JPWO2003025278A1 - rope - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to provide a flexible, appropriate friction coefficient, and long-life rope, a plurality of covering structures 20 in which a structure 20 formed by twisting metal strands 21 and covered with a covering material 23 are formed by twisting.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a rope used for an elevator or a cargo handling machine.
In an elevator, a car and a counterweight are connected by a rope, and the rope is driven by a frictional force generated between a rope wound around a sheave of a hoist and a drive sheave. In the case of an elevator, a winding type or a cargo handling machine is driven by winding a rope hanging a load around the winding drum.
The rope used in this type of conventional machine is composed of a fiber rope impregnated with lubricating oil at the center and a steel wire twisted around the core. Structure. When this rope is used by being wound around a small-diameter sheave or pulley, the life of the rope is extremely shortened due to fatigue and wear of the wire due to bending. Further, since the coefficient of friction between the sheave and the sheave is small, it becomes difficult to secure the driving frictional force as the sheave becomes smaller in diameter.
For this reason, the diameter of the sheave driven by friction is at least 40 times the diameter of the rope. That is, since the sheave diameter is large, the driving torque is large, and accordingly, the size of the driving device is also large. Up to now, elevators and the like have been designed on the assumption that this torque is necessary. However, as the demand for space saving increases, the demand for downsizing element devices has increased.
On the other hand, a new rope that reduces the sheave diameter when using a rope has been proposed. For example, in JP-A-07-267534, an organic fiber is used as a strength member, and since the organic fiber has a length of about 10 μm, even if the radius of curvature of the rope is reduced, fatigue of the strength member does not occur and a long life is obtained. It can be maintained.
Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 3-82883 proposes a rope in which a lubricating protective layer is provided on a wire that has been brought close to each other, the wire is further twisted, and the outside is further covered.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION In the above-mentioned proposal, since the strength member has a smaller longitudinal elastic modulus than the conventional wire rope material, the longitudinal rigidity of the rope is reduced. For this reason, when the rope length is increased, fluffy vibration of the car is likely to occur. Further, it is an organic material, has low heat resistance, and is liable to deteriorate over time. In addition, when winding is repeated around a small-diameter sheave, wear occurs between the strands, and the life is shortened due to fatigue due to repeated stress. Furthermore, the friction coefficient between the sheave and the sheave is so small that slippage occurs and a large driving force cannot be transmitted. And so on.
The present invention overcomes these disadvantages and provides a rope that is flexible, has a suitable coefficient of friction, and has a long service life.
The rope according to the present invention is configured such that a first coated structure obtained by coating a first structure formed by twisting metal strands with a coating material is used as a core, and a metal strand is twisted around the core. A plurality of second covering structures obtained by covering the second structure with the covering material are arranged and twisted, and further, the plurality of second covering structures disposed around the first covering structure around the first covering structure are arranged. A third covering material that covers the periphery of the covering structure of (1) is arranged, and the second covering material and the third covering material are joined.
Here, the term “joining” is understood to include bonding by an adhesive, fusion of two substances by heating, and bonding by chemical treatment.
As described above, since the structure or the first and second structures are formed by twisting metal strands, not only can the rigidity be high and the rope can be made less aging, but this can be coated with a covering material. Since the wire is covered, it is possible to provide a long-life rope excellent in abrasion resistance without the element wire coming into direct contact and slipping.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an elevator to which a rope according to the present invention is applied.
In FIG. 1, pulleys 5a and 5b for receiving a rope 10 are provided below a passenger car or luggage car 1, and a counterweight 2 which is suspended when the car 1 is loaded with approximately 1/2 of the rated load. A pulley 5e for receiving the rope 10 is provided on the upper part of.
Pulleys 5c and 5d for receiving the rope 10 are provided at the top of the hoistway 7, and a driving device 3 having a sheave 3a is provided at the bottom. The rope 10 according to the present invention is wound around a sheave 3a of the driving device 3 from a rope receiver 6a provided at the top of the hoistway, through pulleys 5a and 5b under the car, and a pulley 5c at the top. Further, it passes through the top pulley 5d and the counterweight pulley 5e, and ends at the top rope receiver 6b.
