JPWO2005086119A1 - Space display method by spherical photograph - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to display the entire surrounding image outside the sphere, the 360 ° horizontal orientation was divided into N shots, and the N shots were taken to create a sphere based on the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the film taken. The shape to be pasted was calculated and pasted to create a sphere photo that displays the entire surrounding image outside the sphere. At this time, shooting was performed under the same shooting conditions such as exposure, aperture, and focus. This shooting was performed with a circular fisheye lens having an angle of view of 180 degrees or more, and the camera lens installed on the tripod head was used. Install the camera so that the main point overlaps the center of the tripod. Furthermore, the video of the photograph to be attached to the sphere is taken into a computer and printed by a melting type thermal transfer printer. Further, the sphere to which the photograph is attached has a structure that can be assembled and disassembled, and the photograph to be attached to the sphere is configured to be detachable from the sphere.

Description

  The present invention relates to a space display method using a sphere photograph in which a photograph is displayed on a sphere and an omnidirectional space is displayed, and in particular, an omnidirectional image can be displayed outside the sphere, which is different from a conventional panoramic photograph. A space display method using a spherical photograph that enables accurate image expression and can express a wide space such as a baseball field, a soccer field, or a concert hall with almost no distortion.

Conventionally, as a method of recording and appreciating the entire surrounding image, a method of projecting the entire surrounding image inside a sphere like a planetarium has been known, but its display device (such as a planetarium) is extremely large. It was.
These display devices require the viewer to be placed inside the device, and the optimal viewing range without image distortion is limited to a very small central part. In order to avoid it, a large space is inevitably required.
On the other hand, conventionally, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-244511, a method has been proposed in which a plurality of cameras are arranged on the circumference and images are taken in all directions in an instant.
Also, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 11-259673, image information obtained by separately dividing all directions is stored in advance, and when a user inputs a desired viewpoint position, an image at the viewpoint position is displayed. A device to perform was proposed.
In addition, panoramic omnidirectional photographs were displayed on the sphere by dividing the omnidirectional photographs and pasting the images on the sphere. Authority: Norihisa Hashimoto "Research" Proceedings of the 1997 Annual Conference (published by Japan Society for Finishings Technology).
However, when displaying the panoramic omnidirectional photograph on a sphere, a flat sheet such as a photograph or printed matter is divided and pasted, so the joining parts of adjacent sheets overlap or there is a gap, There was a problem that the image was partially unnatural.
The present invention was devised in view of the current situation, and the object of the present invention is not to display the entire surrounding image inside the sphere like a planetarium, but to display the entire surrounding image outside the sphere. Thus, it is an object of the present invention to provide a space display method using a sphere photograph that can display a panoramic omnidirectional photograph on a sphere without causing a gap or an overlap and without feeling uncomfortable.

In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to the space display method using a spherical photograph according to claim 1 shoots the 360 ° horizontal direction divided into N pieces, and each of the taken N pictures is taken. Based on the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the film to be photographed, the shape to be attached to the sphere is calculated and pasted together, and the all-around image is displayed outside the sphere.
The invention described in claim 2 is characterized in that the space display method using the spherical photograph described in claim 1 is a technical premise, and shooting is performed under the same shooting conditions such as exposure, aperture, and focus. And
In the invention described in claim 3, a circular fisheye lens having a technical premise of the space display method using the spherical photograph described in either claim 1 or claim 2 and having an angle of view of 180 degrees or more. It is characterized by shooting with.
In the invention described in claim 4, a lens of a camera installed on a tripod head based on the technical premise of the space display method using the spherical photograph described in claim 1 or claim 2. The camera is installed so that the principal point of the camera overlaps the center of the tripod.
In the invention described in claim 5, based on the technical premise of the space display method using the spherical photograph described in either claim 1 or claim 2, an image of the photograph to be pasted on the spherical body is displayed on the computer. It is characterized by printing with an uptake and dissolution type thermal transfer printer.
In the invention described in claim 6, based on the technical premise of the space display method using the spherical photograph described in either claim 1 or claim 2, the video of the photograph to be pasted on the spherical is stored in the computer. It is characterized by taking in and printing with pigment-based ink.
In the invention described in claim 7, based on the technical premise of the space display method using the spherical photograph described in either claim 1 or claim 2, the spherical body to which the photograph is attached is assembled / disassembled. It is characterized by having a possible structure.
The invention described in claim 8 is characterized in that the space display method using the spherical photograph described in claim 7 is a technical premise, and the photograph attached to the spherical body is detachable from the spherical body. And
The invention described in claim 9 is based on the technical premise of the space display method using the sphere photograph described in either claim 1 or claim 2 and is provided with illumination means inside the sphere. It is characterized by.
In the invention described in claim 10, based on the technical premise of the space display method by the spherical photograph described in either claim 1 or claim 2, an LED is provided in the illumination means provided inside the spherical body. The storage battery or the storage battery is used as the power source of the LED.
In the invention described in claim 11, based on the technical premise of the space display method using the spherical photograph described in claim 10, power is supplied by electromagnetic induction to the illumination means provided in the spherical body. It is characterized by.
The invention described in claim 12 is based on the technical premise of the spatial display method using the spherical photograph described in claim 1 or claim 2, and the image of the spherical photograph is made of a material having a display function such as an organic EL. It is characterized by comprising.

