JPS63502575A - A member device forming a part of a fluid machine and a method for manufacturing the member - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] ・The location of the part that indicates - and its location. The material is removed from the wood This invention applies to fluid-operated member devices such as propellers, turbines, and It forms part of a turbo-mechanical device such as a fan, is fixed to the hub of the device, and is mainly composed of polymers. This invention relates to feathers, wings, etc. made of composite materials.

of the mouth It is known in the art to manufacture propellers from reinforced plastic parts. for example , a salvage vessel is equipped with ports reinforced with 25 percent long-fiber glass fiber. It is equipped with a propeller coated with urethane. Manufactured with polyvinyl alcohol It starts with a preformed mat that is hardened by a mold.

The preformed mat is placed in a mold and polyurethane is injected into the mold. This person According to the method, the strength against deformation is almost equal to that of a bronze propeller, and the same Sometimes products are obtained that are only one-sixth the weight of the corresponding metal propeller.

From U.S. Pat. No. 3,883,267, a core of metal and several layers of synthetic fiber material Turbomachinery devices with blades or wings consisting of coating layers are well known. outside the feather The part located on the side is the metal core, which is made of metal compared to plastic accessories. The root of the vane is formed with the advantage of being an accessory. Each layer of synthetic fiber is one layer of main The angle included between the direction and the axis of the vane is the deepest layer or layer closest to the core. from the maximum value for the outermost layer or the layer closest to the surface of the blade. arranged to decrease the value. Thereby, the interface between the metal core and the synthetic fiber material It attempts to suppress the force generated by mechanical stress and temperature fluctuations occurring on the surface. be.

According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,022,547, a motor such as a compressor or fan Blades for aircraft-type machines are made by coating or gluing several layers of fiber laminates. manufactured by The fibers of at least some portion of the laminate are arranged in a direction relative to the chord. That is, the centerline of the non-radiating vane is inclined in the fore-aft direction, and therefore.

The oblique laminate formed at the center of rotation of the blade is inclined in the front-rear direction of the axis of the radial blade. ing. This significantly increases the blade torsion frequency. In one embodiment , the fibers do not extend from the leading edge of the blade to the tip of the blade, but instead extend from the front of the blade to the tip of the blade. It is angled in such a way that it extends from the edge to the base of the blade. This orientation reduces tension. The hub that supports each blade transmits tension to the base of the root, making it easier to absorb and dissipate tension. can be done.

The purpose of arranging the fibers in the manner described above is to ensure that during operation of a propeller made of the aforementioned material, The aim is to suppress any deformation that may occur as quickly as possible.

Propellers are unlikely to operate under uniform and predictable conditions. operating condition The condition is often disturbed or partially altered. This means that it is the state of the propeller Problems arise when related to Propellers are the best way to deal with these disturbances and changes in the situation. Leading to the fact that it is impossible to operate in such conditions.

This turbulence can be caused by special problems such as cavitation, vibration or noise during ship propulsion. often causes problems. Therefore, in order for the propeller to withstand the conditions encountered, It is necessary to select the propeller coupling structure and adapt it to the situation. However, this This means that it is not possible to impart optimal characteristics to the propeller. this question Various methods can be taken to solve the problem. Therefore, the magnitude of vibration is reduced, Release the tip of the propeller blade from the load, or change the pitch of the blade depending on the load. The purpose is to use a propeller with tiltable blades that can be tilted. It is possible to take such measures.

These means require high cost and low efficiency due to this moving part to obtain the desired effect. and cause a reduction in reliability.

lightest and most important It is an object of the invention to provide improved characteristics in view of the above points. So For example, when the operating load increases, the propeller blades are automatically adjusted to the optimal pitch. By doing so, cavitation is prevented or reduced. Other purposes are The aim is to reduce weight without the need for stand-up or post-processing, and therefore low cost. You can get rank. Furthermore, the components do not corrode.

drawing skin respect An embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying drawings.

