JPS635069B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS635069B2 JPS635069B2 JP10220680A JP10220680A JPS635069B2 JP S635069 B2 JPS635069 B2 JP S635069B2 JP 10220680 A JP10220680 A JP 10220680A JP 10220680 A JP10220680 A JP 10220680A JP S635069 B2 JPS635069 B2 JP S635069B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- frequency irradiation
- glow discharge
- drying
- drying chamber
- automatic controller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 14
- 101100204059 Caenorhabditis elegans trap-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 6
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)Cl VOPWNXZWBYDODV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004809 Teflon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006362 Teflon® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003779 heat-resistant material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
- Freezing, Cooling And Drying Of Foods (AREA)
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は、被処理物に高周波を照射する真空凍
結乾燥方法、並びに、その方法に使用する装置に
関する。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a vacuum freeze-drying method for irradiating a processed object with high frequency waves, and an apparatus used in the method.
上記方法は、被処理物の表面が乾燥しても内部
の凍結部分に効率的に熱を付与できて、能率良く
乾燥を行える利点があるが、加熱が不均一になつ
て、部分的な変質や変色を生じやすく、この事
は、殊に食品を栄養及び香り等が損われないよう
に乾燥する場合には致命的な欠点になる。 The above method has the advantage of being able to efficiently apply heat to the frozen parts inside even if the surface of the workpiece dries, resulting in efficient drying. This is a fatal drawback, especially when food is to be dried so as not to lose its nutrition and flavor.
本発明は、上記実情に鑑みて、被処理物の均一
加熱を容易かつ確実に行えるように、殊に食品乾
燥を能率良くかつ良好に行えるようにする事を目
的とする。 SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In view of the above circumstances, an object of the present invention is to easily and reliably uniformly heat an object to be processed, and in particular to dry food efficiently and satisfactorily.
次に、例示図により本発明の実施態様を説明す
る。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to illustrative figures.
第１図に示すように、密閉及び開放自在な乾燥
室１を形成するタンク１ａに、低温トラツプ２を
介して真空ポンプ３を連通させ、、被処理物を載
置するトレイ４に対して互いちがいに位置する状
態で、輻射加熱及び高周波加熱が可能な加熱板５
を乾燥室１内に並設し、そして、前記低温トラツ
プ２において、乾燥室１からの水蒸気を氷結させ
て捕捉するための冷却管２ａの一端側を、ポンプ
２ｂ及び冷却器２ｃを備えた供給管２ｄにより、
かつ、他端側を戻り管２ｅにより夫々冷媒貯槽２
ｆに接続して、フロン１２やフロン２２等の冷媒
を、冷却器２ｃで、タンク６から供給される液化
夫然ガス、液体窒素、液体炭酸等の低温液化ガス
により冷却した後、冷却管２ａに循環供給すべく
構成してある。 As shown in FIG. 1, a vacuum pump 3 is communicated with a tank 1a forming a drying chamber 1 that can be closed and opened via a low temperature trap 2, and a tray 4 on which a workpiece is placed is connected to the tank 1a. Heating plates 5 capable of radiant heating and high-frequency heating when positioned at different positions
are installed in parallel in the drying chamber 1, and in the low-temperature trap 2, one end side of the cooling pipe 2a for freezing and capturing water vapor from the drying chamber 1 is connected to a supply pipe equipped with a pump 2b and a cooler 2c. By the pipe 2d,
And the other end is connected to the refrigerant storage tank 2 by the return pipe 2e.
After cooling a refrigerant such as Freon 12 or Freon 22 with a low-temperature liquefied gas such as liquefied natural gas, liquid nitrogen, or liquid carbon dioxide supplied from the tank 6 in the cooler 2c, the cooling pipe 2a It is configured so that it can be supplied in circulation.
