JPS6357598B2 - - Google Patents

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a tunnel excavation method and a drilling jumbo used therefor.

When tunnel excavation methods are classified according to the length of the bench, they can be divided into three types: mini bench method, short bench method, and long bench method.

Of these, the long bench method cannot be said to be a valid method from the viewpoint of natom theory due to the deterioration of rock properties. Therefore, an overview of the mini-bench construction method and the short-bench construction method is compared and their advantages and disadvantages are described as follows.

The mini-bench construction method is a method in which the bench length is 3 m to 7 m, and the construction feature is that the upper and lower halves are excavated and offset at the same time, so there is no loss of work surface. However, in order to secure work space on the upper half bench, a large special mount or a special jumbo stand that can be installed on the lower half and drill holes in the upper half is required.

The theoretical feature is that it is easy to respond to geological changes, and the cross section can be closed early in bad areas, preventing deterioration of the physical properties of the rock and improving the stability of the tunnel.

In the short bench method, the bench length is 30m to 40m.
The feature of this method is that after the upper half of the excavation is completed, the upper half of the excavation is dropped onto the lower half using a tractor shovel, but it is difficult to balance the excavation cycle times of the upper and lower halves. It is necessary to create a ramp using sliding scaffolding, which tends to result in work loss.

Theoretically speaking, this method is slower than the mini-bench construction method in terms of geological changes, and the cross section cannot be closed as quickly as possible. However, conventional excavation equipment can be used immediately.

As can be seen from the above comparison, the mini-bench construction method requires the development of a large special stand to secure a part of the work space on the construction surface, or a special jumbo stand that can be installed on the lower half and perform drilling and other work on the upper half. It can be said that this is the best construction method if it can be done economically.

For example, the excavation method and drilling jumbo used in this mini-bench method include
Publication No. 24035, Publication of Utility Model Publication No. 1983-25297, Publication No. 25297 of Utility Model Publication No. 1983
-There is one disclosed in Publication No. 151800. However, these conventional techniques have a problem in that it is not possible to drill holes in the upper and lower halves of the face at the same time and to carry out the charging operation in parallel with the drilling. In other words, it would be highly desirable if the upper and lower halves of the face could be drilled at the same time and the charging could be carried out in parallel, as this would greatly improve the work efficiency of tunnel excavation work, but this is not possible with conventional technology. It was hot.

The present invention was created in view of the problems of the prior art described above, and provides a tunnel excavation method and apparatus that can simultaneously excavate the upper and lower halves of the face and perform the charging work in parallel. The purpose is to provide

According to the tunnel excavation method of the present invention, in the tunnel excavation method in which tunnel excavation is carried out by the mini-bench method, the drilling jumbo is equipped with a plurality of drilling booms, and the jumbo is raised and lowered with respect to a self-propelled cart on the tunnel bottom; The plurality of drilling booms drill holes in the upper half face, and after drilling the upper half face, the drilling booms provided on both sides of the jumbo body are moved backward to drill both sides of the lower half face. None.During this time, the three-dimensional moving deck charges the upper part of the upper half face, and also directly charges the lower part of the upper half face.After this charge, the self-propelled cart moves backwards and drills the hole. Drill a hole in the center of the lower half face using the boom.

Further, according to the drilling jumbo of the present invention, in the drilling jumbo used for the tunnel excavation method in which tunnel excavation is carried out by the mini-bench construction method, a self-propelled cart that can run on the tunnel bottom plate and a self-propelled cart that can be moved up and down with respect to the self-propelled cart are used. A jumbo main body, a plurality of drilling booms provided on the jumbo main body, a mechanism for rotating and bending the individual drilling booms, a mechanism for moving the drilling booms forward and backward provided on both sides of the jumbo main body, and a jumbo main body. It has a vertical movement mechanism that raises and lowers it relative to a self-propelled cart, and a vertical movement mechanism that is installed above the jumbo main body, is connected to a vertical movement boom and a horizontal holding member, and that moves back and forth on a rail provided on the jumbo main body. It is equipped with a working deck that moves three-dimensionally using a moving cylinder and a swimming cylinder.

According to the present invention, the upper half of the face (upper half face)
→Both sides of the lower half of the face (lower half face) → Holes are drilled in the order of the central part of the lower half of the face, and then holes are drilled on both sides of the lower half of the face. In between, charging work is done using a work deck. Therefore, it is possible to drill holes in the upper half face and the lower half face almost simultaneously, and to carry out the charging operation in parallel. In other words, the inventors of the present invention have worked hard to develop a special jumbo that can be installed on the bottom of a tunnel and can do all the drilling and other work for the upper and lower faces, and as a result, they have now completed it. . As a result, it has become possible to appropriately excavate large-section tunnels using the mini-bench method, which is the most superior in terms of early complete closure, workability, safety, and economy.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.