FIG. 1 is a partially sectional front view of a propeller according to the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a line shown in FIG. 3 and 4 show the deformed propeller and the undeformed propeller. Figures 5 and 6, which show the outline shape of the roper, show the deformed blade part and FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the contour shape of a cross section of an undeformed blade, and FIG. FIG.

1 side 1 counterfeit Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained by applying it to a propeller, particularly a propeller for a ship. but Of course, the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.

According to the invention, the flexibility of the plastic material gives the propeller the desired properties. It is used for materials with anisotropic properties, i.e. physical This is accomplished by making the propeller from materials with different physical properties, which are reinforced - -Achieved by applying it to certain parts. That is, in some parts The reinforcing members are applied in such a way that they face the same direction, and the reinforcing members in some other area are This is achieved by extending in different directions relative to corresponding members of other parts.

Furthermore, by applying the propeller geometry to the current state, the Propellers with advanced characteristics can be obtained.

FIG. 1 shows a propeller constructed in accordance with the present invention.

This propeller, generally designated 1, is coupled by known means to a hub 2, with a central It is fitted with a metal bushing and starts from the hub.

For example, a plurality of members such as propeller blades protrude. In manufacturing propellers Therefore, the propeller shown in Figure 1 has several reinforcement parts in view of the loads to which it is exposed. It is divided into 4, 5, and 6 parts, and its variations are permitted or even desired. this In this way, reinforcement of a part depends on a certain quality, fiber type, fiber length and consists of a quantity and is oriented in a certain direction, while in other parts The reinforcing material has other properties, properties, quality, directionality, etc. This kind of reinforcement The method allows for an inward concentration of reinforcement, e.g. It is possible to make the beam 4 have a lower profile. This means that the end of the vane is more In this way, the bending moment will be reduced under the working load. It can be accomplished. The beam 4 is selected to extend past the root of the vane to the hub 2. . The beam 4 is rigid with respect to the rest of the vane, but has an external laminate cooperating with said beam. 5, that is, the outside of the vane is not rigid in the transverse direction of the beam. In this way, the feather The trailing edge of the root is capable of bending and rotation when the load increases above normal values. rear Bending towards the front and rotation of the trailing edge can be avoided by properly designing the reinforcement. resulting in a rotation of the leading edge, which changes the angle of attack of the fluid, i.e. The pitch of is thus changed in the negative direction as well as in the positive direction. Therefore, the difference To control the flexibility of the blade in the direction of the change in direction, to change the center of rotation of one blade, Alternatively, it is possible to distribute the rotation in one or several rotation parts, and this to handle deformations during these loading periods in a controlled manner. Can be done. Furthermore, by changing the geometric shape of the blade, the characteristics of the blade can be improved. Can be effectively controlled.

The dashed line 7 in FIG. 1 clearly shows the contour of the vane as it occurs under normal loading. one On the other hand, solid line 8 indicates that the blade has deformed due to the increase in load, that is, the pitch of the blade has decreased. The leading edge of the vane is shown in a similar situation.

In order to complete the propeller with the desired properties, the reinforcements 4 to 6 are modified according to the invention. It is selected and distributed according to the law, ie, the deformations that occur during operation. That is, a) The pitch of the propeller blades decreases when the load increases, and the pitch of the propeller blades decreases when the increased load decreases. After a short time, it returns to its initial position.

b) The radius of curvature of each vane when the load increases changes in the direction of decreased lift.

C) The vane is deformed in the direction of lift when the load increases.

d) The blade rotation axis is arranged as close to the leading edge as possible.

e) Since the natural frequency of the blade is high, there is no risk of resonance occurring, and the blade is free from transient negative effects. It can also deform due to changes in load.

The geometric outline of the vane is applied as follows.

a) The part of the blade far from the center of rotation generates a rotational moment and has an inclination to turn the propeller. There is a direction. Therefore, the pitch decreases as the load increases.

b) Each part of the blade is subjected to a bending moment, which bends when the load increases. Sometimes, for the purpose of reducing the pitch of the blade, the torsional moment of each part of the blade is In order to produce a propeller according to the invention that is thicker, it is possible to produce a propeller according to the invention in a known manner, i.e. Surface gelcoat or reinforced mat, e.g. fibers extending in the same direction as the outer laminate. For example, a desired mold can be made using a nonwoven layer in the fiber direction. Internal reinforcement is 1 It can be more than one beam. It is made in a prefabricated manner, and its fiber direction is shown in Figure 7. In other words, it can extend helically along the contour of the beam.

