JPS6328290B2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS6328290B2 JPS6328290B2 JP4759079A JP4759079A JPS6328290B2 JP S6328290 B2 JPS6328290 B2 JP S6328290B2 JP 4759079 A JP4759079 A JP 4759079A JP 4759079 A JP4759079 A JP 4759079A JP S6328290 B2 JPS6328290 B2 JP S6328290B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- counter electrode
- ecd
- titanium
- display
- current collector
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 206010063836 Atrioventricular septal defect Diseases 0.000 description 23
- 238000001211 electron capture detection Methods 0.000 description 23
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001922 gold oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000314 transition metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1,3-dioxa-2$l^{6}-thia-4-mercuracyclobutane 2,2-dioxide Chemical compound [Hg+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DOBUSJIVSSJEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KZNMRPQBBZBTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Au]=O Chemical compound [Au]=O KZNMRPQBBZBTSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012212 insulator Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000370 mercury sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);tantalum(5+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Ta+5].[Ta+5] BPUBBGLMJRNUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuric acid Substances OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001936 tantalum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Description
【発明の詳細な説明】
本発明は電気化学的な可逆発色反応を利用した
表示装置（エレクトロミツクデイスプレイー
ECD）に関し、ECD内の対極用集電体としてチ
タン金属を用いる事により長寿命化を図る事を目
的としたものである。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a display device (electromic display) that utilizes an electrochemical reversible color reaction.
ECD), the purpose is to extend the life of the ECD by using titanium metal as the current collector for the counter electrode in the ECD.
従来、ECDの集電体として、ネサガラス、ス
テンレスステイールの使用が知られて居り、また
特開昭47−8983では鉛、水銀／硫酸水銀、金／酸
化金、タンタル／酸化タンタル等の対極反応材料
がそのまま集電体として使用されている。第１図
ａ，ｂは、それらの一実施例を示したものであ
る。第１図ａにおいて、１はガラス、プラスチツ
ク等のガラス基板であり、２は酸化スズあるいは
酸化インジウム等からなる薄膜透明電極、３は酸
化タングステン、酸化モリブデン等の遷移金属酸
化物からなるエレクトロクロミツク薄膜表示体、
４は表示体電圧印加端子、５は対極反応種（例え
ば、酸化タングステン還元体）と、その導電材
（例えば、炭素粉末）および結着材からなるもの
で、ステンレスステイールからなる集電体６表面
上に接触させたものである。７は対極用電圧印加
リード端子、８はスペーサーで、表示極基板１、
および対極集電板６の間に介在させ接着剤９で接
着一体化させる。１０は電解液で、濃硫酸または
1Mol／ｌ LiClO4／プロピレンカーボネートが
一般的に使用され、電解液中には更に光を反射さ
せるために、TiO2、Al2O3等の白色粉末を分散さ
れ構成されている。又、対極反応材料をそのまま
集電体として使用したECDは第１図ｂに示すよ
うなものである。第１図ａと異る点はPb、金／
酸化金等の対極反応材料が１１であり、そのまま
電圧印加端子７を兼ねていることである。１２は
対極反応材料１１が被着されるガラス、プラスチ
ツク等の背面基板である。 Conventionally, it has been known to use Nesa glass and stainless steel as current collectors for ECD, and in JP-A-47-8983, counter electrode reactions such as lead, mercury/mercury sulfate, gold/gold oxide, tantalum/tantalum oxide, etc. The material is used as is as a current collector. FIGS. 1a and 1b show one embodiment thereof. In Figure 1a, 1 is a glass substrate such as glass or plastic, 2 is a thin film transparent electrode made of tin oxide or indium oxide, etc., and 3 is an electrochromic electrode made of a transition metal oxide such as tungsten oxide or molybdenum oxide. thin film display,
4 is a display voltage application terminal; 5 is a counter electrode consisting of a reactive species (e.g., tungsten oxide reductant), its conductive material (e.g., carbon powder), and a binder; and a current collector 6 made of stainless steel. It is in contact with the surface. 7 is a voltage application lead terminal for the counter electrode, 8 is a spacer, and the display electrode substrate 1,
and a counter electrode current collector plate 6 and are bonded together with an adhesive 9. 10 is an electrolytic solution, concentrated sulfuric acid or
1Mol/l LiClO 4 /propylene carbonate is generally used, and white powder such as TiO 2 or Al 2 O 3 is dispersed in the electrolyte to further reflect light. Further, an ECD using the counter electrode reaction material as it is as a current collector is shown in FIG. 1b. The difference from Figure 1a is Pb, gold/
11 is a counter electrode reactive material such as gold oxide, which also serves as the voltage application terminal 7 as it is. Reference numeral 12 denotes a back substrate made of glass, plastic, etc., on which the counter electrode reaction material 11 is deposited.
