JPS632775Y2 - - Google Patents
Info
- Publication number
- JPS632775Y2 JPS632775Y2 JP5912980U JP5912980U JPS632775Y2 JP S632775 Y2 JPS632775 Y2 JP S632775Y2 JP 5912980 U JP5912980 U JP 5912980U JP 5912980 U JP5912980 U JP 5912980U JP S632775 Y2 JPS632775 Y2 JP S632775Y2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- heating element
- lower surfaces
- ceramic
- distance
- preheating plug
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 64
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Resistance Heating (AREA)
Description
【考案の詳細な説明】
本考案はデイーゼルエンジンの始動補助装置と
して使用される予熱栓の改良に関するものであ
る。DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improvement in a preheating plug used as a starting aid for a diesel engine.
最近、上記予熱栓によるエンジンの加熱をより
効果的に行い始動促進効果を上げるため、発熱体
をセラミツク材で構成し、その内部に発熱素子を
プリント又は埋設等により配設してなる予熱栓の
利用が試みられている。 Recently, in order to more effectively heat the engine with the preheating plug and increase the engine startup effect, preheating plugs have been developed in which the heating element is made of ceramic material and a heating element is printed or embedded inside the ceramic material. Attempts are being made to use it.
この場合、考案者の研究によればセラミツク材
は高温且つ急速な加熱は可能であるが殊に引張力
に対する強度が小さいので、何の配慮もせずに従
来予熱栓と同様に円形断面とすると、発熱素子と
発熱セラミツク体との接合部の十分な強度が得ら
れない。そのため焼成前のセラミツク柱材を分割
し中心部に発熱素子を配設した後、重ね合せ加圧
しながら焼成している。従つて、発熱素子を偏平
状にせざるを得ないため発熱素子から発熱体の外
表面までの距離に大きな不均一が生じ、これによ
つて発熱体の加熱時に発熱体内部の温度分布の不
均衡をもたらし、その際に局部的に生ずる過度の
熱応力（サーマルシヨツク）により発熱体が破損
すること及び、発熱体の一端が前記発熱体の表面
に近い場合、急加熱のため大きな電気エネルギー
を投入した時発熱温度が酸化雰囲気におけるセラ
ミツクの強度限界を越えてしまう虞れがあること
が判明した。 In this case, according to the inventor's research, ceramic material is capable of high-temperature and rapid heating, but its strength against tensile force is particularly low, so if the ceramic material is made circular in cross section like a conventional preheating plug without any consideration, Sufficient strength cannot be obtained at the joint between the heating element and the heating ceramic body. For this reason, the ceramic pillar material before firing is divided into parts, a heating element is placed in the center, and then the parts are overlapped and fired while being pressed. Therefore, since the heating element has to be made into a flat shape, the distance from the heating element to the outer surface of the heating element becomes largely uneven, which causes an imbalance in the temperature distribution inside the heating element when the heating element is heated. At that time, the heating element may be damaged due to locally generated excessive thermal stress (thermal shock), and if one end of the heating element is close to the surface of the heating element, a large amount of electrical energy is required to heat it rapidly. It has been found that when this happens, there is a risk that the exothermic temperature may exceed the strength limit of ceramics in an oxidizing atmosphere.
上記事柄から結局、セラミツク材を用いた予熱
栓では、上記破損を生じない範囲で発熱効果を最
大としながら発熱体の各部温度をほゞ均一にする
必要がある。 In view of the above, in the case of a preheating plug made of ceramic material, it is necessary to maximize the heat generation effect and make the temperature of each part of the heating element substantially uniform within a range that does not cause the damage described above.
上記セラミツク材を用いた発熱体としては特開
昭49−43239号公報に示されたものの如く、板状
のセラミツクグリーンシート上に無機質導電材料
を含むペーストを適当なパターンに塗布して”ヒ
ーター”とし、これに他の板状のグリーンシート
を重ね、或いはこのような発熱体を多層に重ねた
ものがあるが、上記”ヒーター”とセラミツクグ
リーンシート表面までの距離は厳密に規定されて
いないので、熱が均一に伝導せず前記と同様グリ
ーンシートが破損する可能性がある。 A heating element using the above-mentioned ceramic material, as shown in Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 49-43239, is a "heater" by applying a paste containing an inorganic conductive material on a plate-shaped ceramic green sheet in an appropriate pattern. This is then layered with another plate-shaped green sheet, or such heating elements are layered in multiple layers, but the distance between the "heater" and the surface of the ceramic green sheet is not strictly regulated. , the heat will not be conducted uniformly and the green sheet may be damaged as described above.
本考案は上述の点に鑑み特に耐久性、信頼性の
高いセラミツク製予熱栓を提供せんとして案出さ
れたもので、その要旨とするところは発熱素子を
埋設したセラミツク製発熱体の横断面形状を上下
面と上下面より長い側面を有するほゞ長方形と成
し、前記発熱素子の位置を前記発熱素子から前記
上下面までの距離ｌを前記発熱素子と前記側面と
の最大距離ｈに対して、ｈ／４≦ｌ≦ｈ／２の範
囲にあるように設定したことにある。 In view of the above points, the present invention was devised to provide a ceramic preheating plug that is particularly durable and reliable. is formed into a substantially rectangular shape having upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces longer than the upper and lower surfaces, and the position of the heating element is such that the distance l from the heating element to the upper and lower surfaces is relative to the maximum distance h between the heating element and the side surface. , h/4≦l≦h/2.