FIG. 1 shows the entire process of tunnel excavation using a drilling jumbo, which will be described in detail below, using the mini-bench method, and in the illustrated example, a drilling jumbo equipped with four rock drills is shown. The jumbo main body, indicated as a whole by 1, is moved up and down by a lift mechanism provided between the jumbo main body 1 and a pair of guide rails 4 on a trolley 3 equipped with a track belt 2. In the figure, the lift mechanism is extended and the jumbo body 1 is installed on the upper surface of the upper half A (the upper surface of the mini bench).

A drilling boom 100 equipped with a rock drilling machine 8,
Hole drilling booms 100, 103 are provided on both sides of the jumbo body 1 to drill holes at 101, 102, 103.
Holes are drilled in the entire face B, C, D, and E, and the lower halves C and D are drilled to shorten the charging work time (in Fig. 1, the symbol D is not written, but D indicates the left side of E. .)
Also drill holes in the area. After drilling the upper half face B, the drilling booms 199, 103 are moved back and the drilling booms 100, 10 provided on both sides of the jumbo body 1
3, drill holes in the lower half faces C and D. Note that details of this point will be described later.

The jumbo main body 1 is provided with a boom slide guide rail 7, and along this guide rail 7, drilling booms 100, 10 equipped with a rock drill 8 are installed.
3 moves back and forth. A hydraulic motor 11 with a brake is provided to drive the booms 100, 103 forward and backward, and a roller chain 12 driven by the hydraulic motor 11 is connected to a slide device 1 attached to the rear of the boom 9 via a sprocket.
When the hydraulic motor 11 is operated, the drilling boom 103 is moved back and forth along the guide rail 7 by the roller chain 12.

Control cable 4 that controls hoses and other equipment that supply hydraulic pressure and air pressure to hydraulic motors and cylinders
1 (FIG. 2) is connected to a hydraulic unit 15 and a control device 16 provided inside the jumbo body 1 via a roller chain receiving guide rail 14 provided at the bottom of the boom slide guide rail 7. Therefore, the rock drill 8 can freely move back and forth between the telescopic length of the boom 103 and the length of the guide rail 7 to drill a hole.

An outrigger 17 is provided to hold the jumbo body 1 in place during drilling, and the outrigger 17 is moved horizontally between the jumbo bodies to adjust the axis of the jumbo body to be parallel to the tunnel axis. A cylinder 18 is provided.

Next, a drilling boom equipped with a rock drilling machine will be described with reference to FIG.

The booms 9 and 10 are extended and contracted by a boom extension/retraction cylinder 19, raised and raised by a boom elevation cylinder 20, and further rotated about an axis by a boom rotation mechanism 21. The boom elevation cylinder 20 is axially connected to a bracket 22 attached to a boom rotation mechanism 21. A guide cell holder 23 is attached to the horizontal axis 2 at the tip of the boom 10.
4, and the guide cell holder 23
is bent around a horizontal axis 24 with respect to the booms 9 and 10 by a tilt cylinder 25. The situation is shown at the bottom of FIG. Further, the guide cell pedestal 23 is configured to swing around a vertical axis 27 by a guide cell swing cylinder 26.

A guide cell 28 is provided on the guide cell pedestal 23, and the guide cell 28 is moved onto the guide cell pedestal 23 by a guide cell slide cylinder 29 provided between the guide cell pedestal 23 and the guide cell 28. It is designed to slide. Feed cylinder 3 for feeding the rock drill 8
0 is connected to the rear plate 31 of the guide cell 28, and its piston rod 32 is connected to an intermediate guide 34 that guides the middle of the drilling rod 33 of the rock drill 8. Further, the intermediate guide 34 and the hose reel 35 at the rear of the guide cell 28 are connected to each other by a square pipe 36, and the piston rod 32 of the feed cylinder 30 passes through the square pipe 36. The intermediate guide 34 and the hose guide 35 are respectively provided with sprockets 37 and 38 that are attached at an angle. It is connected to a coil spring or impact absorption device 40 (FIG. 1) provided inside, and the other end is connected to the front and rear sides of the rock drill 8. This mechanism allows the rock drill 8 to be fed within the guide cell 28 .

Conventionally, hoses and the like of the extensible portion of the boom and the sliding portion of the guide cell have been looped and attached to the outside of the boom and the guide cell. This method resulted in damage to the hoses and control cables, resulting in a lot of work loss. Therefore, the hose 41 etc. are connected to the guide cell 28.
It is directed to and connected to the rock drill 8 by a hose guide 35 from below. As a result, the hose 41 and the like do not come out on both sides of the guide cell 28, thereby eliminating the accident of damage to the hose, etc., which often occurs when drilling holes at the corners of the tunnel.