前記加熱板５を構成するに、第２図に示すよう
に、金属製の第１及び第２導管部分５ａ，５ｂに
わたる状態で形成した金属製加熱管部分５ｃの多
数を、平面状にかつ隙間の無い状態で並設し、、
加熱管部分５ｃの一端側を、一つおきに第１導管
部分５ａあるいは第２導管部分５ｂに、高周波通
過可能な開口５ｄにより接続すると共に、他端側
を、高周波通過を阻止する金網５ｅを張設した開
口により第２導管部分５ｂあるいは第１導管部分
５ａに接続し、そして、加熱管部分５ｃの夫々
に、被処理物に高周波を照射すべく、テフロンや
ガラス等の高周波通過可能な耐熱性気密材料で蓋
をした開口５ｆを、均等な高周波照射が可能なよ
うに金網張設側ほど巾が拡がる状態で設け、ま
た、両導管部分５ａ，５ｂに各別の高周波照射装
置７を接続すると共に、スチームや熱風等の加熱
流体を発生する装置８を供給管９により第１導管
部分５ａにかつ戻り管１０により第２導管部分５
ｂに接続してある。 To construct the heating plate 5, as shown in FIG. 2, a large number of metal heating tube portions 5c, which are formed so as to span the first and second metal conduit portions 5a and 5b, are arranged in a planar shape and with gaps. Installed in parallel without
One end of the heating tube section 5c is connected to the first conduit section 5a or the second conduit section 5b every other time through openings 5d that allow high frequency waves to pass therethrough, and the other end is connected to a wire mesh 5e that blocks the passage of high frequency waves. The opening is connected to the second conduit section 5b or the first conduit section 5a, and each of the heating tube sections 5c is made of a heat-resistant material such as Teflon or glass that can pass high frequency waves in order to irradiate the object to be treated with high frequency waves. An opening 5f covered with an airtight material is provided in such a manner that the width increases toward the wire mesh covering side so as to enable uniform high-frequency irradiation, and separate high-frequency irradiation devices 7 are connected to both conduit portions 5a and 5b. At the same time, a device 8 for generating a heated fluid such as steam or hot air is connected to the first conduit section 5a by a supply pipe 9 and to the second conduit section 5 by a return pipe 10.
It is connected to b.
前記加熱流体発生装置８及び高周波照射装置７
に対して、第１図に示すように、プログラム式自
動制御器１１を付設すると共に、高周波照射装置
７に対して、高周波照射に伴う乾燥室１内でのグ
ロー放電を検出する装置１２、並びに、その検出
装置１２からの情報に基づいてグロー放電を抑制
すべく高周波照射装置７の出力を除々に低下させ
るための自動制御器１３を付設してある。また、
前記真空ポンプ３に対して、前記乾燥室１内の圧
力を検出する装置１４、並びに、その検出装置１
４による検出値を設定範囲内に維持すべく真空ポ
ンプ３の排気量を自動調節する制御器１５を付設
すると共に、前記低温トラツプ２に対して、前記
冷却器２ｃからの冷媒の温度を検出する装置１
６、並びに、その検出装置１６による検出値を設
定範囲内に維持すべく冷却器２ｃへの低温液化ガ
ス供給量の制御弁１７を自動調節する制御器１８
を付設し、かつ、それら制御器１５，１８を前記
プログラム式自動制御器１１に連係してある。
尚、真空ポンプ３の排気量を自動調節するに、メ
カニカルブースターと油回転式真空ポンプを直列
接続し、メカニカルブースターのオンオフ制御を
自動的に行わせるようにする。 The heated fluid generating device 8 and the high frequency irradiation device 7
As shown in FIG. 1, a programmable automatic controller 11 is attached to the high-frequency irradiation device 7, and a device 12 for detecting glow discharge in the drying chamber 1 due to high-frequency irradiation is provided. An automatic controller 13 is provided to gradually reduce the output of the high frequency irradiation device 7 based on information from the detection device 12 in order to suppress glow discharge. Also,
A device 14 for detecting the pressure inside the drying chamber 1 for the vacuum pump 3, and a detection device 1 for the same
A controller 15 is attached to automatically adjust the displacement of the vacuum pump 3 to maintain the detected value by 4 within a set range, and also detects the temperature of the refrigerant from the cooler 2c with respect to the low temperature trap 2. Device 1
6, and a controller 18 that automatically adjusts the control valve 17 for the amount of low-temperature liquefied gas supplied to the cooler 2c in order to maintain the detected value by the detection device 16 within a set range.