これを図により詳細に説明すると、１は基部に
ねじ部１ａを形成した予熱栓の本体で、その内部
にセラミツク材よりなる発熱体２が金属ホルダー
４を介して支持されている。上記発熱体２内には
発熱素子３が放熱エネルギーの分散を図るため破
線のように短形ジグザグに埋設されるが、該発熱
素子３は発熱体２の軸線に直角な断面を第３図の
如くほゞ長方形とするとともに、同断面における
両側面までの距離h1，h2を等しく、また発熱素子
３からその配設方向に沿つた上下面までの距離
l1，l2を前記h1，h2に対して次の関係即ち、
１／4h1（h2）≦l1（l2）≦１／2h1（h2）
にあるように定められている。 To explain this in detail with reference to the drawings, reference numeral 1 denotes a main body of a preheating plug having a threaded portion 1a formed at its base, and a heating element 2 made of a ceramic material is supported inside thereof via a metal holder 4. Inside the heating element 2, a heating element 3 is embedded in a rectangular zigzag pattern as shown by the broken line in order to disperse heat radiation energy. In addition to making it approximately rectangular, the distances h 1 and h 2 to both sides in the same cross section are equal, and the distance from the heating element 3 to the top and bottom surfaces along the direction in which it is disposed.
l 1 and l 2 are determined to have the following relationship with respect to h 1 and h 2 , that is, 1/4h 1 (h 2 )≦l 1 (l 2 )≦1/2h 1 (h 2 ). ing.
これは本考案の前記研究によつ、(1)本案のよう
に断面がほゞ長方形で発熱素子３を第３図の如く
埋設した発熱体２の断面では第５図に示すような
等温曲線が描かれ、この等温曲線から上記l1を余
り小さくすると、セラミツクの外表面部の温度が
多角なり過ぎ熱分解するので発熱体を許される範
囲で内側に配置すること、ただし前記ｌ寸法が大
きく発熱体が余り内側に配置され過ぎると加熱速
度が早くならないこと(2)該曲線の検討結果から前
記発熱素子３と発熱体２の上下面までの距離ｌ
が、両側面までの距離ｈの1/2乃至1/4のとき、第
５図の“イ”及び“ロ”の各点の表面温度がほゞ
100℃の差の範囲で等しくなることが伴明したこ
とによる。 This is based on the above-mentioned research of the present invention. (1) In the cross section of the heating element 2, which has a substantially rectangular cross section and the heating element 3 is embedded as shown in Fig. 3, as in the present invention, an isothermal curve as shown in Fig. 5 is obtained. is drawn, and from this isothermal curve, if the above l 1 is too small, the temperature of the outer surface of the ceramic will become too polygonal and thermal decomposition will occur, so the heating element should be placed as far inside as possible, however, if the above l dimension is large If the heating element is placed too far inside, the heating rate will not increase. (2) From the results of examining the curve, the distance l between the heating element 3 and the upper and lower surfaces of the heating element 2
When the distance h to both sides is 1/2 to 1/4, the surface temperature at each point "A" and "B" in Figure 5 is approximately
This is because it was found that they are equal within a range of 100℃ difference.
前記発熱体２、金属ホルダー４及び本体１は相
互にろう付けされ、また前記発熱素子３の一端は
発熱体３の後端より、前記本体１の基部内に絶縁
性保持部材５を介して取付けられた電極棒６に接
続せしめるとともに、前記発熱素子３の他端は前
記本体１先端付近に設けられたアース端子８に接
続されている。 The heating element 2, metal holder 4, and main body 1 are brazed to each other, and one end of the heating element 3 is attached to the base of the main body 1 from the rear end of the heating element 3 via an insulating holding member 5. The other end of the heating element 3 is connected to a ground terminal 8 provided near the tip of the main body 1.
以上のように構成した本案予熱栓は図示しない
エンジンのシリンダヘツドに装入し、第１図の如
くその発熱体２の先端２ａを副燃焼室Ｃ内に突出
せしめるよう配設して、前記本体１のねじ部１ａ
にて前記シリンダヘツドに固定する。なお、この
際前記金属ホルダー４はその先端が前記副燃焼室
Ｃ内に露出しないようにし、副燃焼室Ｃからの火
炎による酸化や焼損を防止する。 The preheating plug of the present invention constructed as described above is inserted into the cylinder head of an engine (not shown), and arranged so that the tip 2a of the heating element 2 projects into the auxiliary combustion chamber C as shown in FIG. 1 threaded part 1a
to the cylinder head. At this time, the tip of the metal holder 4 is prevented from being exposed in the sub-combustion chamber C to prevent oxidation and burnout caused by flames from the sub-combustion chamber C.
