【発明の詳細な説明】[Detailed description of the invention]
本発明は、担子菌類子実体栽培用培地に関す
る。従来、ナメコ、エノキタケ、ヒラタケ等の食
用茸は、鋸屑を主体とし、これに必要により米糠
等の栄養源を適当量配合した培地に、これら食用
茸の種菌を接種、培養して得られている。
しかしながら、食用茸の需要拡大により、上述
の培地原料となりうる良質の鋸屑(広葉樹及び針
葉樹のうち特に広葉樹が適する。)が不足し、し
かも該鋸屑の価格が高騰しているため良質の鋸屑
の入手が著しく困難であるのが実情である。
一方、落花生の種子は、食用に供されている反
面、その莢は、ほとんど何の有用な用途もなく焼
却されているのが実情である。
そこで、本発明者等は、上記実情に鑑み種々検
討した結果、鋸屑と米糠及び/又はトウモロコシ
糠を含有する培地に粉砕落花生莢を配合したもの
に、ナメコ、シイタケ等の担子菌を接種、培養す
れば、高収率で子実体を得ることが出来ること、
更に、鋸屑の添加量を著しく軽減することが出来
ること等の知見を得、本発明を完成した。
すなわち、本発明は、粉砕落花生莢と粉砕、割
砕もしくは薄片とした木質原料と米糠及び/又は
トウモロコシ糠を均質に含有する担子菌類子実体
栽培用培地である。
以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
先ず、本発明に使用される原料としては、如何
なる品種の落花生莢であつてもよい。
また、落花生莢は、そのまゝ(未加熱培煎処理
物)もしくは常法により加熱培煎処理を施したも
の等如何なる処理を施したものであつても良い。
そして、前記落花生莢を、莢と種子に常法によ
り分別し該莢を得る。
次いで、前記莢を粉砕する。
莢の粉砕程度は、如何なる粒度でも良く、例え
ば、4〜14メツシユ、好ましくは8〜12メツシユ
である。
なお、前記粉砕程度が、4メツシユを越える場
合及び14メツシユ未満の場合には、担子菌類子実
体形成が、著しく長期に及ぶ等のため好ましくな
い。
粉砕手段としては、如何なる手段であつても良
く、例えば、ハンマーミル、カツターミル、ロー
タリークラツシヤー、挽臼等を用いる方法が挙げ
られる。
次いで、このようにして得た粉砕落花生莢に、
粉砕、割砕もしくは薄片とした木質原料と米糠及
び/又はトウモロコシ糠を均質に配合して担子菌
類子実体栽培用培地として用いることが出来る
が、更に、これに必要により、水;コーンステー
プリカー、〓、アミノ酸類、大豆ミール、醤油粕
等の窒素源;グルコース、マルツエキス等の炭素
源;燐酸−カリウム、炭酸石灰、硫酸マグネシウ
ム、等のミネラル;ビタミン等より選ばれた1種
以上を配合して使用することも出来る。
本発明に使用される木質原料は、通常担子菌の
栽培に用いられるものであれば、如何なる樹種で
も良く、例えば、ブナ、コナラ、ミズナラ、ダチ
カンバ、クヌギ、シデ、サクラ、エゴノキ、ポプ
ラ、ハンノキ、カシ、シイ、タブ、チーク等の木
質原料が挙げられる。
前記木質原料を通常の粉砕機もしくは割砕機に
より粉砕もしくは割砕するか、あるいは鉋、スラ
イサー等により薄片状とする。この際、粉砕もし
くは割砕した場合の粒度としては約4メツシユ、
好適には8メツシユよりも細粒のものが好まし
く、また薄片状としたものは、厚さが約3mm以
下、好適には1mm以下のものが好ましい。
なお、粉砕落花生莢の配合割合は、如何なる量
でも良く、例えば落花生莢乾物重量%として培地
総重量当り5〜28%、好ましくは7〜12%となる
如く配合することが望ましい。
更に、米糠対トウモロコシ糠の配合比は、如何
なる比率でも良い。
次に、上記担子菌類子実体栽培用培地を適当な
容器に入れ、通常の殺菌処理を施したのち、これ
に、担子菌の種菌を接種し、その後は、通常の培
養法に従つて培養し、担子菌子実体を得る。
本発明に適用可能な担子菌としては、、例えば、
スギタケ属、シイタケ属、エノキタケ属、ヒラタ
ケ属、マイタケ属等に属するものであれば如何な
る種別のものでも良く、それらの内、ナメコ、シ
イタケ、エノキタケ、ヒラタケ、マイタケ等は特
に好適である。
以上の如く、本発明は、担子菌類子実体を高収
率で得ることが出来、しかも従来用いられていた
鋸屑等前記木質原料の使用量を著しく軽減するこ
とが出来る等産業上極めて有効なものである。
以下、本発明を実施例を挙げて詳細に説明す
る。
実施例 1
ブナ鋸屑310g(乾物重量)に、トウモロコシ
糠60g(乾物重量)を配合したものに、水分63%
(W/W)となる如く加水し、更に、これに、水
分63%(W/W)の粉砕落花生莢(粉砕粒度10メ
ツシユ)を9%(乾物重量%)となる如く添加し
た。
このようにして得た加水物を栽培袋に充填し、
常法により密栓したものを、圧力1Kg/cm2(ゲー
ジ圧力)で温度120℃の飽和水蒸気を90分間作用
させて殺菌したのち、室温迄冷却して培地を得た
(本発明)。
なお、比較のための対照は、ブナ鋸屑310g
(乾物重量)に、トウモロコシ糠60g(乾物重量)
を配合したものに、水分63%(W/W)となる如
く加水して得たものを栽培袋に入れ、あとは本発
明の調製法と全く同様に加熱殺菌して得たもので
ある。
次いで、上記培地に夫々ナメコ種菌を接種し、
温度23℃で湿度60〜70%の条件下で3ケ月間培養
し、その後子実体発生室に移し、温度15℃で湿温
80〜90%の条件下で2ケ月間子実体を発生させて
得た収量を第1表に示す
The present invention relates to a medium for cultivating fruiting bodies of basidiomycetes. Traditionally, edible mushrooms such as nameko, enokitake, and oyster mushrooms have been obtained by inoculating and culturing the inoculum of these edible mushrooms in a medium containing sawdust as the main ingredient and, if necessary, an appropriate amount of nutrients such as rice bran. . However, due to the increasing demand for edible mushrooms, there is a shortage of high-quality sawdust (hardwoods are particularly suitable among hardwoods and coniferous trees) that can be used as a raw material for the above-mentioned culture medium, and the price of sawdust is soaring, making it difficult to obtain high-quality sawdust. The reality is that it is