こうしたECDでは、長期間駆動させていると
例えば、第１図ａのECDでは集電体であるステ
ンレスステール６が電気化学的に溶解し、溶解し
たステンレスステイールが表示体３の表面に電着
され、表示、消去が漸次阻害されてくる問題を有
している。又第１図ｂのECDでは、対極反応材
料１１が第１図ａのECDと同様に溶解し、溶解
した対極反応材料１１が、表示体３の表面に電着
され、表示、消法が漸次、阻害される問題を有し
ている。この阻害現象は第１図ａ，ｂに示す
ECD共に、表示−消去寿命試験（表示電圧波形
−1.2ボルト（１秒）、消去電圧波形＋1.2ボルト
（１秒））で、約２〜３×106サイクル程度で現わ
れECDの長寿命化を図ることが困難であつた。 When such an ECD is operated for a long period of time, for example, in the ECD shown in FIG. The problem is that display and erasing are gradually hindered. In addition, in the ECD shown in FIG. 1b, the counter electrode reaction material 11 is dissolved in the same way as in the ECD shown in FIG. , has the problem of being inhibited. This inhibition phenomenon is shown in Figure 1 a and b.
In the display-erase life test (display voltage waveform - 1.2 volts (1 second), erase voltage waveform + 1.2 volts (1 second)) for both ECDs, it appears after about 2 to 3 x 10 6 cycles, extending the lifespan of the ECD. It was difficult to achieve this goal.
本発明は、前述の諸問題を解決せんがため、チ
タン金属を対極用集電体として使用し、種々検討
した結果、次の事を見い出した事にもとずくもの
である。例えば、特開昭47−8983号と基本的に同
じ構成のECDで第２図に示したような、チタン
金属板を対極反応材料５として使用したECDで
は、ECDを表示する際、即ち、表示極３では酸
化タングステンの還元反応が進行すると同時に、
対極５ではチタン金属表面が酸化され、絶縁体で
ある酸化チタンが、その表面に生成し、その結
果、電流が流れなくなり、もはや消去が出来なく
なることが分つた。従つて、本発明の基となる点
はチタンの表面酸化物が出来ないようにするた
め、他の対極反応材料と接触させることにより、
（但し、チタンの酸化反応の起る電位より、低い
電位で可逆酸化反応が進行する対極反応材料と接
触させる必要がある。）即ち、対極反応材料の集
電体として使用することにより、チタン金属を良
電導体とすることが出来ること、しかも、電気化
学的にも該金属が安定で、電解液中にも溶出しな
いことを見い出し、その結果従来のECDに存在
していた、緒問題を解決し、長寿命のECDを提
供しうるものである。すなわち、本発明では、チ
タンの酸化反応の起こる電位より低い電位で可逆
酸化反応が進行する対極反応材料、導電材、チタ
ンの集電体及び前記対極反応材料と導電材を集電
体へ結着する結着材から構成される対極を用いる
ものである。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention uses titanium metal as a current collector for a counter electrode, and is based on the following findings as a result of various studies. For example, in an ECD using a titanium metal plate as the counter electrode reaction material 5, as shown in FIG. 2, which has basically the same configuration as that of JP-A-47-8983, when displaying the ECD, the display At pole 3, at the same time as the reduction reaction of tungsten oxide progresses,
It has been found that in the counter electrode 5, the titanium metal surface is oxidized and titanium oxide, which is an insulator, is generated on the surface, and as a result, current no longer flows and erasing is no longer possible. Therefore, the basic point of the present invention is that in order to prevent the formation of titanium surface oxides, by bringing it into contact with other counter electrode reactive materials,
(However, it is necessary to bring it into contact with a counter electrode reaction material that undergoes a reversible oxidation reaction at a potential lower than the potential at which the titanium oxidation reaction occurs.) In other words, by using it as a current collector for the counter electrode reaction material, titanium metal We discovered that the metal can be made into a good conductor, and that it is electrochemically stable and does not elute into the electrolyte.As a result, we solved the problems that existed in conventional ECDs. Therefore, it is possible to provide a long-life ECD. That is, in the present invention, a counter electrode reaction material in which a reversible oxidation reaction proceeds at a potential lower than the potential at which an oxidation reaction of titanium occurs, a conductive material, a titanium current collector, and binding of the counter electrode reaction material and the conductive material to the current collector. This method uses a counter electrode made of a binding material.