上記の如き本案予熱栓ではデイーゼルエンジン
の寒冷始動時等に周知の始動手段を介して通電す
れば、その発熱素子３が赤熱し、発熱体２は前記
副燃焼室Ｃ内の空気流を加熱する。この際発熱体
２の横断面における発熱素子３の前記配設条件に
よつて、発熱体２の表面は何れもほゞ均一に加熱
される。 In the preheating plug of the present invention as described above, when electricity is applied through a well-known starting means during a cold start of a diesel engine, the heating element 3 becomes red hot, and the heating element 2 heats the air flow in the sub-combustion chamber C. . At this time, the surface of the heating element 2 is heated almost uniformly depending on the arrangement condition of the heating element 3 in the cross section of the heating element 2.
以上のように本案予熱栓では、発熱素子を埋設
したセラミツク製発熱体の横断面形状を上下面と
上下面より長い側面を有するほゞ長方形と成し、
前記発熱素子の位置を前記発熱素子から前記上下
面までの距離ｌを前記発熱素子と前記側面との最
大距離ｈに対して、ｈ／４≦ｈ／２の範囲にある
ように設定したので、発熱体断面を長方形とした
ことにより発熱素子と発熱セラミツク体との接合
部の充分な強度が得られるとともに、前記発熱素
子から前記上下面までの距離ｌを前記発熱素子と
前記側面との最大距離ｈに対して、ｈ／４≦ｌ≦
ｈ／２の範囲にあるようにしたことにより、発熱
体の加熱時に同発熱体の各面における温度はほゞ
均一化されて発熱体内部の過度の熱応力が避けら
れ、発熱体のサーマルシヨツクによる破損が未然
に防止される。従つて耐久性に優れ、高度の信頼
性を有するセラミツク製予熱栓が得られる効果が
ある。 As described above, in the present preheating plug, the cross-sectional shape of the ceramic heating element in which the heating element is embedded is formed into a substantially rectangular shape having the upper and lower surfaces and the side surfaces longer than the upper and lower surfaces,
Since the position of the heating element is set so that the distance l from the heating element to the upper and lower surfaces is within the range of h/4≦h/2 with respect to the maximum distance h between the heating element and the side surface, By making the cross section of the heating element rectangular, sufficient strength can be obtained at the joint between the heating element and the heating ceramic body, and the distance l from the heating element to the upper and lower surfaces is the maximum distance between the heating element and the side surface. For h, h/4≦l≦
h/2 range, the temperature on each side of the heating element is almost uniform when the heating element is heated, avoiding excessive thermal stress inside the heating element, and reducing the thermal shock of the heating element. Damage due to this will be prevented. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a ceramic preheating plug that has excellent durability and high reliability.
尚、上記発熱素子を対称的に２以上発熱体内に
配列設置した場合も同様な効果が得られる。 Note that similar effects can be obtained when two or more of the heating elements described above are arranged symmetrically in the heating body.
第１図は本案予熱栓の縦断面図、第２図は同正
面図、第３図は第１図のＡ−Ａ断面図、第４図は
第１図のＢ−Ｂ断面図、第５図は第３図に相当す
る断面における等温線図である。
１；予熱栓本体、２；発熱体、３；発熱素子、
４；金属ホルダー、５；絶縁性保持部材、６；電
極棒。
Fig. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of the preheating plug of the present invention, Fig. 2 is a front view thereof, Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 1, Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken along line BB in Fig. 1, and Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken along line AA in Fig. 1. The figure is an isothermal diagram in a cross section corresponding to FIG. 3. 1; Preheating plug body, 2; Heating element, 3; Heating element,
4; metal holder, 5; insulating holding member, 6; electrode rod.
Claims (1)
面形状を上下面と上下面より長い側面を有する
ほゞ長方形と成し、前記発熱素子の位置を前記発
熱素子から前記上下面までの距離ｌを前記発熱素
子と前記側面との最大距離ｈに対して、ｈ／４≦
ｌ≦ｈ／２の範囲にあるように設定してなる予熱
栓。 The cross-sectional shape of the ceramic heating element in which the heating element is embedded is formed into a substantially rectangular shape having upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces longer than the upper and lower surfaces, and the position of the heating element is determined by the distance l from the heating element to the upper and lower surfaces as described above. For the maximum distance h between the heating element and the side surface, h/4≦
A preheating plug that is set so that l≦h/2.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5912980U JPS632775Y2 (en) | 1980-04-30 | 1980-04-30 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5912980U JPS632775Y2 (en) | 1980-04-30 | 1980-04-30 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JPS56162464U JPS56162464U (en) | 1981-12-03 |
| JPS632775Y2 true JPS632775Y2 (en) | 1988-01-23 |
Family
ID=29653597
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP5912980U Expired JPS632775Y2 (en) | 1980-04-30 | 1980-04-30 |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS632775Y2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2537271B2 (en) * | 1988-09-09 | 1996-09-25 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Ceramic heating element |
-
1980
- 1980-04-30 JP JP5912980U patent/JPS632775Y2/ja not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPS56162464U (en) | 1981-12-03 |
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