extremely difficult. On the other hand, while peanut seeds are edible, the reality is that their pods have almost no useful use and are incinerated. Therefore, as a result of various studies in view of the above circumstances, the present inventors inoculated and cultured basidiomycetes such as nameko and shiitake mushrooms into a medium containing sawdust and rice bran and/or corn bran mixed with ground peanut pods. By doing so, it is possible to obtain fruiting bodies in high yield,
Furthermore, the present invention was completed based on the knowledge that the amount of sawdust added can be significantly reduced. That is, the present invention is a medium for cultivating basidiomycete fruiting bodies homogeneously containing crushed peanut pods, crushed, crushed or flaked wood material, and rice bran and/or corn bran. The present invention will be explained in detail below. First, the raw material used in the present invention may be peanut pods of any variety. Furthermore, the peanut pods may be left as they are (non-heated and cultured) or may be subjected to any treatment such as heated and cultured in a conventional manner. Then, the peanut pods are separated into pods and seeds by a conventional method to obtain the pods. The pods are then crushed. The degree of crushing of the pods may be any particle size, for example, 4 to 14 meshes, preferably 8 to 12 meshes. In addition, if the degree of pulverization exceeds 4 meshes or is less than 14 meshes, the formation of basidiomycete fruiting bodies takes an extremely long time, which is not preferable. Any pulverizing means may be used, and examples thereof include methods using a hammer mill, cutter mill, rotary crusher, mill, and the like. Next, to the crushed peanut pods obtained in this way,
A homogeneous mixture of crushed, crushed or flaked wood material and rice bran and/or corn bran can be used as a medium for cultivating basidiomycete fruiting bodies, and if necessary, water; corn staple liquor; 〓, Nitrogen sources such as amino acids, soybean meal, soy sauce lees; Carbon sources such as glucose and malt extract; Minerals such as potassium phosphate, lime carbonate, magnesium sulfate; and one or more selected vitamins, etc. You can also use The wood material used in the present invention may be of any tree species as long as it is normally used for cultivating basidiomycetes, such as beech, Quercus, Quercus oak, Betula birch, Sawtooth oak, Hornbeam, cherry tree, Styrax, poplar, Alder, etc. Examples include wood materials such as oak, chinquapin, tab, and teak. The wood raw material is crushed or crushed using a conventional crusher or crusher, or made into flakes using a plane, a slicer, or the like. At this time, the particle size when crushed or crushed is approximately 4 mesh,