Mathematical calculations and practical tests show that woven glass fabrics with the material properties given below are , giving a fiber orientation of 20 to 35°, preferably 26° with respect to the Z-Z axis in FIG. It is appropriate that the beam 4 has an extension direction and an axis of rotation of the beam 4.

Longitudinal stiffness E=36.0OOGPa Lateral stiffness E=12.0OOGPa Rigidity coefficient G = 4.0000Pa Poisson's ratio V=0.1 The reinforcing members are preferably added manually at pre-calculated locations, but 1 It can also be made in split molds. but.

In general, both methods are applied to the parts where loads occur and where the propeller blades themselves deform. It was established before the production of minutes. Then, reinforcement is applied, casting and heat treatment The process (solidification) is completed.

The pitch of the propeller is rotated by 54° compared to the undeformed propeller according to Figure 3. It is being

Large amounts of reinforcement are not required in these parts of the propeller due to resistance. Not yet. In a known manner, for example, sand inch structures, plastic foam, Or other similar materials can be used as fillers. By doing so, feathers The natural frequency of the roots increases, the number of overlapping blades decreases, and material consumption decreases.

FIGI FgG2 ■ FIG 5 FIG6 international search report

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1. Elements forming part of turbo-type machines such as propellers, turbines, fans, etc. (1 ), such as vanes, wings, etc., arranged on the hub (2) of the The member (3) is made of a composite material mainly composed of a polymer, and the member (3) is made of a composite material mainly composed of a polymer. made of a reinforced material having at least anisotropic properties, said member (3) having a reinforced portion (6) and/or beams (4) and shell-shaped external laminates (5). ), wherein the reinforcement is such that under an actuating load, the member is The changes in each member are caused by loads and strains, which Therefore, the pitch of the blade changes as the load increases while various loads are applied. They are arranged and oriented so that root uplift forces can be varied in an optimal manner. A component device characterized by: 2. According to claim (1), e.g. blades, blades, etc., actuated by liquid, propellers. , a hub (2) which is an element forming part of a turbo-type machine such as a turbine or a fan. A method for manufacturing components made of composite materials mainly composed of polymers. method, wherein the member (3) is a reinforcing material having at least partially anisotropic properties. The reinforcement consists of a reinforcement section (6) and/or a beam (4). provided as internal reinforcement and external reinforcement in shell-shaped external laminates (5). and the reinforcing material is such that the portion of each blade located farthest from the center of rotation of the member is When the load increases, the propeller tries to rotate to reduce the pitch of the blades. A manufacturing method characterized by being arranged and oriented to create a rotational moment. Construction method. 3. The selected part of the member (3) is such that the bending moment is a rotational moment with respect to that part. Claims characterized in that: The method described in section 2. 4. The reinforcement ensures that selected parts of the member (3) are aligned in the direction of the uplift force when the load is increased. Claims characterized in that they are arranged to be deformed and balanced. The method according to item 2 or 3. 5. The internal reinforcements (4, 6) of the member (3) are concentrated or concentrated at the leading edge of the member facing the fluid. are arranged in close proximity and are preferably shaped as beams (4) constituting the center of rotation of the machine. 2. A device according to claim 1, characterized in that the device is made of: 6. The beam is rigid and the external laminate (5) forming the external shell of the member is attached to the beam. has a low stiffness in the lateral direction and therefore the increase in load on the member is due to the radius of curvature. 6. Device according to claim 5, characterized in that it produces a reduction. 7. The direction of the fibers (β) in the reinforcement (4, 5, 6) is relative to the rotation axis of the member (3). and are arranged at an angle of 20 to 35°, preferably an angle of 26°. An apparatus according to claim 5 or 6.