JPS63283553A - Production of sterilized blood powder - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To enable thoroughly sterilization of dried blood components without any adverse effect on solubility in water, thermal coagulation and gel strength, by bringing native dried blood components into contact with super-heated steam in a prescribed time and separating the blood components from the super-heated steam and cooling the blood components immediately after separation. CONSTITUTION:Native dried blood components which have been obtained from blood and contain 3-12wt.% of initial water such as dried plasma or dried serum are sent through feeder 10 into sterilizer 9. The shaft 9c for the sterilizer 9 is rotated to rotate the agitation blades 9b at a high speed. At the same time, valve 7 for pipe 33 is opened to feed super-heated steam at 120-180 deg.C from super-heater 13 into the sterilizer 9 to bring the dried blood components into direct contact with super-heated steam to maintain complete contact for 5-20sec to effect instant sterilization of the dried blood components. Then, the blood components are separated from super-heated steam with cyclone 32, then immediately cooled down with cooler 25 to 110 deg.c. Thus, the components can avoid the reduction in gel strength.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention "Industrial Application Field" The present invention is directed to the production of foods or products from undenatured dried blood components such as dried plasma, dried blood, dried blood cells, or dried whole blood obtained from animal blood by low-temperature drying. The present invention relates to a method for producing blood powder that can be heat-sterilized and used as a processing material for foods, medicines, etc. without impairing its properties.

"Prior Art and Problems" As is well known, blood from slaughtered cows, pigs, etc. is high in protein and low in fat, and the amino acid composition contained in the protein is nutritionally excellent.

However, if we look at the state of use of blood from slaughtered animals, only a small portion of it is manufactured using simple processing methods such as boiling and coagulation to produce low-quality blood, and is used for fertilizer or feed. At present, most of the waste water is treated unused, creating a huge burden on wastewater treatment.

Therefore, in recent years, from the viewpoint of effective use of by-products of livestock animals and modernization of slaughterhouses, in addition to the excellent nutritional value of blood components, blood components that take advantage of their excellent physical properties for food processing have been developed. As a processing method, blood is separated into blood cells and plasma using a centrifuge, or fibrin is removed from the blood, the blood is separated into blood cells and serum using a centrifuge, and the separated parts are spray-dried. BACKGROUND ART A method of obtaining blood powder as a dried product without denaturing proteins by low-temperature drying such as freeze drying or vacuum drying has been provided.
Among the blood powder obtained by this method, for example, plasma or serum
It has a pale yellow color and the gel strength is that of dried blood powder.
For example, pig plasma has a concentration of 300 g/cut or more, and bovine blood has a concentration of 5 g/cut or more.
00g/cd or more, it can be used as an additive for foods where viscoelasticity, texture, texture, etc. are important. For example, it can be effectively used as an egg white substitute.

However, in the conventional method, sterilization by temperature cannot be considered because the concentration and drying temperature is low, and the obtained plasma or serum product contains a large number of general viable bacteria of approximately 10'-10'' per gram. In addition, the number of heat-resistant spore bacteria was more than 103 cases/g, and the number of coliform bacteria was also positive, which posed a problem in terms of safety as a food.

When blood powder is used as food or a processing material for foods, medicines, etc.
What requires the most attention is contamination by microorganisms. To this end, it is necessary to adopt a hygienic blood collection method in the blood collection process to obtain the raw material for blood powder, and also to prevent the contamination of external microorganisms and the growth of microorganisms within the process in the subsequent separation and drying process. It is important to suppress lift. However, it is difficult to completely suppress these microorganisms during the manufacturing process.

Therefore, it is important to sterilize the obtained blood powder, and gas sterilization using ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, etc. has been known as one of the conventional methods for sterilizing blood powder. This sterilization method causes little protein denaturation and enables sterilization without reducing blood meal solubility or gel strength, but the problem of residual toxicity of the gas used remains unsolved. Other sterilization methods include heat sterilization. Although this sterilization method is excellent from a hygienic standpoint, thermal denaturation of proteins occurs, resulting in a decrease in physical properties such as gel strength, and a significant decrease in the commercial value of blood meal.

By the way, prior to the present invention, the present applicant determined the water solubility (solubility) of blood components such as blood or plasma,
A method for obtaining a sterilized dry product without reducing thermal coagulability by more than 50% was proposed (Japanese Patent Publication No. 1983-15). In this method, blood or each blood component separated by a centrifuge or the like is dried at low temperature to produce a dried product with a moisture content of 30% by weight or less, and the dried product is made into a dried product with a moisture content of 8% or less.
It is heated to a temperature of 0 to 160 °C and sterilized,
No consideration was given to gel strength, which is a physical property of an additive in which viscoelasticity, stiffness, texture, etc. are important.

Gel strength is a phenomenon different from solubility (water solubility) and thermocoagulability.For example, blood cells are reddish-brown in color and have a nutritionally superior composition similar to plasma and serum. In terms of dry matter, it is about 90% and 7% of plasma and serum.
This is superior compared to 0 to 75%. However, blood cells do not inherently have gel strength, and even if solubility and heat coagulation properties can be maintained when dry plasma or serum products are obtained, the dried products that are heated and coagulated are crumbly and soft. It is often impossible to measure gel strength. parable,
Even if the solubility can be maintained at about 80% when obtaining a dry product, the gel strength will be significantly reduced.

Therefore, as a method for equally sterilizing blood powder made by drying all types of blood components, including not only whole blood and blood cell components, but also plasma components and serum components, it is necessary to sterilize the water-soluble blood powder after processing. It must be a method that not only does not impair thermal coagulation properties but also maintains gel strength.

As a result of various studies in view of the above circumstances, the present inventors have determined that dried blood components (blood powder) having gel strength such as plasma and serum obtained by the above-mentioned low temperature drying are dried at an initial moisture content of 3 to 12% by weight. , contact with superheated steam at 120 to 180° C., maintain complete contact between the superheated steam and the dried blood component for 5 to 20 seconds, separate the superheated steam and the dried blood component, and dry immediately after separation. It has been found that if the blood component is cooled to 110° C. or lower, its gel strength hardly decreases and it is effective in sterilizing not only general viable bacteria and coliform bacteria but also heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria.

The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and its purpose is to improve blood meal's general viable bacteria, Escherichia coli, and heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria without causing any decrease in not only water solubility and heat coagulation properties but also gel strength. An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing blood meal that can be sterilized (commercial sterilization).