The controllers 15 and 18 are connected to the programmable automatic controller 11.
In order to automatically adjust the displacement of the vacuum pump 3, a mechanical booster and an oil rotary vacuum pump are connected in series so that the on/off control of the mechanical booster is automatically performed.
次に、上記装置による真空凍結乾燥方法につい
て説明する。 Next, a vacuum freeze-drying method using the above apparatus will be explained.
凍結した被処理物を前記トレイ４に載置して乾
燥室１内に入れ、乾燥室１を密閉する。そして、
前記低温トラツプ２を作動させて、約−40℃の冷
媒を冷却管２ａに供給し、プログラム式自動制御
器１１によつて、前記真空ポンプ３を作動させ
て、乾燥室１内の圧力を0.1トールないし0.5トー
ルに維持すると共に、前記高周波照射装置７を停
止させた状態で前記加熱流体発生装置８を作動さ
せ、もつて、凍結した被処理物中の氷を輻射加熱
利用で昇華させて、水蒸気を低温トラツプ２で捕
捉しながら、かつ、プログラム式自動制御器１１
により加熱流体発生装置８の出力を適宜調節させ
て、被処理物の昇温をその変質が無いように抑制
しながら、輻射による大量入熱でもつて乾燥を行
う。そして、設定時間が経過すると、プログラム
式自動制御器１１によつて、高周波照射装置７を
作動させ、かつ、加熱流体発生装置８の出力を被
処理物の昇温による変質が生じないように適当に
低下させながら、被処理物内部の氷を高周波照射
により昇華させ、さらに、乾燥が完了するに足る
設定時間が経過すると、プログラム式自動制御器
１１により装置全体を停止させて、乾燥処理を完
了する。 The frozen object to be processed is placed on the tray 4 and placed in the drying chamber 1, and the drying chamber 1 is sealed. and,
The low-temperature trap 2 is activated to supply refrigerant at about -40°C to the cooling pipe 2a, and the programmable automatic controller 11 is activated to activate the vacuum pump 3 to reduce the pressure inside the drying chamber 1 to 0.1. torr to 0.5 torr, operate the heated fluid generator 8 with the high frequency irradiation device 7 stopped, and then sublimate the ice in the frozen object using radiation heating, While trapping water vapor with the low-temperature trap 2, the programmable automatic controller 11
By appropriately adjusting the output of the heated fluid generating device 8, drying is performed with a large amount of heat input by radiation while suppressing the temperature increase of the object to be treated so as not to change its quality. When the set time has elapsed, the programmable automatic controller 11 activates the high-frequency irradiation device 7 and adjusts the output of the heated fluid generator 8 appropriately to prevent deterioration due to temperature rise of the processed material. The ice inside the object to be treated is sublimated by high-frequency irradiation while the temperature is being lowered to a lower temperature, and when a set time sufficient to complete drying has elapsed, the entire apparatus is stopped by the programmable automatic controller 11 to complete the drying process. do.
上記高周波照射による乾燥において、前記グロ
ー放電検出装置１２によつて、高周波照射エネル
ギーの10％程度以上がグロー放電している事が検
出されると、前記自動制御器１３により高周波照
射装置７の出力を階段状あるいは連続的に除々に
低下させ、グロー放電に起因する不均一な加熱に
よる被処理物の部分的変質を防止する。 In the drying by high frequency irradiation, when the glow discharge detection device 12 detects that about 10% or more of the high frequency irradiation energy is glow discharge, the automatic controller 13 controls the output of the high frequency irradiation device 7. is gradually lowered in a stepwise or continuous manner to prevent partial deterioration of the object to be processed due to uneven heating caused by glow discharge.