以下、本発明を実施例を用いて詳細に説明す
る。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be explained in detail using examples.
第３図ａ，ｂは本発明のECDの各実施例を示
す構造断面図である。 3a and 3b are structural sectional views showing each embodiment of the ECD of the present invention.
第３図ａにおいて、１はガラス、プラスチツク
等の透明基板、２は酸化スズあるいはインジウム
オキサイド等からなる薄膜透明電極、３は酸化タ
ングステンの遷移金属酸化物からなるエレクトロ
クロミツク薄膜表示体、４は表示体電圧印加端
子、５は対極反応種で酸化タングステン還元体、
あるいはベルリン酸鉄還元体と、その導電材（グ
ラフアイト粉末）および結着材（フツ素樹脂）を
５：５：１の割合で混合したもので、チタン集電
体６を中心に1ton／cm2の圧力で加圧成型したもの
である。７はチタンリード線で、対極用電圧印加
端子、８はガラス、プラスチツク等の絶縁性の背
面基板、９はスペーサー、１０はチタンオキサイ
ド、アルミナ等の白色粉末をフツ素樹脂を用い、
多孔性の板に加圧成型した光反射板、１１は接着
剤で、表示極基板１と背面基板８とスペーサー９
とを接着一体化している。１２は電解液で
1Mol／ｌ、LiClO4／プロピレンカーボネートを
使用した。かくして、構成した本発明のECDは、
−0.1ボルト（１秒）で書き込み、＋0.1ボルト
（１秒）で消去の寿命試験を行なつた所12.5×107
サイクルを経過しても、何ら表示、消去に異常を
認めなかつた。 In FIG. 3a, 1 is a transparent substrate such as glass or plastic, 2 is a thin film transparent electrode made of tin oxide or indium oxide, etc., 3 is an electrochromic thin film display made of a transition metal oxide such as tungsten oxide, and 4 is a transparent substrate made of glass, plastic, etc. Display voltage application terminal, 5 is a counter electrode reactive species, tungsten oxide reduced body,
Alternatively, it is a mixture of a reduced form of iron berlinate, its conductive material (graphite powder), and its binding material (fluorine resin) in a ratio of 5:5:1, and is 1 ton/cm centered on the titanium current collector 6. It is pressure molded at a pressure of 2 . 7 is a titanium lead wire, a voltage application terminal for the counter electrode, 8 is an insulating back substrate made of glass, plastic, etc., 9 is a spacer, 10 is a white powder of titanium oxide, alumina, etc. using fluororesin,
A light reflecting plate pressure-molded into a porous plate, 11 is an adhesive, and a display electrode substrate 1, a back substrate 8, and a spacer 9 are attached.
are integrated with adhesive. 12 is electrolyte
1Mol/l LiClO 4 /propylene carbonate was used. Thus, the constructed ECD of the present invention is as follows:
A life test of writing at -0.1 volts (1 second) and erasing at +0.1 volts (1 second) resulted in 12.5 x 10 7
Even after the cycle, no abnormality was observed in display or erasure.
次に第３図ｂにおいて、１はガラスよりなる透
明基板、２は酸化スズからなる薄膜透明電極、３
は酸化タングステンからなるエレクトロクロミツ
ク表示体、４は表示体電圧印加端子、５はベルリ
ン酸鉄、カーボン、フツ素樹脂を５：５：１の割
合で混合したものをチタンエキスパンデツトネツ
ト６を中心に1ton／cm2の圧力で加圧成型したもの
で、チタンセル容器７とは点６′でスポツト溶接
し、容器７全体が対極用電圧印加部として働く。
１０はチタンオキサイド粉末をフツ素樹脂でプレ
ス成型した白色光散乱板、１１は接着剤で、表示
極基板１と、セル容器７と接着一体化するもので
ある。１２は電解液で1Mol／ｌ、LiClO4／プロ
ピレンカーボネートを用いた。かくして構成した
ECDは、第３図ａのものと同様の寿命特性を示
した。ここで使用したチタンエキスパンデツトネ
ツト集電体は、チタン金属線網を使用するに比較
し、集電体作成が容易であり、工業的に使用可能
なものであることが判明した。又チタン金属板で
セル容器を構成しても何ら、ECD寿命特性に影
響を与えなかつた事より、ECD製造上、極めて
容易にECDを作成することが可能となり、その
効果は極めて大きいものである。 Next, in FIG. 3b, 1 is a transparent substrate made of glass, 2 is a thin film transparent electrode made of tin oxide, and 3
is an electrochromic display made of tungsten oxide, 4 is a display voltage application terminal, and 5 is a titanium expanded net 6 made of a mixture of iron berlinate, carbon, and fluororesin in a ratio of 5:5:1. It is press-molded at a pressure of 1 ton/cm 2 at the center, and is spot welded to the titanium cell container 7 at point 6', so that the entire container 7 functions as a counter electrode voltage applying section.