"Means for Solving the Problems" The method for producing blood meal according to the present invention is characterized in that the initial moisture obtained from blood is reduced to 120% by weight of undenatured dried blood components of 3 to 12% by weight.
~180℃ superheated steam (Superheated St
After maintaining complete contact between the superheated steam and the dried blood components for 5 to 20 seconds, the superheated steam and the dried blood components are separated, and immediately after separation, the dried blood components are heated to 110°C or below. This method is characterized by cooling to .

``Effect'' According to the above method, all types of undenatured dried blood components, including not only dried whole blood and dried blood cells obtained by low-temperature drying, but also dried plasma and dried serum, can be extracted by their water solubility and heat. Not only does it not impair coagulability, but it also becomes possible to sufficiently sterilize the gel without reducing its gel strength.

In the sterilization of blood powder, if the conditions allow dry plasma and dried serum to be sterilized without reducing their gel strength, the water solubility of blood powder necessary for sterilization of dried blood cells and dried whole blood, Maintenance of thermal coagulability is also automatically ensured based on processing conditions. Therefore, in the following examples, dried plasma will mainly be used as the undenatured dried blood component.

"Example" As shown in Fig. 6, blood is hygienically collected from a domestic animal 1 using a cannula-like knife, and at the same time an anticoagulant such as a sodium citrate aqueous solution in an anticoagulant tank 2 is immediately applied to the blood. For example, about 0.5% by weight of sodium citrate is mixed to prevent blood coagulation.

The collected blood is passed through a strainer 3 to remove contaminants such as meat pieces, fat pieces, and hair, and then temporarily stored in a test tank 4. While the blood was stored in the inspection tank 4, the carcasses were inspected for the presence of diseased animals, and only blood that was confirmed to be hygienic was passed through the next heat exchanger 5 and cooled. Then, send it to centrifuge 6. Separation is performed using this high-speed continuous centrifuge 6, and the light liquid portion is recovered as plasma liquid and the heavy liquid portion is recovered as blood cell liquid. The obtained plasma solution is sent to the next plasma vacuum low-temperature dryer 7, where the product temperature is preferably kept at 40°C or less at the stage where the concentration of the plasma solution is low, and the concentration is lowered to 50°C.
Even when the temperature exceeds 50% by weight, drying is performed at a low temperature while keeping the product temperature below 50°C, and care is taken to prevent proteins in the plasma from being thermally denatured. The degree of drying in the vacuum low-temperature dryer 7 is adjusted taking into account the sterilization step of the next step, and the drying is stopped at an appropriate moisture level. The dried plasma powder is usually pulverized by a pulverizer 8 to about 60 mesh particles.

In addition, when obtaining dried serum instead of dried plasma, gently stir the capture element etc. in the blood to remove the entangled fibrin in the blood, and then separate it into serum liquid and blood cell liquid using a centrifuge. Alternatively, the plasma separated by a centrifuge is stored in a storage tank for a while, the fibrin is coagulated, and the coagulated fibrin is removed using a sieve, filtration, or strainer to obtain a serum solution. may be dried in a vacuum low temperature dryer in the same manner as above.

In order to effectively carry out the present invention, it is important to take common-sense precautions regarding the handling of foods containing proteins in the blood collection step, separation step, and drying step before the next step, the sterilization step. In other words, when collecting blood, be careful to prevent microorganisms from getting into the blood, and after collecting blood, cool it sufficiently, preferably below 4°C, to prevent the growth of microorganisms in the blood after blood collection. It is important to do so.

In addition, in the separation process, the temperature of the blood increases in the centrifuge, so the storage tank (not shown) that stores the separated liquid is heated again
Preferably, it is cooled to below .degree. In the drying process, it is necessary to heat both plasma and serum fluids to evaporate water, but at this time, keep the product temperature below 50°C, preferably below 40°C, at a temperature that does not cause protein denaturation. It is necessary to avoid climbing as much as possible. Plasma fluid and serum fluid have a low solid concentration of about 8% by weight before drying begins, but care must be taken because the lower the concentration, the more likely protein denaturation will occur due to temperature. % concentration, it is better to keep the product temperature as low as possible.

Dried plasma and dried serum produced as described above, including dried whole blood, correspond to undenatured dried blood components (hereinafter simply referred to as dried blood components) of the present invention, and both have a solubility of 90% or more. and the plasma powder gel strength is
500g/cd or more for cows, 300g/cd for pigs
cd or higher, which varies slightly depending on the type of slaughter, but has a high value and is an intermediate product with very excellent physical properties. However, in terms of the number of microorganisms, approximately 1 per gram of blood meal.
In many cases, a large number of microorganisms, ranging from 0.3 to 101, are contained.

Subsequently, the dried plasma and dried serum are placed in a heat sterilizer 9 where they are brought into direct contact with superheated steam. Heat sterilization here refers to commercial sterilization, which sterilizes microorganisms to the extent that it does not cause any problems when used as an ingredient in food.
5terilization). In other words, commercial sterilization is performed to reduce the number of viable bacteria, heat-resistant spore bacteria, and coliform bacteria without significantly reducing physical properties such as gel strength, which are extremely important physical properties for the commercial value of dried plasma and dried serum. It also includes producing blood powder that is hygienic and has excellent physical properties such as gel strength.

The degree of commercial sterilization is based on the food microbiological composition standards stipulated by the Food Sanitation Act, but the number of bacteria allowed varies depending on the type and composition of the food, as well as each stage of the manufacturing process. . In this example, the number of general viable bacteria, the number of heat-resistant spore bacteria, and the number of coliform bacteria are reduced, preferably as of December 19, 1982.
Date: 1985 due to revisions to specifications and standards for foods, food additives, etc. pursuant to Ministry of Health and Welfare Ordinance No. 58 and Ministry of Health and Welfare Notification No. 221
The general viable bacteria count is 104 cases/g or less, and the heat-resistant spore count is 3000 cases/g, as listed as the voluntary inspection standard for products with sterilization process in Attachment 3 of the notification dated January 18, 2019, “Handling at the 3rd blood processing facility”. Below, the number of coliform bacteria is aimed to be below the negative level, preferably the number of general viable bacteria is 300 cases/g or less, the number of heat-resistant spore bacteria is 20 cases/g or less, and the number of coliform bacteria is determined by the most probable number method (M, P, N method) 30 pieces/100
The goal is to make it less than g. In addition, the number of general viable bacteria shown above is 300 careg or less, and the number of heat-resistant spore bacteria is 2.
0/g or less, coliform count 30/100g or less (M
,P.

