JPWO2013015241A1 - 消火剤及びそれを用いる消火方法 - Google Patents
消火剤及びそれを用いる消火方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2013015241A1 JPWO2013015241A1 JP2013525713A JP2013525713A JPWO2013015241A1 JP WO2013015241 A1 JPWO2013015241 A1 JP WO2013015241A1 JP 2013525713 A JP2013525713 A JP 2013525713A JP 2013525713 A JP2013525713 A JP 2013525713A JP WO2013015241 A1 JPWO2013015241 A1 JP WO2013015241A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0035—Aqueous solutions
- A62D1/0042—"Wet" water, i.e. containing surfactant
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0007—Solid extinguishing substances
- A62D1/0014—Powders; Granules
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
- A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
- A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
- A62D1/0071—Foams
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
- C07K14/435—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from animals; from humans
- C07K14/785—Alveolar surfactant peptides; Pulmonary surfactant peptides
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- Pulmonology (AREA)
- Fire-Extinguishing Compositions (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
Abstract
Description
しかしながら、これら消火性能とは別に、消火剤の環境や人体への安全性が問題視されている。
例えば、強化液消火剤は、特にてんぷら油火災に有効であるものの、pHが12〜13と強塩基性を示すため、消火剤が付着した家具、食器、器具などは入念な洗浄、或いは廃棄が強いられ、火災の損傷を免れた金属製の構造躯体や建具などは腐食に繋がる恐れがある。また、合成界面活性剤を使用した消火剤が散布されると、水生生物に対して高い毒性を示すなど、従来の消火剤を散布することにより、鎮火後の二次被害が生じていた。
本発明における消火剤中のバイオサーファクタント使用量は特に制限されず、水溶液の場合には、使用時の消火剤中の重量比で、下限値は、0.00001重量%以上、好ましくは0.0001重量%以上、更に好ましくは0.001%重量以上、更に好ましくは0.01重量%以上、最も好ましくは0.1%重量以上である。上限値としては、例えば50重量%以下、好ましくは10重量%以下、更に好ましくは1重量%以下である。
特に消火速度の向上は、救助活動に関わる被災者や消防士などの安全、更には延焼など被害の拡大防止に密接に関係するため最も重要である。また、消火効率の向上によって、例えば、より小型の機材で対応可能となり、火災現場への必要機材の運搬効率の向上に繋がる。更には、火災現場での人員の削減や、各種装備を着けた消防士の作業の負荷軽減に繋がるため、消防活動自体の効率が飛躍的に向上する。このように、消火速度や消火効率の向上は、人命救助や被害の最小化へ大きく貢献できる。
(実施例1〜10)
消火性能試験
表1記載の濃度となるようにサーファクチンナトリウム(SF)、ソホロリピッドナトリウム(SL)などを単独で又は混合して含むバイオサーファクタント水溶液(消火剤)を200g調製した。また、図1に示す様に、木片(5)(2mm×2mm×50mm)16本とメタノールを主成分とする固形燃料(3)6gを用いて図1記載の燃焼試験装置(6)を作成した。前記木片(5)は、各段2本づつ合計8段になる様に積み重ね、各段の2本の木片は互いに平行させ、かつ上下段の木片とは直交する様に配置した。これを櫓(orderly and squarely piled up scantling woods)(1)という。また前記装置は、金属製の台(2)を備えており、この台(2)の上面には約10cm四方の枡目の網(メッシュ)(4)が掛けられている。前記櫓(1)はこの網(4)の中央に載置されている。そしてこの櫓(1)の約3cm下方に前記固形燃料(3)が置かれており、この固形燃料(3)を着火することにより櫓(1)を燃焼した。着火1分後に固形燃料(3)を取り除いた後、上記消火剤を櫓から約30cm離れた箇所から噴霧した。消火終了は消煙するまでとし、その後2分間は再燃(発煙)しないことを確認した。消火終了までの時間を消火時間として評価し、消火終了までに噴霧した消火剤の量を消火剤使用量として評価した。
38cm×33cmの紙製タオル(日本製紙クレシア株式会社製キムタオル(登録商標))を切り取って2cm×2cmの大きさに調整して中央をホッチキスでとめた。これを試験片とする。表1記載の濃度となるバイオサーファクタント水溶液100mLを同容量のビーカーに入れ、上記試験片をゆっくりと水面に乗せて、乗せ始めから試験片がビーカーの底へ沈むまでの時間を計測し、浸透性の評価に用いた。
表1記載の濃度となるバイオサーファクタント水溶液20mLを100mLのメスシリンダーに入れた。パラフィン製フィルム状シール材(株式会社日計製作所販売の「パラフィルム」(登録商標))で蓋をした後、30秒間激しく攪拌し、攪拌直後と5分後の泡体積を測定した。表中には攪拌直後に対する5分後の泡体積比率を示した。
上記実施例と同様にバイオサーファクタントの代わりに天然の界面活性剤としてカゼインナトリウム、大豆レシチン、大豆サポニンを用い、合成界面活性剤としてラウリル硫酸ナトリウムを用いて同様の試験を実施した。また対照区として水にて同様の試験を実施した。
Claims (6)
- バイオサーファクタントを含有することを特徴とする消火剤。
- バイオサーファクタントがリポペプチド化合物またはその塩である請求項1に記載の消火剤。
- 請求項1〜3に記載の消火剤を使用することを特徴とする消火方法。
- 請求項1〜3に記載の消火剤を含有することを特徴とする消火器。
- 請求項1〜3に記載の消火剤を使用することを特徴とする消火システム。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2011160524 | 2011-07-22 | ||
JP2011160524 | 2011-07-22 | ||
PCT/JP2012/068584 WO2013015241A1 (ja) | 2011-07-22 | 2012-07-23 | 消火剤及びそれを用いる消火方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
JPWO2013015241A1 true JPWO2013015241A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
JP6018062B2 JP6018062B2 (ja) | 2016-11-02 |
Family
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
JP2013525713A Active JP6018062B2 (ja) | 2011-07-22 | 2012-07-23 | 消火剤及びそれを用いる消火方法 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9776029B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP2735343B1 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP6018062B2 (ja) |
KR (1) | KR20140054095A (ja) |
CN (1) | CN103702723B (ja) |
CA (1) | CA2842583A1 (ja) |
RU (1) | RU2605565C2 (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2013015241A1 (ja) |
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CN106039627B (zh) * | 2016-05-26 | 2019-09-24 | 洛阳实盾消防科技发展有限公司 | 一种ab类水系灭火器 |
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- 2012-07-23 RU RU2014106737/05A patent/RU2605565C2/ru active
- 2012-07-23 KR KR1020147004271A patent/KR20140054095A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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US20140290970A1 (en) | 2014-10-02 |
RU2014106737A (ru) | 2015-08-27 |
CN103702723B (zh) | 2016-10-12 |
US9776029B2 (en) | 2017-10-03 |
EP2735343A1 (en) | 2014-05-28 |
KR20140054095A (ko) | 2014-05-08 |
CN103702723A (zh) | 2014-04-02 |
JP6018062B2 (ja) | 2016-11-02 |
WO2013015241A1 (ja) | 2013-01-31 |
EP2735343A4 (en) | 2015-03-25 |
CA2842583A1 (en) | 2013-01-31 |
RU2605565C2 (ru) | 2016-12-20 |
EP2735343B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
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