In order to synchronize the movement of the guide cell 28 and the expansion and contraction of the booms 9 and 10 with the insertion and removal of the hose 41, etc., the following means are provided. A guide drum 42 is provided in the guide cell holder 23, and a wire rope 43 is provided from the front end 44 of the guide cell 28 to guide the guide drum 42 in synchronization with the movement of the guide cell slide cylinder 29 that slides the guide cell 28. Intermediate sheave 45 of drum 42
The guide cell holder 23 is folded back and fixed at the front end 46 of the guide cell holder 23. On the other hand, the wire 48 fixed to the rear end 47 of the guide cell 28 passes through the turning sheaves 48 and 49 in the guide cell holder 23 and from the rear sheave 50 of the guide drum 42 to the rear end 5 of the guide cell holder 23.
It is fixed at 1. For this reason, the guide drum 42
moves back and forth at 1/2 of the movement of the guide cell 28, allowing the hose 41 and the like to be taken in and out.

Regarding the expansion and contraction of the boom, the inside of the boom 9, 10 is used as a duct for the hose 41, etc., and a hose guide 53 is provided behind the boom 9, which is moved by a cylinder 52 for moving the guide drum.
In order to synchronize the insertion and removal of the hose 41, etc. with the expansion and contraction of 0, the cylinder 19 for boom expansion and contraction and the cylinder 52 for moving the guide drum, which has a cross section twice the inner diameter of this cylinder 19 for boom expansion and contraction, are connected in series and synchronized. I'm letting you do it.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the working deck used for charging a hole drilled with a rock drill will be described.
The work deck is equipped with a three-dimensional moving deck 54 that can move in three dimensions.
One end of a pair of deck vertical movement booms 55 and a pair of horizontal holding members 56 are connected to 4 by a universal joint 57, and the other ends of the deck vertical movement booms 55 and horizontal holding members 56 are connected to the bracket 5.
8 are respectively axially connected by a horizontal shaft 59. Also, the bracket 58 is attached to the base 60 with a vertical axis 61.
It is axially connected by. A cylinder 62 for vertically moving the deck and a cylinder 63 for swinging the deck are provided between the base 60 and the boom 55 for vertically moving the deck. By operating the deck vertical movement cylinder 62, the deck 54 moves up and down, and by operating the deck swing cylinder 63, the deck 54 swings left and right. This allows the deck 54 to move in three dimensions.

The entire working deck described above can be moved back and forth on a pair of working deck moving rails 64 provided on the jumbo main body 1. For this purpose, a hydraulic motor 65 with a brake is provided, and a hydraulic motor 65 with a brake is provided. Passed roller chain 66
are fixed to the front and rear sides of the work deck. By operating the hydraulic motor 65, the working deck moves back and forth on the working deck moving rail 64.

A ramp 67 is provided for workers to get on and off the jumbo body 1.
is adapted to be bent by a ramp bending cylinder 68.

Next, with reference to FIGS. 3 to 5 in addition to FIGS. 1 and 2, a description will be given of a mode in which tunnel excavation is carried out by the mini-bench method (bench length 5 to 7 m) using the aforementioned drilling jumbo method. With the jumbo main body 1 raised by lift mechanisms 5 and 6, the endless track belt 2 is driven to advance the drilling jumbo to the face, and the outrigger 17 is lowered to fix the drilling jumbo. The state is shown in FIG. This state is the same as the state in which the jumbo main body 1 is installed on the upper surface of the upper half board A (the upper surface of the mini bench). With this jumbo main body raised, a hole is drilled in the face B of the upper half using five full rock drills 8. At this time, the booms 9 and 10 equipped with the rock drill 8 are extended and contracted by a boom extension and contraction cylinder 19, raised and raised by a boom elevation cylinder 20, and further rotated by a boom rotation mechanism 21 as necessary. Further, the thrust of the rock drill 8 is given by a feed cylinder 30. Furthermore, the hose and control cable 41 can be inserted and removed using the guide cell slide cylinder 2 for sliding the guide cell 28.
The expansion and contraction of the booms 9 and 10 is performed by synchronizing the guide drum moving cylinder 52 with the movement of the boom expansion and contraction cylinder 19.
Since the drilling booms 9 and 10 equipped with the rock drill 8 are driven forward and backward by a hydraulic motor 11 with a brake, any position can be set between the extension and contraction of the booms 9 and 10 and the length of the boom slide guide rail 7. Can drill holes.

When the drilling of the upper half face B is completed, the whole of the drilling booms 9 and 10 is moved backward by the hydraulic motor 11, and the lower half faces C and D are moved to the drilling booms 9 provided on both sides of the jumbo body 1. , 10.
At that time, as shown in the lower part of FIG. 1, the booms 9 and 10 are reversed by the boom rotation mechanism 21, and the guide cell pedestal 23 is bent relative to the booms 9 and 10 by the tilt cylinder 25 to perform parallel drilling and piercing. give horns.