N method) is a method that is conventionally expressed as negative when measuring the number of bacteria in food.

Next, an outline of the method for measuring the gel strength described above is shown below.

First, blood powder is dissolved in distilled water to prepare a solution with a solid content of 10%. This was filled into a vinylidene chloride tube with a diameter of 30 aon, and the tube was degassed from the top using a vacuum pump. Next, this tube is sealed and heated and solidified in a water bath at a temperature of 90 degrees for 30 minutes.

After heating and solidifying, the sample was cooled to 15° C., the vinylidene chloride tube was peeled off, and the cylindrical sample was cut into a length of 30+++o and the breaking point was measured using a rheometer.

In addition, in the experiment example described later, NRM-20 manufactured by Real Estate Industry Co., Ltd.
02J, a disk type plunger (for viscoelasticity) with a diameter of 1.5 am was used as an adapter. - Measure the sample 5 times, exclude the highest and lowest values, calculate the average value of the three measured values, and calculate the gel strength using the following formula.

Gel strength (g/c+t) Load at breaking point of sample (g) Pushing surface area of plunger (cut) Possible. Therefore, the above equation can also be expressed as:

Gel strength (g/cj) = Rheometer-measured average value (%>xtoo% index load) The main points in the technical configuration of this sterilization process are maintaining an appropriate product temperature and time during heat sterilization, and maintaining the sterilization target. There is an adjustment of the initial moisture content of the dried blood components.

Each of these items will be explained in detail below.

(1) Temperature of superheated steam The temperature of superheated steam used during sterilization is 120 to 180°C,
Preferably, it is appropriate to use a temperature of 140 to 160°C.

The number of microorganisms such as general viable bacteria, heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria, and coliform bacteria contained in dried blood components increases due to the season, the blood collection method, and the formation of spores by the bacteria in the blood collection.

In addition, - the shipowner's bacterial count and coliform bacteria concentration may be lower than that of blood cells if the carcass is not washed sufficiently during blood collection or the quality of plasma and serum fluid is high when stored. Therefore, proliferation during storage increases significantly.

The difficulty of sterilizing dried blood components depends on the number of microorganisms, but it is more due to differences in the types of bacteria. Generally, as the number of microorganisms increases, it becomes more difficult to sterilize the microorganisms to a predetermined bacterial count level, and it is also difficult to sterilize heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria by heat sterilization. If the number of microorganisms in these dried blood components is small and the microorganisms are easy to sterilize, superheated steam at about 120°C may be sufficient to achieve the purpose, but if the number of microorganisms is large,
In the case of microorganisms that are difficult to sterilize, superheated steam at about 180°C may be necessary. The temperature of the superheated steam is preferably 140 to 160°C, depending on how difficult it is to use, but taking into account the reduction in gel strength. When setting the temperature of superheated steam, it is important to minimize deterioration in quality and meet the purpose of commercial sterilization.

The pressure of supersaturated steam is 0.3 to 0.4 g/cd in gauge pressure when using superheated steam of 140 to 160 °C in the above device. There is no particular limit to the pressure range of the superheated steam, but since there is a slight temperature drop inside the sterilizer body, the pressure must be set taking into account the enthalpy of the superheated steam so that the superheated steam does not become saturated. It is preferable to use superheated steam with as high a degree of superheating (dryness) as possible. In order to prevent saturation, in addition to pressure settings, it is also necessary to adjust the amount of blood powder filled into the sterilizer.

Problems caused by saturation of superheated steam include the influence on the gel strength due to fluctuations in the moisture content of the dried blood components, as well as the adhesion of sterilized dried blood components (blood powder) to the pressure delivery piping due to condensation. There is a concern that microbial growth and contamination may occur again at the adhesion site.

(ii) Initial Moisture of Dried Blood Components The initial moisture content of dried blood components is unfavorable in terms of sterilizing effect and strong gel properties.

In the case of the present invention, in which direct contact with superheated steam is made for a short period of time, the effect on physical properties is less than that in the case of indirect heating for a long period of sterilization, but since the gel strength and sterilization effect are affected by initial moisture, If the moisture content is not maintained within this range, it will not be possible to maintain high quality in terms of physical properties and at the same time exhibit a bactericidal effect. The initial moisture range at which effective sterilization can be carried out without reducing gel strength is 3 to 12% by weight, preferably 4 to 10% by weight, and more preferably around 7% by weight.

When the moisture content of the dried blood component is 3% by weight or less, it is desirable to carry out spray humidification, stir and mix well, increase the humidity to a predetermined moisture level, and then perform superheat sterilization.

In addition, in this specification, the upper limit of the initial moisture content suitable for sterilization, which is expressed by the following formula, is controlled in the dryer, and the drying is stopped when the moisture content of the blood meal reaches the target value. preferable. In view of the difficulty in adjusting dry moisture, it is easier to adjust the dry moisture using a low-temperature vacuum dryer than using a spray dryer. In order to effectively carry out the present invention, it is important to consider the pretreatment process as described above.

Plasma fluid and serum fluid have a solid content concentration of 8% by weight (water content of 92%), although there are slight differences depending on the type of animal and season.
). When drying plasma and serum solutions, keep the product temperature at a low temperature at the low concentration stage (more than 50% water by weight).
It is important to prevent the gel strength from decreasing during the drying stage and to stop the drying process with an appropriate amount of moisture for the next sterilization process.