Reference numeral 10 denotes a white light scattering plate made by press-molding titanium oxide powder with fluororesin, and reference numeral 11 denotes an adhesive, which is adhesively integrated with the display electrode substrate 1 and the cell container 7. No. 12 used an electrolytic solution of 1Mol/l, LiClO 4 /propylene carbonate. Thus configured
The ECD exhibited lifetime characteristics similar to those in Figure 3a. It was found that the titanium expanded net current collector used here is easier to prepare than the use of a titanium metal wire network, and can be used industrially. Furthermore, even if the cell container is made of a titanium metal plate, it does not affect the ECD life characteristics in any way, so it becomes possible to create an ECD extremely easily, and the effect is extremely large. .
第１図ａ，ｂは従来のECD概略構成断面図、
第２図は背面基板をタンタルからなる対極とした
ECDの構成断面図、第３図ａ，ｂは本発明の
ECD各実施例を示す構成断面図である。
１……透光性基板、２……透光性電極、３……
表示極、５……対極、８……背面基板、９……ス
ペーサ、１０……反射板、１１……接着剤。
Figures 1a and 1b are cross-sectional views of the conventional ECD schematic configuration.
Figure 2 shows a counter electrode made of tantalum as the back substrate.
The cross-sectional diagrams of the ECD, Figures 3a and b, are of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a configuration cross-sectional view showing each embodiment of the ECD. 1... Transparent substrate, 2... Transparent electrode, 3...
Display electrode, 5...Counter electrode, 8...Back substrate, 9...Spacer, 10...Reflector, 11...Adhesive.
Claims (1)
し、電気化学的な可逆反応を利用する表示装置で
あつて、前記対極が、チタンの酸化反応の起こる
電位より低い電位で可逆酸化反応が進行する対極
反応材料、導電材、チタンの集電体及び前記対極
反応材料と導電材を集電体へ結着する結着材から
構成された表示装置。1 A display device that has a display electrode, a counter electrode, and an electrolytic solution in contact with both electrodes, and utilizes an electrochemical reversible reaction, wherein the counter electrode is capable of performing a reversible oxidation reaction at a potential lower than that at which an oxidation reaction of titanium occurs. A display device comprising a advancing counter electrode reaction material, a conductive material, a titanium current collector, and a binding material that binds the counter electrode reaction material and the conductive material to the current collector.
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4759079A JPS55138718A (en) | 1979-04-17 | 1979-04-17 | Display device |
| CA000349538A CA1148638A (en) | 1979-04-17 | 1980-04-10 | Electrochromic display device |
| US06/139,122 US4331385A (en) | 1979-04-17 | 1980-04-10 | Electrochromic display device |
| EP80102043A EP0017977B1 (en) | 1979-04-17 | 1980-04-16 | Electrochromic display device |
| DE8080102043T DE3069958D1 (en) | 1979-04-17 | 1980-04-16 | Electrochromic display device |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4759079A JPS55138718A (en) | 1979-04-17 | 1979-04-17 | Display device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS55138718A JPS55138718A (en) | 1980-10-29 |
| JPS6328290B2 true JPS6328290B2 (en) | 1988-06-08 |
Family
ID=12779458
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP4759079A Granted JPS55138718A (en) | 1979-04-17 | 1979-04-17 | Display device |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS55138718A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5887541A (en) * | 1981-11-20 | 1983-05-25 | Seiko Epson Corp | Electrochromic display body |
-
1979
- 1979-04-17 JP JP4759079A patent/JPS55138718A/en active Granted
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS55138718A (en) | 1980-10-29 |
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