in the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 16, the shift position detection device of the present embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that it has three magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 and three magnetic sensors. 2, 3, 4 are arranged outside the range in which the magnet 5 moves. In the present embodiment, the same reference numerals are used for the same components as those in the first embodiment.

  In the present embodiment, the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 are arranged outside the range in which the magnet 5 moves, but the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 are in the range in which the magnet 5 moves. It is also possible to arrange them. However, if each magnetic sensor 2, 3, 4 overlaps the magnet 5 in the vertical direction (Z direction), the angle θ formed by each magnetic sensor 2, 3, 4 and the magnet 5 cannot be uniquely determined. Therefore, it is preferable to arrange each magnetic sensor 2, 3, 4 so as not to overlap each operation position.

  As in this embodiment, the arrangement of the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 outside the moving range of the magnet 5 is based on the definition that the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 and the magnet 5 do not overlap. Since it is not restricted, the freedom degree of arrangement | positioning of each operation position in a shift lever apparatus improves. In addition, as described above, the arithmetic processing for detecting the angle θ formed by the sensitivity axis direction of each of the magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 and the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnet 5 is simplified, which is more preferable.

  In the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 16, the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, and 4 are not arranged on the same straight line. When the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 are arranged on the same straight line, the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 may be seen from the magnet 5 in the same direction. At this time, it can be determined that the magnet 5 is located on the same straight line, but it cannot be determined where the magnet 5 is located on the same straight line. In order to avoid this, it is preferable that the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, and 4 are not arranged on the same straight line.

  Moreover, it is preferable to arrange | position so that two or more operation positions may not exist on the straight line which connects arbitrary two magnetic sensors. For example, if the neutral position 14 and the drive position 15 are on the straight line, the two cannot be distinguished. Three magnetic sensors can be distinguished, but one may fail and cannot be distinguished.

FIG. 18 is a flowchart executed by the position calculation unit in the third embodiment. Calculation processing executed by the position calculation unit in the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. The CPU 6a receives the difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ), which is the output from the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, and 4, in a time series with sufficiently small time intervals. In S < _b > 2, the position calculation unit 6 c calculates angles θ ₂ , θ ₃ , and θ ₄ formed by the sensitivity axis directions of the magnetic sensors 2, 3, and 4 and the magnetic flux direction generated by the magnet 5. This calculation method is performed in the same manner as S2 shown in FIG. 15 in the modification of the second embodiment.

In S3, a combination of two angles is selected from the _three angles θ ₂ , θ ₃ , and θ ₄ . There are _three combinations of angles (θ ₂ , θ ₃ ), (θ ₂ , θ ₄ ), and (θ ₃ , θ ₄ ). First, in S 3, one of them is selected.

In S4, the coordinates (x _p , y _p ) of the magnet 5 are calculated for the combination of angles selected in S3. This calculation method is performed in the same manner as S3 shown in FIG. 15 in the modification of the second embodiment.

In S5, for example, the parking position 13 is selected. In S6, the absolute value of the difference between the coordinates (x _i , y _i ) where the parking position 13 is located and the coordinates (x _p , y _p ) where the calculated magnet 5 is located is the fifth threshold value x _b , and It is compared if it is less than or equal to 6 threshold y _b, that is, | x _p −x _i | <x _b and | y _p −y _i | <y _b . If YES, it is determined in S9 that the shift lever is at the parking position 13. Then, information that the shift lever is at the parking position 13 is output to the vehicle side. If NO at S6, then at S7, for example, neutral position 14 is selected next.

  In the present embodiment, for example, the parking position 13, the neutral position 14, the drive position 15, and the reverse position 16 are determined in this order. Accordingly, in S8, it is confirmed whether or not the selected operation position is the last reverse position 16. In the case of NO, the same calculation processing as that performed at the parking position 13 is performed on the neutral position 14. The same calculation process as that for the drive position 15 and the reverse position 16 is repeated until the operation position is determined.

  In this way, the calculation process is repeated for all combinations of angles until the operation position is determined. In S10, it is confirmed whether the arithmetic processing has been executed for all angle combinations. In the case of NO, the calculation process is repeated for the remaining angle combinations. In the case of YES, it returns to S1 and repeats arithmetic processing from the beginning.