FIG. 1 is a view showing a hollow sphere to which a photograph used for carrying out the space display method using a sphere photograph according to the present invention is attached.
FIG. 2 is a diagram in which 9 photos vertically and 12 photos horizontally are arranged.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a finder ratio.
4A and 4B are diagrams illustrating a drawing method for cutting out a necessary portion of a photograph taken.
FIG. 5 is an explanatory view for explaining a method for producing a spherical photograph by pasting a photograph on a spherical surface, and is an explanatory view showing a state in which a sheet of paper having a size of 5.5 sheets in length is stretched in both the upper and lower stages.
FIG. 6 is an explanatory view for explaining a method for producing a spherical photograph by pasting a photograph on a spherical surface, and is an explanatory view showing a state in which a center piece is cut inward by cutting out with a curve obtained by drawing. is there.
FIG. 7 is an explanatory view for explaining a method for producing a spherical photograph by pasting a photograph on a spherical surface. The paper of FIG. 6 is joined from the back side to form a hemisphere, and two sets are produced and overlapped. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state put together.
FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a method for producing a spherical photograph by pasting a photograph on a spherical surface. The hemispheres created in FIG. 7 are connected up and down, and one central piece is stretched so as to hide the joint. It is explanatory drawing which shows the state.
FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram showing a photographing range with a lens having a focal length of 8 mm suitable for carrying out the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram showing a positional shift between the principal point of the lens on the pan head and the ideal principal point.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a method of manufacturing a sphere when a large sphere photograph is produced according to the present invention.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail based on embodiments of the invention shown in the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a hollow sphere to which a photograph is pasted, such as a beach ball or a paper balloon. Hereinafter, a method for taking a picture for pasting on the sphere, and a photograph taken on the sphere are pasted. A method will be described.
If this sphere is a subject to be photographed such as a space in a hall, photographing is performed from the inside of the sphere, that is, from the center of the sphere.
When shooting a subject with a 35 mm camera, the aspect ratio of the film of the 35 mm camera is 2: 3. Therefore, when shooting with 20 degrees in the vertical direction and 30 degrees in the horizontal direction, nine pictures are taken in the vertical direction. The entire sphere can be photographed by photographing a total of 108 images in a horizontal direction.
FIG. 2 is a diagram in which nine vertical and twelve horizontal photographs obtained in this way are arranged. An image that requires a black portion and an image that does not require a white portion.
In the case of this photographing, the focal length of the lens can be obtained by the following calculation.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the ratio of the finder. The vertical: horizontal: diagonal line = 2: 3: √13, and in order to shoot 30 degrees wide, the angle of view θ (angle on the screen diagonal line) is shown. Is 10√13 = 36 degrees.
Moreover, in the case of a 35 mm film, since it is 24 mm long x 36 mm wide, the length of the film surface of the screen diagonal line can be determined to be 43.266 mm.
(Length of screen diagonal line) X / f = 0.65 (when the angle of view θ is 36 degrees) and the focal length f = 66.56 mm (actually the focal length is 66 mm with a zoom lens) .
If you shoot with proper exposure in each shooting direction, the colors and contrast will be discontinuous when you join them together.
Since the film used is expected to have a large subject luminance ratio, a color negative having a reproduction range of about 10 EV is used instead of a reversal of about 5 EV.
Focus adjustment is fixed because it affects the angle of view. Therefore, it narrows down as much as possible and performs pan-focus shooting as much as possible.
4A and 4B are diagrams showing a drawing method for cutting out a necessary part of a photograph taken.
In the side view of FIG. 4A, a point where the spherical surface and a straight line of 20 degrees from the center intersect is obtained, and the horizontal distances to the center line are defined as line segments a to d, respectively.
Next, a straight line of 30 degrees is drawn from the center to the top view side of FIG. 4A, the straight line distances of the intersection points with the arcs of radii a to d are respectively line segments e to h, and the straight line distances of the intersection points with the spheres. Is a line segment i.
The line segments e to i at this time represent the actual size, and indicate the required width in each stage when nine rectangles having a horizontal width i and a vertical width (2/3) i are arranged vertically.
As shown in FIG. 4B, the inside of the line segment i connecting the ends of the line segments e to h from the midpoint of the line segment i is a necessary range.
5 to 8 are diagrams for explaining a method of creating a spherical photograph by pasting a photograph on a spherical surface. Since the photo itself is highly glossy, it is desirable to use a color copy of the photo for actual work in order to erase the gloss of the photo.
For the sphere to which the photo is pasted, it is difficult to paste the sphere as it is, so prepare a sphere divided into upper and lower halves.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a mount on which each photograph is pasted. The vertical nine sheets are divided into four upper sheets, one middle sheet, and four lower sheets, and the upper and lower sheets are the size of 5.5 sheets. Say paper.
The photograph is cut out according to the curve obtained by drawing in FIG. 2, and the center sheet is folded inward as shown in FIG. This bent portion serves as a reinforcement to prevent the shape of the entire spherical surface from being lost when the photograph is attached to the spherical surface.
The photographs obtained in FIG. 6 are sequentially pasted on a hemisphere, and one upper and lower hemisphere shown in FIG. 7 are completed, and the upper and lower hemispheres are combined to form a sphere.
Then, as shown in FIG. 8, one central photo is pasted on each joint of the upper and lower hemispheres to complete.
In the space display method using a spherical photograph according to the first embodiment, the object space is photographed using a 35 mm camera, and the aspect ratio of the film of the 35 mm camera is 2: 3. Since the shape of the paper to be pasted was calculated based on this dimensional ratio, the shape of the paper to be pasted was calculated based on this dimensional ratio. You can create a photo.