尚、本発明は、各種食品を主たる乾燥対象物と
するが、その他、例えば医薬品等、各種のものを
対象にできる。 Although the present invention mainly targets various foods, it can also target various other products, such as pharmaceuticals.
前述のように、先ず輻射加熱による大量入熱を
図つた後で、高周波照射を輻射加熱と併用して行
うと、迅速に乾燥を行えて便利であるが、本発明
は、高周波照射を輻射加熱後単独で行つたり、あ
るいは、初めから終りまで高周波照射のみを行つ
たりする場合においても適用でき、また、各種構
成の輻射加熱手段あるいは高周波照射手段を利用
できる。 As mentioned above, it is convenient to first obtain a large amount of heat input through radiant heating and then perform high-frequency irradiation in combination with radiant heating, as drying can be performed quickly. It can also be applied to cases in which high-frequency irradiation is performed only afterward or only high-frequency irradiation is performed from beginning to end, and various configurations of radiation heating means or high-frequency irradiation means can be used.
前述のように、グロー放電検出装置１２に連係
する自動制御器１３によつて高周波照射装置７の
出力を調節させると、変質の無い良好な乾燥を容
易確実に行えて便利であるが、検出装置１３を利
用して人為的にグロー放電しているか否かを判断
して、設定状態以上のグロー放電が生じていれ
ば、そのグロー放電を抑制するように高周波照射
装置７の出力調節を人為的に行つてもよい。 As mentioned above, it is convenient to adjust the output of the high-frequency irradiation device 7 using the automatic controller 13 linked to the glow discharge detection device 12 because it can easily and reliably perform good drying without deterioration. 13 to determine whether or not glow discharge is occurring artificially, and if glow discharge exceeding the set state has occurred, the output of the high-frequency irradiation device 7 is artificially adjusted to suppress the glow discharge. You can go to
グロー放電を抑制するに、前記低温トラツプ２
における冷却器２ｃからの冷媒の温度を低下させ
る手段、並びに、前記真空ポンプ３の排気量を増
大する手段の一方あるいは両方を併用してもよ
い。 To suppress glow discharge, the low temperature trap 2
One or both of the means for lowering the temperature of the refrigerant from the cooler 2c and the means for increasing the displacement of the vacuum pump 3 may be used in combination.
以上要するに、本第１発明は、冒記方法におい
て、高周波照射に伴うグロー放電を、乾燥室１に
備えられた検出装置１２により検出して、グロー
放電を抑制するように高周波照射出力を除々に低
下させる事を特徴とする。 In summary, the first invention uses the method described above to detect glow discharge accompanying high-frequency irradiation using the detection device 12 provided in the drying chamber 1, and gradually reduce the high-frequency irradiation output so as to suppress the glow discharge. It is characterized by lowering
すなわち、高周波照射による真空凍結乾燥にお
いて加熱が不均一になりやすい原因を追究したと
ころ、乾燥室１内において水蒸気や空気等のガス
がイオン化してグロー放電が生じ、高周波照射エ
ネルギーの10％程度以上がグロー放電すると、乾
燥物の変質や変色において実害が生じる事を見出
したのであり、この知見に基づいて、上述のよう
に、グロー放電を装置的に検出して、高周波照射
出力を調節する事により、変質や変色を十分に抑
制した良好な乾燥を容易確実に行えるに至つたの
である。その結果、殊に食品の乾燥を栄養や香り
を損わないでかつ能率良く行わせられるようにな
つた。 In other words, when we investigated the reason why heating tends to be uneven in vacuum freeze-drying using high-frequency irradiation, we found that gases such as water vapor and air are ionized in the drying chamber 1, causing glow discharge, which accounts for about 10% or more of the high-frequency irradiation energy. It was discovered that glow discharge causes actual damage in deterioration and discoloration of dried materials.Based on this knowledge, as described above, glow discharge can be detected mechanically and the high-frequency irradiation output can be adjusted. This has made it possible to easily and reliably perform good drying that sufficiently suppresses deterioration and discoloration. As a result, it has become possible to dry foods particularly efficiently without losing nutrition or flavor.