(iii) Particle size of blood powder A spray dryer or an agitating vacuum dryer is used to dry plasma and serum fluid, which are blood components with gel strength. (blood components) have irregular particle sizes, and due to the sterilization effect, dried blood components may be contaminated if they are ground in advance to 60 mesh or less, and if the particle size of the blood powder is too large, There are cases where the amount of heat transferred to the inside is reduced and the sterilization effect is not good. It is difficult to adjust the particle size of dried blood powder depending on the type of dryer, and in the case of a spray dryer, it is possible to adjust the particle size to a fairly fine particle size by adjusting the rotation speed of the rotating disk and the nozzle particle size. Although it is possible, in general, in the case of a vacuum low temperature dryer, the particle size of dried blood powder is irregular. As the particle size of the dried blood powder increases, heat transfer to the next part becomes worse, and in order to achieve sufficient sterilization, it is necessary to raise the temperature of the superheated steam or increase the time of direct contact, which will reduce the gel strength. decrease becomes greater. In order to eliminate such drawbacks, after being fed into the main body of the sterilizer, the temperature is 120~180℃, usually 15℃.
Since sterilization is performed by direct contact with superheated steam at around 0° C., the heat transfer effect is extremely good, and the temperature of the dried blood component reaches a point close to the temperature of superheated steam. Since sterilization by complete contact with superheated steam is completed in a very short time of 5 to 20 seconds, keeping the dried blood components at such high temperatures thereafter causes a decrease in gel strength.

Although sterilization occurs very quickly at high temperatures such as the temperature of the superheated steam used, gel strength decreases rapidly, so immediately after sterilization is completed, the gel must be cooled to a predetermined temperature below which no decrease in gel strength will occur. There is a need to.

As a result of various studies conducted by the present inventors regarding the temperature at which no decrease in gel strength occurs, we found that if the temperature is immediately cooled to 110°C or lower and transferred to a large container, the gel strength will be maintained even if left to cool slowly thereafter. We have come to the conclusion that almost no decrease is observed. However, after sterilization, the dried blood components should be kept in a small container. The cooling condition of 110° C. or less is a guideline for the cooling temperature, taking into consideration means for releasing water vapor generated in an open environment or through ventilation. The ideal treatment for dried blood components after sterilization is to immediately cool them to near room temperature. Using the apparatus shown in Fig. 1, which will be described later, tap water is passed through the cooled jacket to cool it, and approximately 40 to 50% of
Good results have been obtained by cooling the product to a temperature of 0°C.

By sterilizing dried blood components in accordance with the technical elements described above, it is possible to achieve the purpose of commercial sterilization, and at the same time, it is possible to suppress the decline in gel strength as much as possible, and to add value as an excellent food product or raw material for processing foods, etc. It is possible to produce blood meal with a high

This method is superior in that the degree of decrease in sterilization is smaller than that of indirect heat sterilization.

Here, the structure of a specific example of a direct heating sterilizer using superheated sterilizing steam suitable for use in the method for producing sterilized blood meal having gel strength according to the present invention as outlined above, and various devices attached thereto. will be explained with reference to the drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, the direct heat sterilizer 9 has a sterilizer body 9.
A heating jacket is provided on the outer periphery of the sterilizer body 9a, and a hollow shaft 9C having stirring blades 9b is installed rotatably through the sterilizer main body 9a.
One end of C is configured to be rotated by a motor 9d. A quantitative feeder 10 for supplying the dried plasma or dried serum is connected to the upper end of the sterilizer main body 9a (upper right in FIG. 1). Further, a large number of small holes for blowing out air or superheated steam are bored on the outer periphery of the hollow shaft 9c, and a superheated steam supply pipe 11 is connected to the other end of the shaft 9c via a rotary joint. ing. A heater lla for preventing a drop in steam temperature is wound around this superheated steam supply pipe 11, and the supply pipe 11 is superheated via a valve 12. The steam supply pipe 33 is provided with a bypass pipe 34 before and after the valve 17, and a small flow valve 35 is attached to the bypass pipe 34. Furthermore, between the valve 17 of the steam supply pipe 33 and the super heater 13, a sterilization air filter 14,
An air supply pipe 36 with an air heater 15 and a valve 16 interposed therebetween is connected.

Further, a discharge valve 19 that is opened and closed by an air cylinder 18 is attached to the lower part of the other end of the sterilizer main body 8a (lower left in the IJ1 diagram).
A discharge port 9 is connected to an air conveying pipe 20. The upstream end of this air conveying pipe 20 is divided into two parts, one of which is connected to the superheated steam supply pipe 11 between the super heater 13 and the valve 12 via a valve 21, and the other part is connected to the superheated steam supply pipe 11 between the super heater 13 and the valve 12.
The air fill flow end is connected to a cyclone 23 via. A cooler 25 is connected to the lower part of the cyclone 23 via a cushion tank 24, and a vent cyclone 26 is connected to the upper part via piping.

Further, at the upper part of the other end of the sterilizer main body 9a (upper left in FIG. 1), a settling tank 27 with a jacket for indirect steam heating is provided.
is installed. A heater-equipped pipe 29 having a valve 28 is connected to the upper part of the sedimentation tank 27.
The other end of this pipe 29 is connected to a vent cyclone 30. Note that a valve 28 is installed in the pipe 29 with the heater.
A bypass pipe 31 is provided before and after the bypass pipe 31, and a small flow valve 32 is attached to this bypass pipe 31.

The reference numeral 37 indicates the superheated steam supply pipe 1 between the sensor of the superheater temperature control device TC provided on the exit side of the superheater 13 and one connection point of the air conveyance pipe 20.
A drain pipe is branched from 1 and is equipped with a drain valve. Reference numeral 38 indicates the air heater 15 and the valve 16.
An exhaust valve is interposed in the air exhaust piping branched from the air supply pipe 36 between the two.

In the above configuration, first, the supply valve of the quantitative feeder 10 for dried blood components is opened, and a fixed amount (approximately 1 kg) is directly supplied to the heat sterilizer according to a set time. At this time, the valve 28 of the pipe 29 is open, and the inside of the sterilizer main body 9a is at atmospheric pressure.

Further, this - pipe 29 is heated by the heater, and the super heater 13 is connected to the air supply pipe 36.
Only air that has been sterilized by an air filter 14 and preheated by an air heater 15 is supplied through the super heater 13, and high-temperature air from the super heater 13 passes through a valve 21, an air conveying pipe 20, a cyclone 23, and a vent. The water is discharged through a cyclone 26, and the pipes are heated and cleaned.

After the raw material supply is completed, the shaft 9C of the direct heating sterilizer 9 is rotated, and the stirring blade 9b is rotated at a low speed, so that the dried blood components are dispersed and move along the inner wall of the sterilizer at the sterilization rotation speed. Preheated with good heat transfer effect. The steam in the heating jacket is usually saturated steam (approximately 100 to 120°C) due to its heat transfer coefficient, and the dried blood component is preheated to approximately 40 to 110°C. In this way, the dry blood components are diffused and preheated for about 5 seconds. At this time, the super heater 13 is switched so that only a small amount of steam is supplied from the steam supply pipe 33 via the small flow valve 35 of the bypass pipe 34, and the superheated steam superheated by the super heater 13 is It is arranged to be discharged only through the drain pipe 37.