In Example 1, 108 photographs were taken to create a spherical photograph. Here, a method of creating 12 spherical photographs will be described.
In Example 1, the vertical direction is composed of nine photographs, but since the diagonal angle of view of the lens with a focal length of 8 mm is 180 degrees, as shown in FIG. 9 showing the photographing range with a lens with a focal length of 8 mm. The vertical direction can be covered with a single photo.
Therefore, the total number of shots is only 12 in the horizontal direction, and the camera need only be rotated in the horizontal direction.
Further, in Example 1, a photograph was pasted on a paper mount, but in order to obtain the strength of a completed sphere, in Example 2, a core material is put inside and a sphere photograph having a diameter of 30 cm is produced. The case will be described.
Styrofoam, which is a hard foamed polystyrene, is known as a heat insulating material. However, it is excellent in compressibility and water repellency, and is easy to process. Therefore, it is also used in POP products.
Twelve half-moon shaped parts (shaped like a tangerine bun) obtained by dividing a sphere with a diameter of 30 cm every 30 degrees are made with this styrofoam, and finally these 12 parts are joined to form a sphere. Complete.
Films taken by dividing a 360 degree space into 30 degree parts are taken into a computer by a film scanner, and the size, color, brightness, contrast, etc. of the image are adjusted.
Since most ink jet printers use dye-based inks, they often fade over time, so printing with a melt-type thermal transfer printer has little color fading and may bleed with water. Absent.
From this image, the shape shown in FIG. 4B, that is, the portion displayed as the “necessary image” 10a shown in FIG. 9, is cut out and pasted on each of the curved surface portions of the twelve half-moon shaped parts created by the styrofoam. Complete a spherical photo.
In addition, if a sphere is divided every 20 degrees instead of 30 degrees to create a half-moon shaped part and a total of 18 photographs are taken every 20 degrees, the gap between the pasted images is reduced. And a more accurate sphere picture can be obtained.
Thus, if 18 photographs are taken every 20 degrees, a substantially accurate spherical photograph can be obtained even if an image is directly pasted on a spherical body without creating a half-moon shaped part.
Note that if a lens with a focal length of 8 mm is photographed and the surrounding light quantity is insufficient, the image is photographed with a lens having a wider angle (for example, 6 mm) than 8 mm, and the periphery of each obtained image is trimmed. An accurate spherical image can also be obtained.
In addition, in individual images obtained by shooting, "barrel distortion" in which the upper and lower central parts swell and "pincushion distortion" in which the upper and lower central parts narrow may be corrected. When pasted together, a more accurate spherical image can be obtained.
Next, a method for obtaining a more accurate image by rotating the camera by 20 degrees or 30 degrees and performing 360-degree shooting will be described.
FIG. 10 shows a case where a camera is photographed on a tripod head, and shows a positional shift between the principal point 10a of the lens on the pan head and the ideal principal point 10b.
Light intersects in the camera lens to form an image on the film surface, but when the camera is rotated horizontally, the point (principal point) where the light intersects is displaced by several millimeters as shown in FIG. .
A circle 10c is a trajectory through which the principal point of the lens passes when the camera is rotated 360 degrees on the platform, and the radius of the circle 10c is a deviation between the principal point 10a of the lens and the ideal principal point 10b. .
In other words, since the main point is the front of the film surface by the length of the focal length, the camera position is finely adjusted back and forth and right and left using the micro adjuster so that the main point is at the center of the tripod.
In the space display method using the spherical photograph according to the second embodiment, since the target space is photographed using a lens having a focal length of 8 mm (circular fisheye lens having an angle of view of 180 degrees), the vertical direction, that is, the vertical direction is a single sheet. It can be covered with photographs, and the entire space can be quickly photographed.
In addition, since the camera is installed so that the principal point of the camera lens installed on the tripod head is overlapped with the center of the tripod, a photograph with accurately maintained focus can be obtained.