Since the rope 10 according to the present invention is flexible and has a large friction coefficient between the sheath and the sheave 3a, a long life and reliable driving force transmission is possible even with a small sheave diameter. For example, the sheave diameter can be reduced to 1/3 to 1/2 of the conventional one. This means that the driving torque required for the driving device is also reduced to 1/3 to 1/2, so that the driving device can be significantly reduced in size. In addition, since the pulleys at the bottom of the car, at the top of the counterweight and at the top of the hoistway also have small diameters, the overhead (the distance from the top floor to the hoistway ceiling) and the pit depth (from the lowest floor to the hoistway pit) Distance) can be shortened.
2 and 9 are views showing the cross-sectional structure of the rope according to the present invention. Reference numeral 12 denotes a first covering structure disposed at the center of the rope 10, and 13 denotes a plurality of second covering structures disposed around the first covering structure 12, and the plurality of first and second covering structures. The structures 12 and 13 are twisted, and a coating 11 (outer layer coating) is applied to the outside of the twisted structure. The covering structures 12 and 13 have a diameter of 1/100 to 1/15 of the rope diameter before covering, use a high-strength steel strand, and cover the aggregate of the small-diameter strands ( (Inner layer coating) to form a coated structure. The use of small diameter wires allows the rope to be flexible and easy to wind around small sheaves and pulleys.
The coating materials (inner layers) of the coating structures 12 and 13 are made of an organic material having adhesiveness to the element wire and having a moderate elasticity (thermoplastic), and the coating material (outer layer) of the coating rope is a coefficient of friction with the sheave. Is a suitable and wear-resistant (thermoplastic) organic material.
Since the plurality of second covering structures 13 are twisted around the first covering structure 12 at the center of the rope 10, when the covering rope 10 is repeatedly bent, there is a gap between the respective covering structures 12, 13. Since the radii of curvature are different little by little, mutual slippage occurs.
In addition, when tension is applied to the coated rope, the coating structure is twisted so that a pressing force is applied between the coated structures, and furthermore, the rope is wound around the sheave or the pulley, so that the rope is wound in the radial direction of the rope. The pressing force acts. Thus, under actual use conditions, surface pressure acts on each other between the covering structures of the rope, and mutual sliding occurs.
For this reason, when the covering structures 12 and 13 do not have a covering, the wires are in direct contact with each other and slip, resulting in wire abrasion. The life of the rope is remarkably shortened because the diameter of the wire is reduced to realize the flexibility of the rope. The covering of the covering structures 12 and 13 prevents direct contact of the wires between the structures. In other words, since the covering material enters between the strands of the structure and the strands of the adjacent structure, there is no direct contact between these strands, and the strand wear can be suppressed. However, surface pressure and relative slip occur between the coatings of the adjacent structures, and the elasticity of the coating material reduces the surface pressure and relative slip, thereby greatly improving wear resistance.
The coating on the structure has an effect of reducing the surface pressure and the relative slip acting between the strands of the adjacent structure. To increase this effect, it is desired to increase the coating thickness. On the other hand, if the coating thickness is unnecessarily large, the area ratio of the strength member to the cross-sectional area of the structure decreases. This means that the ratio of the strength member to the cross-sectional area of the rope formed by twisting this structure is small, and a rope having a wide cross-sectional area is provided at the same strength. For this reason, the coating thickness is made as thin as possible as the minimum thickness necessary for relaxing the inter-wire surface pressure and relative slip. Incidentally, 0.2 to 0.5 mm is appropriate.
In the second covering structure 13 arranged around the first covering structure 12, a gap δ is provided between adjacent structures, and the covering material is formed between the covering structures when forming the outer layer covering. The structure is easy to penetrate easily. Accordingly, the outer layer coating 11 has an increased contact area with the first coating structure 12 as well as the area of contact with the second coating structure 13, thereby improving the adhesion or fusion strength between the inner layer coating and the outer layer coating. I do.