The charge in the upper part of the upper half face B is a cylinder for vertical movement of the deck 62 and a cylinder for swinging the deck 63.
A three-dimensional moving deck 54 that is moved three-dimensionally by
This is done by Charge on the three-dimensional moving deck 54 is carried out between drilling of the lower half faces C and D. Upper half face B
Charge the lower part of the tank directly.

When charging of the upper half face B is completed, the outrigger 17 is raised to drive the endless track belt 2 to move the drilling jumbo backward, and the outrigger 17 is lowered again to fix the drilling jumbo, and the lift mechanism 5 , 6 to lower the jumbo body 1 to the center plane E of the lower half face.
Drill a hole. When the drilling of the center surface E of the lower half face is completed, the drilling jumbo becomes unnecessary, and the outrigger 17 is raised and the endless track belt 2 is driven to retract the drilling jumbo to an appropriate position behind the face.

This eliminates the need for a slope for moving the drilling jumbo from the lower half to the upper half, which was conventionally necessary, and it becomes possible to simultaneously drill holes in the upper and lower halves.

The guide cell pedestal 23 can be bent horizontally at right angles to the booms 9 and 10 by the guide cell swing cylinders 26, and the boom slide guides 7 on both sides of the jumbo body 1
Therefore, the lock bolt holes 70 can be drilled over a wide range using this drilling jumbo.

Regarding shear processing, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the shear in the upper half is dropped into the lower half by a backhoe 71, and the wheel loader 72 in the lower half loads the dump truck together with the shear in the lower half. 73, transported to the dumping area outside the mine, and taken out.

As can be seen from the above description, according to the present invention, in terms of construction, the upper and lower halves of the face can be excavated and offset simultaneously, and no loss occurs in the work surface.
In addition, in terms of natom theory, it is easy to respond to geological changes, and the mini-bench method, which is the best in terms of construction and theory, can be used to close sections early and prevent deterioration of rock properties. This allows cross-sectional tunnel excavation to be carried out appropriately.

[Brief explanation of drawings]

1 and 2 show a drilling jumbo according to the present invention, with FIG. 1 being a perspective view showing almost the entire structure thereof, and FIG. 2 being a perspective view of a drilling boom equipped with a rock drill. 3 and 4 show a state in which a tunnel is being excavated by the tunnel excavation method according to the present invention, with FIG. 3 being a plan view thereof and FIG. 4 being a side view thereof. FIG. 5 is a front view showing the excavation pattern of the face. 1... Jyambo body, 3... Trolley, 5, 6...
Lift mechanism, 7... Boom slide guide rail, 8... Rock drill, 9, 10... Boom, 11...
... Hydraulic motor for drilling boom slide, 19 ... Cylinder for boom extension and contraction, 20 ... Cylinder for boom elevation, 21 ... Boom rotation mechanism, 23 ... Guide cell cradle, 25 ... Guide cell cradle tilt cylinder, 26...Cylinder for guide cell swing, 2
8... Guide cell, 29... Guide cell slide cylinder, 30... Feed cylinder, 41
... Hose, control cable, 54 ... Three-dimensional moving deck, 55 ... Boom for three-dimensional moving deck, 5
6...Horizontal holding material, 62...Deck vertical movement cylinder, 63...Deck swing cylinder, 64...
...Rail for moving the deck, 65...Hydraulic motor for moving the deck.

Claims (1)

[Scope of Claims] 1. In a tunnel excavation method in which a tunnel is excavated by a mini-bench method, a drilling jumbo is equipped with a plurality of drilling booms, and the jumbo moves up and down with respect to a self-propelled cart on the tunnel bottom, and A hole is drilled in the upper half face using a drilling boom, and after drilling a hole in the upper half face, the drilling boom provided on both sides of the jumbo body is moved backward to drill a hole in both sides of the lower half face. Then, a three-dimensional moving deck charges the upper part of the upper half face, and also directly charges the lower part of the upper half face, and after this charge, the self-propelled cart is moved rearward and lowered by the drilling boom. A tunnel excavation method characterized by drilling a hole in the center of a half face. 2. In the drilling jumbo used in the tunnel excavation method in which tunnel excavation is carried out using the mini-bench method, a self-propelled cart that can run on the tunnel bottom, a jumbo body that can be raised and lowered relative to the self-propelled cart, and a Multiple drilling booms, a mechanism for rotating and bending each individual drilling boom, and a mechanism for moving the drilling booms provided on both sides of the jumbo body back and forth are used to move the jumbo body up and down relative to the self-propelled cart. The moving mechanism is provided above the jumbo body, is connected to the vertical movement boom and the horizontal holding member, and moves back and forth on the rails provided on the jumbo body, and is three-dimensional by the vertical movement cylinder and the swing cylinder. A drilling jumbo characterized by being equipped with a working deck that moves.