Although it is possible to obtain a life-size spherical photograph having a diameter of about 170 cm, a large sphere is difficult to move and store.
FIG. 11 is an explanatory diagram showing a method for manufacturing a sphere when producing a large sphere photograph. In FIG. 11, reference numeral 11a is the central axis of the sphere.
A disk-shaped support plate 11b is fixed to the central shaft 11a in three stages, upper, middle and lower, and 18 meniscus plates 11c are fixed to the support plate 11b every 20 degrees.
Furthermore, the adjacent meniscus 11c is fixed with 18 horizontal plates 11d, respectively, to form a core material.
The 18 photos taken by rotating the camera by 20 degrees are attached to a sphere with a diameter of 170 cm, so it must be stretched to a considerable size, so use strong paper such as Tyvex paper that is strong against water and difficult to tear. Further, printing is performed using a pigment-based ink with less fading.
The printed material is cut out into a photograph similar to that shown in FIG. 4B by the drawing method shown in FIG. 4 and pasted along the curved surface of the meniscus 11c. It should be noted that this photograph is convenient for assembly and transportation when it is detachably attached.
In the space display method using a sphere photograph according to the third embodiment, the spherical core material can be assembled and disassembled, so that a large sphere photograph can be produced, and the storage and movement of the sphere is facilitated.
In addition, since the photograph to be attached to the sphere is detachable from the sphere, the photograph can be used for a long time.
In the present invention, an image to be affixed to the surface of the sphere is made of a light-transmitting material, and an illumination means such as an LED is installed inside the sphere, whereby the image can be illuminated from inside the sphere. Spherical images can be viewed without being affected by external lighting.
By installing a storage battery or a capacitor inside the sphere as a power source for the internal illumination means, an external power cord is not required for the illumination means, and the degree of freedom of exhibition can be increased.
In addition, if power is supplied to the internal lighting means by electromagnetic induction, which is generally used for charging a shaving device, external power supply, internal storage battery, and storage battery are also charged. In combination with the fact that a power cord is not required, the degree of freedom of the exhibition can be increased.
Furthermore, if the spherical photo image is made of a material having a display function such as an organic EL, an unusual space display that has not been possible in the past can be achieved.
In the above embodiments, the case of spatial display on a sphere has been described. However, spatial display on a polyhedron close to a sphere is also possible, making it easy to manufacture and assemble each part.
In addition to filming with a silver salt film, it is also possible to produce using video shot with a digital camera.