The outer layer coating transmits a driving force by a frictional force with the sheave. This means that the coating material is forced to wear, and the coating material used for the outer layer is given an appropriate hardness and thickness in order to improve the wear resistance.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a specific structure of the covering structure 12 or 13. A covering structure 20 in which a plurality of strands 21 are twisted to form a structure 22 and a covering 23 is provided on the outside thereof. Here, the diameter of the strand 21 is as described above. It is 1/15 to 1/100 of the rope diameter before coating the outer layer. In the case of this embodiment, the structure of the structure is (1 + 6 + 12) (two-layer winding), and 19 wires are arranged in parallel. By adopting such a structure, the contact between the strands becomes a line contact, and the contact pressure between the strands is less than the point contact against the longitudinal load and the radial load acting on the rope. Is done. Since the diameter of the wire constituting the structure 22 is small, the relative sliding distance between the wires in the structure due to the bending of the rope is reduced. This makes it possible to reduce the product (generally referred to as PV value) of the surface pressure and the slip distance that determines the amount of wire abrasion, thereby suppressing wire abrasion. In addition, since the strand diameter is small, fatigue of the strand due to bending of the rope can be reduced.
When applying the coating 23 to the structure 22 in which the wires 21 are twisted, the structure 22 is washed with a cleaning agent, and a method of forming the coating material 23 after applying the adhesive, or performing an appropriate surface treatment on the wires, The coating is molded to chemically bond the wire surface and the coating. For example, there is a method in which the wire is brass-plated, a coating material containing sulfur is formed on the structure 22, and the plating component on the wire surface and the coating material component are chemically bonded by vulcanization.
The wires located on the outer layer of the structure 22 are adhered to the covering and are restrained, but the wires located inside are not restrained from moving. This means that the resistance is small even when bent to a small radius of curvature, and a flexible rope can be realized. Even in this case, the wires are in direct contact with each other but are arranged in parallel.The contact area is large, the surface pressure is small, and the wire diameter is small. Therefore, a long life can be ensured.
FIG. 4 shows another embodiment of the covering structure 12 or 13. The same symbols indicate the same parts. When a relatively large rope strength is required, a large number of strands may be required because the diameter of the strand is small. This embodiment shows the configuration of the structure in such a case, where the configuration is (1 + 6 + 12 + 18) (three-layer winding) and 37 strands are twisted. As the number of strands increases, it becomes difficult to twist the strands at the same pitch as shown in FIG.
This figure shows a case in which the twist pitch of the strands of each layer is shifted little by little so that the cross section can easily maintain a circular shape. In the example shown in FIG. 3, the strands are parallel and the intersection angle of the strands is zero. In this embodiment, however, the twist angle is slightly shifted in each layer, so that the intersection angle cannot be zero. However, even in that case, since the difference in the twist pitch of each layer is small, the intersection angle of the wires is small, and the contact length between the wires in the structure can be lengthened, and the wear resistance of the wires can be improved. .
Even when a larger number of strands is required, if the structure is similarly configured, the structure can be maintained while maintaining a substantially circular cross-sectional shape, and the wear resistance is improved. This good manufacturability has the effect of reducing the cost of the finished rope.
FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the covering structure 30 when it is necessary to twist more strands. Similar to the above-described structure 22 (FIG. 3), a center structure 35 in which a plurality of strands 31 are twisted is centered, and seven surrounding structures 34 having the same structure are arranged around the center structure 35 and twisted. Thus, a coating 33 is applied to the outer periphery of the entire structure 32 to form a coating structure 30. That is, the structure 22 shown in FIG. 3 is twisted together to form an entire structure 32, and the outside is covered. In the embodiment, a case is shown in which seven structures 22 shown in FIG. 3 are twisted, but the present invention is not limited to this structure.
In this structure, since the wires are in direct contact between the adjacent surrounding structure 34 and the central structure 35, the abrasion resistance of the wires is inferior to the above-described structure (FIGS. 3 and 4). However, it is a structure suitable for the demand of a flexible and high-strength rope. Further, even when the wires are in direct contact between the surrounding structures 34, the distance from the center of the central structure 35 is short, so that the relative sliding distance between the wires is short and the wear is small. Therefore, this structure is preferably applied to the core structure 12 having a short distance from the center of the rope.