Preferably, the particles are finer than 8 meshes, and the flakes have a thickness of about 3 mm or less, preferably 1 mm or less. The blending ratio of ground peanut pods may be any amount; for example, it is desirable to blend the ground peanut pods in an amount of 5 to 28%, preferably 7 to 12%, based on the total weight of the medium as dry weight % of the peanut pods. Furthermore, the blending ratio of rice bran to corn bran may be any ratio. Next, the above-mentioned medium for cultivating basidiomycete fruiting bodies is placed in a suitable container and subjected to normal sterilization treatment, followed by inoculation of basidiomycete inoculum, and thereafter cultured according to the usual culture method. , to obtain basidiomycete fruiting bodies. Examples of basidiomycetes applicable to the present invention include:
Any species may be used as long as it belongs to the genus Sugitake, Shiitake, Enokitake, Oyster, Maitake, etc. Among them, Nameko, Shiitake, Enokitake, Oyster, Maitake, etc. are particularly preferred. As described above, the present invention is industrially extremely effective, as it is possible to obtain basidiomycete fruiting bodies at a high yield, and it is also possible to significantly reduce the amount of woody raw materials used in the past, such as sawdust. It is. Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail by giving examples. Example 1 A mixture of 310 g (dry weight) of beech sawdust and 60 g (dry weight) of corn bran, with a moisture content of 63%.
(W/W), and to this was added ground peanut pods (pulverized particle size: 10 mesh) with a moisture content of 63% (W/W) to 9% (dry weight %). The hydrate obtained in this way is filled into a cultivation bag,
The container was sealed in a conventional manner and sterilized by applying saturated steam at a temperature of 120° C. for 90 minutes at a pressure of 1 Kg/cm 2 (gauge pressure), and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a culture medium (the present invention). The control for comparison was 310g of beech sawdust.
(dry weight), corn bran 60g (dry weight)
The product was obtained by adding water to a mixture of the following to achieve a moisture content of 63% (W/W), placing the resulting product in a cultivation bag, and heat-sterilizing it in exactly the same manner as the preparation method of the present invention. Next, each of the above-mentioned media was inoculated with Nameko inoculum,
Cultivate for 3 months at a temperature of 23℃ and humidity of 60-70%, then transfer to a fruiting body generation chamber and grow at a humidity of 15℃.
Table 1 shows the yield obtained by developing fruiting bodies for two months under 80-90% conditions.
【表】
上表より明らかな如く、本発明は、対照に比
し、子実体収量が著しく増加することがわかる。
実施例 2
ブナ鋸屑310g(乾物重量)に、米糠60g(乾
物重量)を配合したものに、水分63%(W/W)
となる如く加水し、更に、これに水分63%(W/
W)の粉砕落花生莢(粉砕粒度10メツシユ)を9
%(乾物重量%)となる如く添加した。
このようにして得た加水物を栽培袋に充填し、
常法により密栓したものを圧力1Kg/cm2(ゲージ
圧力)で温度120℃の飽和水蒸気を90分間作用さ
せて殺菌したのち、室温迄冷却して培地を得た。
なお、比較のための対照培地はブトナ鋸屑310
g(乾物重量)に米糠60g(乾物重量)を配合し
たものに、水分63%(W/W)となる如く加水
し、あとは本発明の培地の調製法と全く同様に加
熱殺菌して得たものである。
次いで、上記培地に夫々シイタケ種菌を接種
し、温度23℃で湿度60〜70%の条件下で5ケ月間
培養し、その後子実体発生室に移し、温度15℃で
湿度80〜90%の条件下に4ケ月間子実体を発生さ
せて得た収量を第2表に示す。[Table] As is clear from the above table, it can be seen that the fruiting body yield of the present invention is significantly increased compared to the control. Example 2 A mixture of 310 g (dry weight) of beech sawdust and 60 g (dry weight) of rice bran, with a moisture content of 63% (W/W).