The effects obtained from the space display method using a spherical photograph according to the present invention are as follows.
In the invention described in claim 1, a spherical body is obtained based on the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the film that shoots by dividing the azimuth of 360 degrees in the horizontal direction into N pieces and shoots each of the taken N pictures. Since the shape to be pasted is calculated and pasted together, and the entire surrounding image is displayed outside the sphere, it can be pasted so that there is no gap or overlap between adjacent photos, and the size of the sphere is limited In addition, the optimal image can be seen from any angle.
In the invention described in claim 2, since the photographing is performed under the same photographing conditions such as exposure, aperture, and focus, continuity can be obtained at the bonded portion such as the brightness and color tone of the photograph.
In the invention described in claim 3, since the photographing is performed with a circumferential fisheye lens having an angle of view of 180 degrees or more, when the transverse direction is divided into 360 degrees, it is possible to shoot only once in the longitudinal direction. An effect is obtained. In particular, when the brightness of the location to be shot changes, the shooting conditions for each photo will be different, so it is important to complete the shooting in a short time. You can maintain the balance of color tone.
In the invention described in claim 4, since the camera is installed so that the main point of the lens of the camera installed on the tripod head overlaps the center of the tripod, the focus of all photographs is accurately maintained. be able to.
In the invention described in claim 5, since the picture of the photo to be pasted on the sphere is taken into a computer and printed by a melting type thermal transfer printer, the color fading of the picture can be reduced, and the color blur due to moisture can be reduced. It can be used for a long time at exhibition halls.
In the invention described in claim 6, since the image of the photograph to be attached to the sphere is taken into a computer and printed with pigment-based ink, the color fading of the photograph can be reduced, and the color blur due to moisture can be reduced. It can be reduced and can be used for a long time in exhibition halls.
In the invention described in claim 7, since the sphere to which the photograph is attached has a structure that can be assembled and disassembled, the sphere can be easily moved and stored, and the entire sphere for displaying an image is displayed. Therefore, not only can it be mass-produced at low cost, but also can be easily stocked, distributed, and sold as an assembly kit.
In the invention described in claim 8, since the photograph pasted on the sphere is made detachable from the sphere, the same photograph can be used many times when the sphere is moved or stored. .
In the invention described in claim 9, since the illumination means is provided inside the sphere, the spherical image can be viewed without being affected by the illumination outside the sphere.
In the invention described in claim 10, since the LED is used for the illumination means provided inside the sphere and the storage battery or the condenser is used as the power source of the LED, an external power cord is not required for the illumination means. , Can increase the degree of freedom of the exhibition.
In the invention described in claim 11, since power is supplied to the illumination means provided inside the sphere by electromagnetic induction, an external power cord is not required for the illumination means. The degree of freedom can be increased.
In the invention described in claim 12, since the image of the spherical photograph is made of a material having a display function such as an organic EL, an unusual space display which has not been conventionally possible can be performed.

Claims (12)

360 degrees of the horizontal direction is divided into N images, and each of the N photographs taken is calculated and pasted based on the vertical and horizontal dimensions of the film on which the film was photographed. Is displayed on the outside of the sphere. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to claim 1, wherein shooting is performed under the same shooting conditions such as exposure, aperture, and focus. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein an image is taken with a circumferential fisheye lens having an angle of view of 180 degrees or more. 3. The space by a spherical photograph according to claim 1, wherein the camera is installed so that a principal point of a camera lens installed on a tripod head overlaps the center of the tripod. Display method. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein an image of a photograph to be pasted on a spherical body is taken into a computer and printed by a melting type thermal transfer printer. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein an image of a photograph to be pasted on a spherical body is taken into a computer and printed with pigment-based ink. 3. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to claim 1, wherein the spherical body for sticking the photograph has a structure that can be assembled and disassembled. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to claim 7, wherein the photograph attached to the spherical body is detachable from the spherical body. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein illumination means is provided inside the spherical body. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to any one of claims 1 and 2, wherein an LED is used as an illumination means provided inside the spherical body, and a storage battery or a capacitor is used as a power source of the LED. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to claim 10, wherein power is supplied by electromagnetic induction to the illumination means provided inside the spherical body. The space display method using a spherical photograph according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the spherical photograph image is made of a material having a display function such as an organic EL.

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