When the vapor diffusion and preheating are completed, the rotation of the stirring blade 9b is stopped, and then the valve 12 of the superheated steam supply pipe 11 is opened, and the superheated steam from the superheater 13 passes through the small hole of the shirt 9c and becomes superheated steam. is a certain period of time (5
~10 seconds) At the same time, the dry air inside the sterilizer main body 9a is sent to the inside of the sterilizer main body 9a, and the dry air is passed through the sedimentation tank 27 and the valve 2.
The dry air is discharged from the pipe 29 via the vent cyclone 8 and the vent cyclone 30, and the inside of the sterilizer main body 9a is replaced with superheated steam from dry air. In this case, since the drain pipe 37's drain vibe is still open, the flow rate of the superheated steam flowing into the sterilizer main body 9a is not so high, and the sedimentation tank 2
7, the dried blood components in the sterilizer main body 9a are transferred to the pipe 29.
There will be no leakage.

After the gas replacement in the sterilizer main body 9a is completed, the valve 28 of the pipe 29, the small flow valve 35 of the bypass pipe 34, and the drain valve of the drain pipe are closed. Next, direct heating machine 9
) 9c, the stirring blade 9b is rotated at high speed, and the valve 17 of the steam supply pipe 33 is opened.
Superheated steam is supplied from the super heater 13 into the sterilizer main body 9a to perform sterilization. The dried blood components are mixed with the stirring blade 9b.
Due to the rotational action of , it comes into good contact with superheated steam at 120 to 180°C, and instant sterilization is performed. Sterilizer main body 9a at this time
The internal pressure is preferably 0.2 to 0.4 kg/cd, and
The time required for sterilization is 5 to 20 seconds, preferably 10 to 15 seconds. The time required for sterilization corresponds to the time for complete contact between superheated steam and dried blood components according to the present invention.

If the blood meal is left at that temperature for a long time after the direct heating sterilization is completed, the blood meal will undergo thermal denaturation and lose its gel strength. Therefore, it is immediately cooled by the following operation. That is,
After direct heat sterilization, in order to prevent the dried blood components from dissipating, the valve 17 of the steam supply pipe 33 and the valve 12 of the superheated steam supply pipe 11 are closed, and superheated steam is supplied and stirred into the sterilizer main body 9a. While stopping the rotation of the blades 9c, an operation is performed to release the internal pressure using the small flow valve 32 at the upper part of the sedimentation tank 27 (about 10 seconds). During this time, preheated air is supplied to the super heater 13 via the air filter 14 and the air heater 15, and high temperature air from the super heater 13 is sent to the air conveying pipe 20 via the valve 21. This air conveying pipe 20 is heated and cleaned and prepared to be immediately supplied to the sterilizer main body 9a.

Subsequently, after the depressurization of the sterilizer main body 9a is completed, the valve 21 of the air conveying pipe 20 and the small flow valve 32 of the bypass pipe 31 are closed, and the valve 12 of the superheated steam supply pipe 11, the exhaust valve of the air exhaust pipe 38, and the piping are closed. The valve 28 of 29 is opened, and high-temperature air from the super heater 13 is introduced into the sterilizer main body 9a for about 10 seconds, and is discharged through the settling tank 27, piping 29, and vent cyclone 30. This replaces the superheated steam within the sterilizer main body 9a with dry air. The flow rate of the high temperature air (dry air) flowing into the sterilizer main body 9a is low because the exhaust valve of the air exhaust pipe 38 is open, and the dried blood components in the sterilizer main body 9a are removed from the pipe by the sedimentation tank 27. There is no flow into 29.

Thereafter, the exhaust valve of the air exhaust pipe 38 and the valve 28 of the piping 29 are closed, and the exhaust valve 19 of the direct heat sterilizer 9 is opened, and the air is passed through the sterilization air filter 14, air heater 15, and super heater 13. high temperature dry sterile air is sent into the sterilizer main body 9a, and the sterilized dried blood components inside are cooled down via the cyclone 23 and cushion tank 24 while rotating the stirring blade at low speed (about 100 rpm). Pressure feed to machine 25. Gas-solid separation is performed in the cyclone 32, and hot air and slightly entrained superheated steam are removed from the blood meal. The cooler 25 is equipped with a stirrer similar to the direct heating sterilizer,
The dried blood components are moved from the inlet side to the outlet side while being pressed in a thin layer against the inner wall with a cooling water jacket by the blade of the stirring blade at a rotation speed of about 0 rl)m. The sterilized and cooled dried blood component is sent to a product hopper (not shown) by the discharge valve of the cooler 25.

The gel strength of dried plasma and dried serum is very delicate and easily deteriorates depending on heating time and heating temperature, and these operations are usually performed under automatic control.

FIG. 2 shows another configuration example that can be used in place of the direct heating sterilizer. In the figure, a super heater 42 is provided at the end of the sterilizing tube 40 to convert steam from a steam generator (boiler) 41 into superheated steam, and the sterilizing tube 40 near the super heater 42 is provided with dried blood. Sterilize ingredients in tube 4
A hollow port 43 having an input valve 43a for inputting to the 0 is provided. A separation device (cyclone) 44 is provided at the other end of the sterilization tube 40 to separate superheated steam and sterilized dried blood components. The distance between the input valve 43a and the separation device 44 is determined in accordance with the sterilization time during which the dried blood components are introduced into the airflow of superheated steam, floated in this airflow, and separated from the superheated steam. . A discharge valve 44 is located below the separation device 44.
A is provided. The input valve 43a and the discharge valve 44a have a mechanism for preventing leakage of superheated steam, and generally rotary valves are used.

Furthermore, the sterilizing tube 40 is kept warm at its outer periphery to prevent condensation of superheated steam. A circulation blower 45 for reusing used superheated steam is provided on the discharge side of the separation device 44 as required for energy saving.
is connected to the super heater 42. The discharge valve 44a is connected to approximately the center of the transport pipe 46, and an air heater 47 is sequentially connected to the upstream end of the transport pipe 46.
, a blower 48, and an air filter 49 are connected, and the downstream end is connected to a separation device (cyclone) 50. The upper part of this separator 50 is connected to another separator 52 via a discharge pipe 51, and the lower discharge valve (rotary valve) 50a of the separator 1f50 is connected to a cooling pipe 53.
is connected upstream of A blower 54 and an air filter 55 are sequentially connected to the upstream end of the cooling pipe 53.
Connected to the downstream end is a separator (cyclone) 56 having a product discharge valve 56a.