Add water to this, and add 63% water (W/
W) crushed peanut pods (crushed particle size 10 mesh)
% (dry weight %). The hydrate obtained in this way is filled into a cultivation bag,
The container was sealed in a conventional manner and sterilized by applying saturated steam at a temperature of 120° C. for 90 minutes at a pressure of 1 Kg/cm 2 (gauge pressure), and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a culture medium. The control medium for comparison is Butona Sawdust 310.
g (dry weight) and 60 g (dry weight) of rice bran, water is added to the mixture to give a moisture content of 63% (W/W), and the rest is heated and sterilized in exactly the same manner as the preparation method of the culture medium of the present invention. It is something that Next, each of the above-mentioned media was inoculated with shiitake seed fungi, and cultured for 5 months at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 60 to 70%, and then transferred to a fruiting body generation chamber and incubated at a temperature of 15°C and a humidity of 80 to 90%. Table 2 below shows the yield obtained after producing fruit bodies for 4 months.
【表】
上表より明らかな如く、本発明は、対照に比
し、子実体収量が著しく増加することがわかる。
実施例 3
ブナ鋸屑310g(乾物重量)に、トウモロコシ
糠48g(乾物重量)及び米糠12g(乾物重量)を
夫々配合したものに、水分63%(W/W)となる
如く加水し、更に、これに水分63%(W/W)の
粉砕落花生莢(粉砕粒度10メツシユ)を9%(乾
物重量%)となる如く添加した。
このようにして得た加水物1Kgを栽培袋に充填
し、常法により密栓したものを、圧力1Kg/cm2
(ゲージ圧力)で温度120℃の飽和水蒸気を90分間
作用させて殺菌したのち、室温迄冷却して培地を
得た。(本発明)
なお、比較のための対照培地は、上記本発明培
地の調製法のうち、ブナ鋸屑310g(乾物重量)
にトウモロコシ糠48g(乾物重量)及び米糠12g
(乾物重量)を夫々配合したものに、水分63%
(W/W)となる如く加水する以外は、本発明培
地の調製法と全く同様にして得たものである。
次いで、上記培地に夫々ナメコ種菌を接種し、
温度23℃で湿度60〜70%の条件下で3ケ月間培養
し、その後、子実体発生室に移し、温度15℃で湿
度80〜90%の条件下に2ケ月間子実体を発生させ
て得た収量を第3表に示す。[Table] As is clear from the above table, it can be seen that the fruiting body yield of the present invention is significantly increased compared to the control. Example 3 A mixture of 310 g (dry weight) of beech sawdust, 48 g (dry weight) of corn bran, and 12 g (dry weight) of rice bran was added with water to a moisture content of 63% (W/W), and then Ground peanut pods (pulverized grain size: 10 mesh) with a moisture content of 63% (W/W) were added to the mixture to give a concentration of 9% (dry weight %). Fill a cultivation bag with 1 kg of the hydrated product obtained in this way, seal it in a conventional manner, and press at a pressure of 1 kg/cm 2
The cells were sterilized by applying saturated steam at 120° C. (gauge pressure) for 90 minutes, and then cooled to room temperature to obtain a culture medium. (The present invention) The control medium for comparison was prepared using 310 g of beech sawdust (dry weight) among the preparation methods for the above-mentioned culture medium of the present invention.
48g of corn bran (dry weight) and 12g of rice bran
(dry weight) with a moisture content of 63%.
It was obtained in exactly the same manner as the method for preparing the culture medium of the present invention, except that water was added so that (W/W). Next, each of the above-mentioned media was inoculated with Nameko inoculum,
The seeds were cultured for 3 months at a temperature of 23°C and a humidity of 60-70%, and then transferred to a fruiting body generation chamber, where fruiting bodies were allowed to develop for 2 months at a temperature of 15°C and a humidity of 80-90%. The yields obtained are shown in Table 3.
【表】
上表より明らかな如く、本発明は、対照に比
し、子実体収量が著しく増加することがわかる。[Table] As is clear from the above table, it can be seen that the fruiting body yield of the present invention is significantly increased compared to the control.