FIGS. 6 and 10 show a structure in which seven covering structures 20 covering the structure 22 in FIG. 3 are twisted. That is, the single covering structure 41 is twisted to form a structure 42, and a covering 43 is applied to the outside of the structure 42 to form an entire covering structure 40. By doing so, there is no wire contact between the adjacent single coated structures 41, and the wear resistance of the wire is significantly improved. On the other hand, the ratio of the strength member to the cross-sectional area of the covering structure 41 and the rope cross-sectional area decreases, and the strength per unit cross-sectional area decreases. For this reason, the coating thickness is set to the minimum thickness for relaxing the surface pressure and the relative slip between the strands, and is made as thin as possible. This structure is selected based on the strength, size and life of the coated rope.
7 and 11 show another embodiment of the rope structure. This is basically the same as the embodiment of FIG. 2, except that eight covering structures 13 are arranged around the core covering structure 12 and twisted, and the covering 11 is applied to the outside. . The core and surrounding coating structures 12, 13 are similar to the coating structure of FIG.
FIG. 8 shows still another embodiment, in which a covering 53 is applied to a structure 52 constituted by twisting a single covering structure 51 to form a rope as the whole covering structure 50. In the rope having this structure, design restrictions are relaxed as compared with the above-described rope, and the degree of freedom in design is increased. That is, in the above-mentioned rope, in order to increase the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the strength member to the cross-sectional area of the rope, that is, the ratio of the total of the cross-sectional areas of the strands, a single coated structure serving as a core and a single coated structure disposed on the outer periphery thereof There are restrictions on the size of the diameter of the structure. On the other hand, in the case of this embodiment, a single coated structure having almost the same diameter can be used, and the design freedom between the diameter of the strand, the diameter of the single coated structure, and the diameter of the coated rope can be improved. At the same time, manufacturing becomes easier.
FIG. 12 shows still another embodiment. 7 is basically the same as the embodiment of FIG. 7, except that a core covering structure 12 is formed by twisting a strand 21 around a core steel 24. This makes it possible to realize a covering structure having a desired large diameter without extremely increasing the number of strands.
In order to secure the longitudinal rigidity when making a rope, in the process of manufacturing the structure by twisting the strands and the process of twisting the covering structure, Twist while applying tension. As a result, there is no useless space between the wires or the covering structure, and even when tension is applied to the rope as a product, the elongation of the rope can be reduced.
When a coating is formed on a structure formed by twisting strands, the strands and the organic material as the covering material have little adhesion effect. Therefore, in order to secure the bonding force between the wires and the coating, the structure is washed, a cleaning solvent is dried, an adhesive is applied, and an organic material as a coating material is applied on the structure. While pulling out, the coating (inner layer coating) is extruded and formed. The coated structure manufactured in this manner is twisted while applying tension to form a rope, and a coating of an organic material (outer coating) is formed on the outside of the rope. At this time, by heating the rope manufactured by twisting the covering structure to a certain temperature in advance, when forming the outer layer coating, the inner layer coating material and the outer layer coating material are fused and the two are integrated. . By this, when receiving the driving force from the sheave, the force is transmitted from the outer layer coating to the inner layer coating to the structure (strength member), and between the inner layer coating and the outer layer coating or between the inner layer coating and the structure. The power is transmitted without slipping, and the car can be driven.
When coating on a structure In addition to bonding, surface treatment is applied to the wire, and a chemical reaction occurs between the components of the covering material that covers the outside and the components on the surface of the wire, There is also a method of chemically bonding the coating material with the coating material. In this case, the two can be bonded more firmly than the bonding method.
The purpose of the inner layer coating is to prevent the wires of adjacent structures from coming into contact with each other. It is better to make it as thin as possible within the range that can achieve. For that purpose, the range of 0.2 to 0.5 mm is good. The purpose of the outer layer coating is to transmit the power from the sheave to the strength member of the rope and to reduce the abrasion due to long-term contact with the sheave, and the thickness must be large enough to withstand the abrasion. . For that purpose, the range of 0.5 to 1.0 mm is preferable in consideration of various conditions in which the rope is used.