In the above configuration, the steam generated by the steam generator 41 is heated by the super heater 42 to become superheated steam, and the sterilization tube 4 is heated.
0 as an air stream. On the other hand, preheated dried blood components are introduced into the sterilizing tube 40 via the input valve 43a. The input dried blood components are heated and sterilized while floating in the air current, and then transferred to a separation device 44 where they are separated from superheated steam. The flow rate of the superheated steam in this sterilization pipe 40 is controlled by a regulating valve (not shown) provided before and after the super heater 42,
A circulation blower 45 provided as necessary is adjusted so that the necessary sterilization time is obtained while the dried blood components float to the separation device 44. In general, it varies depending on the supply amount of dried blood components, but it is 1Qm/sec ~ 30m
/sec is preferred. The sterilized dried blood components discharged from the discharge valve 44a are passed through the transport pipe 46 by sterile hot air sent by the blower 48 to the separation device 50.
sent to. The dried blood components separated by this separation device 50 are cooled by sterile air sent by a blower 54, separated by a separation device 56, and discharged from a product discharge valve 56a to become product blood powder.

The superheated steam entrained in the transport pipe 46 is prevented from condensing through the above-mentioned stages of superheated steam → hot air (air) → cold air (air), and the entrainment of superheated steam into the cold air is also prevented.

Note that the cooling pipe 53 and the separation device 56 may be replaced with the cooling device 25 shown in FIG. 1 described above.

In addition, in order to increase the relative velocity of superheated steam or cold air and dried blood components in the sterilization pipe 40 and cooling pipe 53 to increase the heat transfer efficiency, for example, as shown in FIG. 3(a), superheated steam or cold air The central axis of this population 860a is offset with respect to the central axis of the tube 60, so that the flow at the inlet portion 60a is tangential to the cross section of the tube 60, and a jacket 61 is provided. Indirect heating or cooling may be achieved by flowing a heat medium, or as shown in Figure 3 (
As shown in b), fixed blades 63 having inclined blades may be attached at regular intervals to the flow path within the pipe 62 to give a swirling flow to the heated steam.

Furthermore, instead of the sterilizing tube 40 and the cooling tube 53, a drop type device shown in FIG. 4 or a fluidized bed type device shown in FIG. 5 can be used.

To explain the case where these devices are used as a sterilizer, the device shown in FIG. A product discharge lower 3 is provided at the lower part of the heating can 70, and superheated steam from a super heater 74 is introduced from the lower part of the heating can 70 by a blower 75, and is discharged from the upper part. In the apparatus shown in FIG. 5, superheated steam from a super heater 80 is fed into a specially constructed fluidized heating device 82 by a blower 81, and a raw material hopper 83 is added to the superheated steam stream discharged from this fluidized heating device 82. Input the raw materials and transfer the preheated raw materials to the cyclone 84.
The superheated steam is separated from the superheated steam and then introduced into the fluidized heating device 82. The fluid heating device 82 has a raw material input port 82a and a superheated steam outlet 82b at the top, a superheated steam inlet 82C and a product outlet 82d at the bottom, and a horizontal partition wall 82e having a porous portion at the center of the interior.
is provided, and a plurality of rotating blades 82F are attached to slide on the partition wall 82e, and the raw material inputted from the raw material input port 82a is moved by the rotating blades 82f, and a plurality of rotating blades 82F are installed in the missing portion of the horizontal partition wall 82e. Discharge hopper 82
g, from this discharge hopper 82g to the product outlet 82
d.

In addition, when the above-mentioned apparatus is used as a cooler, the above-mentioned super heaters 74 and 80 may be omitted, and cool air may be introduced into the apparatus by a blower instead of superheated steam.

The blood powder sterilized as described above is packed into bags by a bagging machine 91 shown in FIG. 6, if necessary. In addition, in FIG. 6, the symbols 92, 93, 94, 95, and 96 are vacuum low temperature dryers, crushers, sterilizers, coolers, and pulverizers, sterilizers, and coolers for blood cell fluid, respectively.
This shows a bagging machine, in which dried blood cells are manufactured and heat sterilized under the same conditions as described for the plasma fluid.

Next, an experimental example conducted to confirm the effects of the above embodiment will be described.

(Experiment Example 1) As experimental samples, dried plasma with a particle size of 60 mesh under the particle size before sterilization obtained in the manufacturing process shown in Figure 6, water solubility of 99%, gel strength of 650 g/car or more, and raw plasma were used. A sterilization test was conducted using the dried serum using the direct heating sterilizer shown in FIG.

1 kg of dried plasma or dried serum was supplied from the quantitative feeder 10 into the sterilizer main body 9a. The internal volume of the main body 9a is 300φ×2000mH and has a volume of about 1401. The operating procedures for this device include supplying raw materials, diffusing the sample within the main body 9a, replacing gas with superheated steam, sterilizing by complete contact with superheated steam, releasing pressure, replacing gas with high-temperature sterile air, and discharging the sample. carried out in the order of cooling,
1 cycle is a process of about 2 minutes, and sterilization by complete contact with superheated steam is for 10 seconds, and the pressure of superheated steam is reduced to 0.
．． The gel strength and number of microorganisms of dried plasma and dried serum after sterilization were examined by changing the temperature of superheated steam at 3 kg/cd-G. The test results are shown in Table 1 (dried plasma) and Table 2 (dried serum).
Shown below.

(Left below) [Table 1] Coliform bacteria 30 pieces/100g or less → (-) Heat-resistant spore bacteria
20 pieces/g or less = (-) (below, margin) [Table 2] Coliform bacteria 30 pieces/100 g or less → (-) Heat-resistant spore bacteria
20 pieces/g or less → (-) As is clear from Tables 1 and 2, as the temperature of superheated steam increases, the sterilizing effect improves, but the gel strength tends to decrease. The upper limit of sterilization temperature is 1, judging from the point of maintaining gel strength.
The temperature is about 80°C, and the lower limit is about 120°C, judging from satisfying the standards for microbial components.