また、本第２発明による真空凍結乾燥装置は、
乾燥室１に、被処理物に対する高周波照射装置
７、並びに、高周波照射に伴うグロー放電を検出
する装置１２を設け、前記検出装置１２からの情
報に基づいてグロー放電を抑制すべく前記高周波
照射装置７の出力を除々に低下させるための自動
制御器１３を設けてある事を特徴とする。 Further, the vacuum freeze-drying apparatus according to the second invention includes:
The drying chamber 1 is provided with a high-frequency irradiation device 7 for the object to be treated, and a device 12 for detecting glow discharge accompanying high-frequency irradiation, and the high-frequency irradiation device is configured to suppress glow discharge based on information from the detection device 12. The present invention is characterized in that an automatic controller 13 is provided to gradually reduce the output of 7.
すなわち、前記自動制御器１３によつて、優秀
な本第１発明による方法を確実に行わせる事がで
き、機能面及び実用面において極めて便利な装置
を提供できた。 That is, the automatic controller 13 enables the excellent method according to the first invention to be carried out reliably, and provides an extremely convenient device in terms of function and practicality.
図面は本発明に係る真空凍結乾燥方法、並び
に、その方法に使用する装置の実施の態様を例示
し、第１図はフローシート、第２図は加熱板を示
す概略説明図である。
１……乾燥室、７……高周波照射装置、１２…
…グロー放電検出装置、１３……自動制御器。
The drawings illustrate embodiments of the vacuum freeze-drying method and the apparatus used in the method according to the present invention, and FIG. 1 is a flow sheet and FIG. 2 is a schematic explanatory diagram showing a heating plate. 1...Drying room, 7...High frequency irradiation device, 12...
...Glow discharge detection device, 13...Automatic controller.
Claims (1)
法であつて、高周波照射に伴うグロー放電を、乾
燥室に備えられた検出装置１２により検出して、
グロー放電を抑制するように高周波照射出力を
除々に低下させる事を特徴とする真空凍結乾燥方
法。 ２ 乾燥室１に、被処理物に対する高周波照射装
置７、並びに、高周波照射に伴うグロー放電を検
出する装置１２を設け、前記検出装置１２からの
情報に基づいてグロー放電を抑制すべく前記高周
波照射装置７の出力を除々に低下させるための自
動制御器１３を設けてある事を特徴とする真空凍
結乾燥装置。[Scope of Claims] 1. A vacuum freeze-drying method in which a workpiece is irradiated with high frequency waves, in which glow discharge accompanying the high frequency irradiation is detected by a detection device 12 provided in a drying chamber,
A vacuum freeze-drying method characterized by gradually reducing high-frequency irradiation output so as to suppress glow discharge. 2. The drying chamber 1 is provided with a high-frequency irradiation device 7 for the workpiece and a device 12 for detecting glow discharge accompanying high-frequency irradiation, and the high-frequency irradiation is performed to suppress glow discharge based on information from the detection device 12. A vacuum freeze-drying device characterized by being equipped with an automatic controller 13 for gradually reducing the output of the device 7.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10220680A JPS5726380A (en) | 1980-07-23 | 1980-07-23 | Vacuum refrigeration drying method and apparatus used therefor |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10220680A JPS5726380A (en) | 1980-07-23 | 1980-07-23 | Vacuum refrigeration drying method and apparatus used therefor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS5726380A JPS5726380A (en) | 1982-02-12 |
| JPS635069B2 true JPS635069B2 (en) | 1988-02-02 |
Family
ID=14321185
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP10220680A Granted JPS5726380A (en) | 1980-07-23 | 1980-07-23 | Vacuum refrigeration drying method and apparatus used therefor |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5726380A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102226635B (en) * | 2011-06-09 | 2013-02-27 | 四川宏普微波科技有限公司 | Microwave continuous freeze-drying device |
-
1980
- 1980-07-23 JP JP10220680A patent/JPS5726380A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS5726380A (en) | 1982-02-12 |
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