In this way, the shift position detection device of the present embodiment uses three combinations of angles θ ₂ , θ ₃ ), (θ ₂ , θ ₄ ), and (θ ₃ , θ ₄ ) in order to shift. Each operation position where the lever is located is detected. And when a shift lever is located in each operation position, the information is output to the vehicle side. As a result, the vehicle can select an appropriate gear ratio corresponding to each operation position.

  FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a shift position detection device in a modification of the third embodiment. FIG. 20 shows a flowchart executed by the failure detection unit in the modification of the third embodiment. As can be seen from a comparison between FIG. 17 and FIG. 19, the present modification is provided by adding a failure detection unit 6d to the third embodiment. Therefore, in this modification, the shift position detection in the third embodiment is performed and the failure detection of the three magnetic sensors 2, 3, 4 is enabled.

  Arithmetic processing executed by the failure detection unit 6d in the present modification will be described with reference to FIGS. In this modification, it is executed when the magnet 5 (shift lever) remains in one of the operation positions 13, 14, 15, 16 for a predetermined time or more. That is, in S11, it is confirmed whether or not it is determined that the same operation position exists at a predetermined number of times or more. If YES, the process proceeds to S12. In the case of NO, the process returns to S1 in FIG.

  The calculation process of S11 will be described in a little more detail. In S12 to S13 shown in FIG. 20, the operation position where the magnet 5 (shift lever) is repeatedly positioned is detected with respect to the combination of three angles. If this repetition is executed a predetermined number of times or more, and it is determined that the magnet 5 is continuously located in one of the operation positions 13, 14, 15, 16 during that time, the process proceeds to S12. The predetermined number of times is set between several times and several tens of times.

In S12, one of the three angle combinations is selected. In S13, an average value is calculated using the (x _p , y _p ) coordinates of the magnet 5 corresponding to the predetermined number of times. In S14 and S15, an average value is calculated for all three combinations of angles using the (x _p , y _p ) coordinates of the magnet 5 corresponding to a predetermined number of times. In this way, for the three angle combinations (θ ₂ , θ ₃ ), (θ ₂ , θ ₄ ), (θ ₃ , θ ₄ ), the _three (x _p , y _p ) coordinates of the magnet 5 An average value (<x _p >, <y _p >) is calculated.

In S16, a combination of two average values is selected from the three average values. There are three combinations of average values. In S17, the absolute value of the difference between (<x _m >, <y _m >) and (<x _n >, <y _n >) of the two selected average values is the seventh threshold value x _c and the eighth threshold value. Compared to the threshold value y _c of. This comparison is also performed for the other two combinations.

In S18, for the combination of the three average values, it is confirmed whether the absolute value of the difference is greater than or equal to the seventh threshold value x _c and the eighth threshold value y _c . In S18, in the case of NO, the process returns to S1 in FIG. 18, and the calculation process is repeated from the beginning.

In the case of YES, it is determined that there is a failed magnetic sensor among the three magnetic sensors. In that case, the absolute value of the difference calculated using the average value corresponding to the failed magnetic sensor is equal to or greater than the seventh threshold value x _c and the eighth threshold value y _c , and the average corresponding to the failed magnetic sensor There are two values. Therefore, it is determined that the two magnetic sensors corresponding to one average value that is equal to or less than the seventh threshold value x _c and the eighth threshold value y _c are normal, and the other one magnetic sensor is malfunctioning. The Then, an alarm is given that the magnetic sensor has failed, and the replacement of the failed magnetic sensor proceeds.

In order to prevent malfunction, the seventh threshold value x _c and the eighth threshold value y _c are preferably larger than the positional variations in the X and Y directions corresponding to the output variations of the magnetic sensor.

When the failure determination has been made, the CPU 6a can not receive the output from the magnetic sensors failure determination difference of (V 1 _{-V 2),} which is the output from the normal magnetic sensor difference (V ₁ - Process to receive only V ₂ ). Therefore, in this embodiment, a highly reliable shift position detection device can be provided.

The difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) that is the output from the three magnetic sensors is received by the CPU 6a at predetermined time intervals. Therefore, when the shift lever is moved, the angle θ calculated from the difference (V ₁ −V ₂ ) that is the output of the three magnetic sensors is shifted in time series. Therefore, in this modification, when the magnet 5 (shift lever) remains in one of the operation positions 13, 14, 15, and 16, the failure detection of the magnetic sensor is performed.

  When the shift lever is moved, it is necessary to increase the operating frequency of the CPU in order to accurately detect the failure. A CPU with a high operating frequency is not preferable because of its high price and high power consumption. Therefore, in this modification, when the magnet 5 (shift lever) stays in one of the operation positions 13, 14, 15, and 16, the failure detection of the magnetic sensor is performed, so that the cost is low. It is possible to provide a shift position detection device including a failure detection unit that has low power consumption.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Shift position detection apparatus 2, 3, 4 Magnetic sensor 2a GMR element 5 Magnet 6 Control part 6a CPU
6b Memory 6c Position calculation unit 6d Failure detection unit 7 Magnetic flux 8 First virtual surface 9 Second virtual surface 10 Shift lever device 11 Shift lever 12 Case 13 Parking position 14 Neutral position 15 Drive position 16 Reverse position

Claims (10)

A magnet moving on the first virtual plane;
A magnetic sensor disposed on the second virtual plane;
A position calculator for calculating the position of the magnet;
A position sensing device having
The magnetic sensor is positioned between the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, the pinned magnetic layer having a pinned magnetization, a free magnetic layer whose magnetization is changed by an external magnetic field, and the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer. A non-magnetic layer in contact with the layer,
The first imaginary plane is parallel to the second imaginary plane and provided perpendicular to the magnetizing direction of the magnet, and the second imaginary plane is centered on the magnetizing direction of the magnet. The magnet is provided at a position where the magnetic flux generated from the magnet saturates the magnetization of the free magnetic layer of the magnetic sensor, the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the magnet An angle formed by the direction of the magnetic flux emitted from the position is detected, and the position calculation unit calculates the position of the magnet from the angle. A magnet moving on the first virtual plane;
A magnetic sensor disposed on the second virtual plane;
A position calculator for calculating the position of the magnet;
A shift position detecting device having
The magnetic sensor is positioned between the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer, the pinned magnetic layer having a pinned magnetization, a free magnetic layer whose magnetization is changed by an external magnetic field, and the pinned magnetic layer and the free magnetic layer. A non-magnetic layer in contact with the layer,
The first imaginary plane is parallel to the second imaginary plane and provided perpendicular to the magnetizing direction of the magnet, and the second imaginary plane is centered on the magnetizing direction of the magnet. The magnet is provided at a position where the magnetic flux generated from the magnet saturates the magnetization of the free magnetic layer of the magnetic sensor, the sensitivity axis direction of the magnetic sensor and the magnet A shift position detecting device, wherein an angle formed by the direction of the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic field is detected, and the position calculation unit calculates the position of the magnet from the angle.   The shift position detecting device according to claim 2, wherein the magnet moves so as not to overlap the magnetic sensor in plan view.   The shift position detecting device according to claim 3, wherein the magnetic sensor is disposed outside a range in which the magnet moves in a plan view. A shift position detection device having a failure detection unit for detecting a failure of the magnetic sensor,
The failure detection unit detects a failure of the magnetic sensor by comparing a reference angle at which the magnet is positioned with an angle detected by the magnetic sensor. The shift position detection device according to any one of the above.   The shift position detecting device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the magnetic sensor includes at least two magnetic sensors.   The shift position detection device according to claim 6, wherein the shift position detection device has a plurality of shift positions, and each shift position is not on a straight line connecting the magnetic sensors.   The shift position detection device according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the magnetic sensor includes at least three magnetic sensors. A shift position detection device having a failure detection unit for detecting a failure of the at least three magnetic sensors,
The position calculation unit selects two pairs of combinations from at least three angles detected by the at least three magnetic sensors, calculates at least three positions of the magnets from the two pairs, and the failure detection unit 9. The shift position detecting device according to claim 8, wherein a failure of the at least three magnetic sensors is detected by comparing the at least three positions.   The shift position detection device according to claim 8 or 9, wherein the at least three magnetic sensors are not arranged on the same straight line.