Furthermore, - Judging by keeping the number of shipworm bacteria at 300 cases/g or less and taking into account a slight margin for gel strength, the preferred temperature range is:
A temperature of about 140 to 160°C is appropriate.

For the above reasons, the temperature range of superheated steam is 120 to 18
The temperature was 0°C, preferably 140-160°C.

(Experimental Example 2) The test results of the influence of the initial moisture content of dried plasma and dried serum on the quality of the product after sterilization are shown below. The sample is Experimental Example 1
Dried pig plasma and dried serum obtained in the same manner as described above were used. Several samples were prepared with a mesh under 60 and a moisture content of 2 to 14% by weight, and a sterilization test was conducted using the direct heat sterilizer shown in FIG.

"Operating conditions of direct superheating sterilizer" ・Sample filling amount ・・-1kg ・Superheated steam temperature, ・・150℃ ・Superheated steam pressure -0.3kg/crl-G ・Main heating saturated steam pressure 1.0kg/cut- G (heating jacket) (approximately 120℃)・Sterilization time by complete contact with superheated steam: 10 seconds・1 cycle time: -about 2 minutes・Sample cooling temperature after sterilization: 40-50℃・Initial moisture: -2, 3, 4 , 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 (wt%) The experimental results are shown in the following Tables 3 (dried plasma) and Table 4, respectively.
(Dried serum).

(Left below) [Table 3] Coliform bacteria 30 pieces/100g or less = (-) Heat-resistant spore bacteria
20 pieces/g or less → (-) (hereinafter, margin) [Table 4] Coliform bacteria 30 pieces/100 g or less - (-) Heat-resistant spore bacteria
20 care g or less → (-) As is clear from Tables 3 and 4, as the initial moisture content increases, the bactericidal effect improves, but the gel strength tends to decrease.

The upper limit of the initial moisture content is about 12%, judging from the viewpoint of maintaining gel strength, and the lower limit is about 3%, judging from the viewpoint of satisfying the microbial component specifications, and 2% is not preferable. Further, if the number of draft bacteria is 300 bacteria/g or less and the gel strength is judged with some margin, the preferable initial moisture range is about 6 to 8%.

As is clear from Experimental Examples 1 and 2, dried plasma,
Both dried serum can be sterilized under almost the same conditions. In terms of the difficulty of sterilizing different types of microorganisms, it is more difficult to sterilize heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria than shipowner's bacteria or coliform bacteria. Under sterilization conditions, there is a slight deterioration in quality, so consideration must be given to shortening the storage time of plasma and serum fluids during the manufacturing process to prevent spore formation as much as possible.

(Experiment Example 3) A test example in which the relationship between the contact time with superheated steam, gel strength, and the number of microorganisms was investigated is shown below.

The major factors that influence the effectiveness of bacteria are the temperature of the superheated steam and the contact time. In this experimental example, the complete contact time (=sterilization time) with superheated steam was investigated. In this experimental example, a sterilization experiment was conducted using dried pig plasma and dried serum obtained in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1. The sterilizer used in the experiment was the same as that used in Experimental Example 1.

The experimental conditions are shown below.

"Operating conditions of the sterilizer" ・Sample filling amount: 1 kg ・Sample particle size: 60 mesh under Superheated steam temperature: 150℃ Superheated steam Pressure: 0.3kg/cd-G・Body heating saturated steam pressure: 1.0kg/cd-G (heating jacket) (approximately 120℃)・Sterilization by complete contact with superheated steam Time... 3.5.10.15.20.
25 (seconds)・1 cycle time ・−・About 2 minutes・Sample cooling temperature after sterilization −・40~50℃・Initial moisture −
7% by weight The experimental results are shown in the following Tables 5 (dried plasma) and 6 (dried serum).

[Table 5] Coliform bacteria 30 pieces/100g or less → (-) heat-resistant spores m
20 pieces/g or less → (-) (below, margin) [Table 6] Coliform bacteria 30 pieces/100 g or less → (-) heat-resistant spore bacteria
20 cells/g or less → (-) As is clear from Tables 5 and 6, the sterilization effect improves if the sterilization time is extended, but
Gel strength tends to decrease.

Judging from the point of maintaining gel strength, the upper limit of sterilization time is about 20 seconds, and even at this point, the gel strength can barely be maintained at 300 g/cvl, and at 25 seconds, the gel strength will decrease. It ends up being less than 300g/cut. On the other hand, when looking at the sterilization time from the perspective of satisfying the microbial component standards, 3 seconds is insufficient for sterilization of both general viable bacteria and the number of coliform bacteria. At this time, the number of heat-resistant spore bacteria was 30.
Although it is in the range of 0.00 cells/g, this is because the number of bacteria is small in an unsterilized state, and the bactericidal effect is not good. At 5 seconds, the microbial component standard values are satisfied. If the time is 10 seconds or more, a good sterilizing effect is obtained against all of shipowner bacteria, coliform bacteria, and heat-resistant spore bacteria.

Therefore, the range of sterilization time is 5 to 20 seconds, preferably 1
It is 0 to 15 seconds.

(Experimental Example 4) An experimental example in which the relationship between the particle size of dried plasma and dried serum, the gel strength after sterilization, and the number of microorganisms was investigated is shown below. The experimental sample and sterilization equipment were the same as those in Experimental Example 1.

"Operating conditions of the sterilizer" ・Sample filling amount: 1 kg ・Superheated steam temperature -150℃ ・Superheated steam pressure -0.3 kg/cd-G ・Main body heating saturated steam pressure 1.0 kg/cd-G ( heating jacket) (approximately 120 tons)・Sterilization time by complete contact with superheated steam - 10 seconds・1 cycle time approximately 2 minutes・Sample cooling temperature after sterilization 40-50℃・Initial moisture
7% by weight ・Sample particle size 20-32 (20 MECl
Under 32 mesh on, the same applies hereafter), 32-42.
42-48.48-60.60-80.80-100.
100 ~ (100 mesh under) CTyler
The scale test results are shown in Table 7 (dried plasma) and Table 8 (dry side a).
Shown below.

(Hereafter, blank space) [Table 7] Coliform bacteria 30 pieces/100g or less → <-) Heat-resistant spore bacteria
20 pieces/g or less → (-) (below, margin) [Table 8] Coliform bacteria 30 pieces/100 g or less → (-) heat-resistant spore bacteria
20 particles/g or less → (-) As is clear from Tables 7 and 8, the smaller the particle size, the better the sterilization effect, but
Gel strength tends to decrease.