In the rope according to the embodiment of the present invention, a thin metal wire is used. Therefore, the rope has high rigidity and does not deteriorate over time. In this case, no excessive force acts on the strength member. In addition, the structure is made by twisting metal wires and the coated structure is twisted to form a rope, so the wires do not directly contact or slip between structures, providing excellent wear resistance. Long life can be achieved.
Further, since the coated structure is coated on the twisted rope to form a rope, the coefficient of friction with the sheave can be made appropriate, and the abrasion of the inner layer coating and further the abrasion of the strand can be prevented. Since the coating applied to the structure and the coating applied to the rope are separated and a two-layer coating structure is used, the materials can be optimized to realize the functions required for each coating, and the design flexibility is improved and the manufacturing is improved. Can be realized.
Further, since the wire and the inner layer coating are adhered to each other, there is no slippage between the wire and the inner layer coating even when the rope is repeatedly bent, so that abrasion of the inner layer coating can be prevented and the life of the rope can be extended.
In addition, the rope according to the present invention can optimize the coefficient of friction with the sheave even when used in a small-diameter sheave, and can achieve a long life, so that the drive device and the associated component devices, such as the pulley, can be miniaturized. . This makes it possible to realize an elevator that is space-saving and has a long rope replacement cycle. As a result, it is possible to reduce the maintenance cost as well as the initial cost of the elevator.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY According to the present invention, since the metal wires are twisted, not only can the rigidity be high and the secular rope can be reduced, but also this can be covered with the covering material. It is possible to provide a long-life rope having excellent abrasion resistance without the wires coming into direct contact and slipping.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram showing an embodiment of an elevator to which a rope according to the present invention is applied. FIG. 2 is a sectional view showing a rope according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing one embodiment of the covering structure constituting the rope of FIG. FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing another embodiment of the covering structure constituting the rope of FIG. FIG. 5 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the covering structure constituting the rope of FIG. FIG. 6 is a sectional view showing still another embodiment of the covering structure constituting the rope of FIG. FIG. 7 is a sectional view of a rope according to another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a rope according to still another embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a detailed sectional view of the rope shown in FIG. FIG. 10 is a detailed sectional view of the rope shown in FIG. FIG. 11 is a detailed sectional view of the rope shown in FIG. FIG. 12 is a sectional view of a rope according to still another embodiment of the present invention.

Claims (10)

A first coated structure in which a first structure formed by twisting metal wires is covered with a first coating material, and a second structure formed by twisting metal wires in a second structure A second covering structure covered by the covering material, and a third covering material covering the periphery of the plurality of second covering structures disposed around the first covering structure. A rope characterized in that the second covering material and the third covering material are joined to each other. The rope according to claim 1, wherein the first and second structures have a strand structure in which strands are twisted or a Schenkel structure in which a plurality of strands formed by twisting strands are twisted. The rope according to claim 1, wherein the material of the first and second covering members is an organic material having elasticity. The second coating material is constituted by an inner layer coating material made of a material capable of bonding with the second structure, and the third coating material is formed by an outer layer made of a material having an appropriate friction coefficient with a sheave. The rope according to claim 1, wherein the rope is formed of a coating. The rope according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the covering material of the first and second structures is 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The rope according to claim 1, wherein the joining of the second covering material and the third covering material is performed by fusion, adhesive, or chemical bonding. The rope according to claim 1, wherein the second covering material and the metal strand forming the second structure are joined to each other. The rope according to claim 7, wherein the second covering material and the metal wire forming the second structure are joined by an adhesive or a chemical bond. . A first coated structure in which a first structure formed by twisting metal wires is covered with a first coating material, and a second structure formed by twisting metal wires in a second structure A second covering structure covered by the covering material, and a third covering material covering the periphery of the plurality of second covering structures disposed around the first covering structure. A rope, wherein the second covering member and the metal strand forming the second structural member are joined to each other. 10. The rope according to claim 9, wherein the joining of the second covering material and the metal wires forming the second structure is performed by an adhesive or a chemical bond. .

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