Regarding the particle size during sterilization, there is no problem with a particle size of 20 mesh or less considering the standards for microbial components, but it is necessary to set the particle size to 60 mesh or less when considering negative results according to customary food microbial testing. In particular, it is difficult to sterilize heat-resistant spore-forming bacteria, so it is considered preferable to limit the amount to under 60 mesh.

Therefore, it is advisable to crush blood meal larger than 60 mesh to make it into a product with a size under 60 mesh. If the product is crushed after sterilization, there is a risk of bacterial contamination during the crushing, so it is safer to sterilize and package immediately after crushing. For this reason as well, it is preferable to make the material under 60 mesh in advance and then sterilize it.

(Experimental Example 5) As described above, in the present invention, since the sample directly contacts high-temperature superheated steam, it reaches a temperature almost as high as that of the superheated steam. Therefore, if left as is, it will take a considerable amount of time to cool down, during which time the gel will remain at a high temperature, resulting in a decrease in gel strength. Therefore, after sterilization, it should be immediately cooled to a temperature that does not denature the protein within the range allowed by the structure of the apparatus.

In order to understand these quantitatively, an experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between cooling after sterilization and gel strength. The results are shown below. The sample and sterilization equipment were the same as those in Experimental Example 1.

"Operating conditions of the sterilizer" ・Sample filling amount 1 kg ・Sample particle size 60 m2 under ・Superheated steam temperature -150℃ ・Superheated steam pressure ・0.3 kg/cd-G・
Main unit heating saturated steam pressure 1.0 kg/cIl-G (heating jacket) (approximately 120°C) Sterilization time by complete contact with superheated steam 10 seconds Cycle time approximately 2 minutes Initial moisture 7 weight % ・Sample cooling temperature after sterilization ・15.40.60.80.1
00110.120.130.140. 150 (t) The cooling method is to take out the sample from the outlet without using the cooler 25, put it in a stainless steel container with good heat conductivity,
This container is immersed in cooling water, the sample in the container is cooled while stirring, and when a predetermined cooling temperature is reached, the sample is taken out, transferred to a 2β volume glass beaker, and then left to cool in the atmosphere. I took it.

The experimental results are shown in Table 9 below.

(Hereinafter, blank spaces) [Table 9] As is clear from Table 9, if cooling is performed sufficiently immediately after sterilization, a decrease in gel strength can be suppressed.

When the cooling temperature exceeds 110° C., the rate of decrease in gel strength increases. Therefore, it is necessary to set the cooling temperature to 110° C. or lower.

In addition, in this experiment, the amount per 10 pieces was 1 kg, but in actual production, a large amount of bulk will be accumulated, so the heat dissipation will be poor (and the rate of quality deterioration during natural cooling). As the gel strength decreases, the decrease in gel strength becomes even greater.In this case, the reason for the decrease in gel strength is that the internal temperature rises when the bulk is left to cool, and if it is left in a high temperature and high humidity condition for a long time. This is thought to be because the

From the above findings, it is preferable to immediately cool the sample after sterilization to near room temperature, and even if sufficient cooling is not possible due to the structure of the apparatus, it should be cooled to 110° C. or lower.

In this experiment, the number of microorganisms was not measured because stirring and cooling was performed in an open state.
From the result of 4, it is certain that the sterilizing effect is sufficient even if it is immediately cooled, so there is no problem.

"Effects of the Invention" As explained above, the method for producing blood powder according to the present invention comprises converting blood into undenatured dried blood components having an initial water content of 3 to 12% by weight using superheated steam at 120 to 180°C. Sup
After maintaining complete contact between the superheated steam and the dried blood components for 5 to 20 seconds, the superheated steam and the dried blood components are separated,
This method is characterized by cooling the dried blood components to 110° C. or lower immediately after separation.

Therefore, according to the present invention, all kinds of dried blood components, including not only dried whole blood and dried blood cells obtained by low-temperature drying, but also dried plasma and dried serum, can be processed by controlling their water solubility and heat coagulability. Not only does it not cause any damage, but it also becomes possible to efficiently and sufficiently sterilize the gel without reducing its gel strength.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

1 and 2 are block diagrams of a direct heat sterilizer suitable for use in the method of sterilizing blood powder according to the present invention, and FIGS. 3(a) and 3(b) are diagrams of main parts of the direct heat sterilizer, respectively. A configuration diagram showing a modified example; FIG. 4 is a configuration diagram of a drop-type sterilizer applicable to the direct heat sterilization device used in the method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a fluidized bed sterilizer applicable to the direct heating sterilizer used in the method of the present invention, and FIG. 6 is a diagram of the blood meal manufacturing process. 9 Direct heat sterilizer, 9a - Sterilizer main body 9C hollow shot, 9d - Motor, 10 Quantitative feeder, 11 - Superheated steam supply pipe, 13 Super heater, 19 Drain valve, 20 Air conveyance pipe, 2
3 Cyclone, 25 Cooler, 40 Sterilization pipe, 41 Steam generator, 42 Super heater, 44 Separation device, 46 Transport pipe, 48
Blower 150 Separation device, 53 Cooling pipe, 54.
Blower - 156 separation device. Applicant Niigata Iron Works Co., Ltd. Figure 2 Atsushi Figure 4 Sayabangumo products

Claims (4)

[Claims] (1) Superheated steam at 120 to 180°C is brought into contact with undenatured dried blood components obtained from blood with an initial water content of 3 to 12% by weight, and the state of complete contact between the superheated steam and the dried blood components is maintained for 5 to 20 minutes. 1. A method for producing sterilized blood powder, which comprises separating superheated steam and dried blood components after maintaining the temperature for 2 seconds, and immediately cooling the dried blood components to 110° C. or lower after separation. (2) The method for producing sterilized blood powder according to claim 1, wherein the dried blood component is obtained by drying blood or blood components while keeping the temperature of the dried blood component at 50° C. or lower. (3) The method for producing sterilized blood powder according to claim 1, wherein the dried blood component is pulverized to 60 mesh or less. (4) The method for producing sterilized blood powder according to claim 1, wherein the dried blood component is dried plasma, dried serum, dried blood cells, or dried whole blood.