JPS63252710A - Sealing valve of nozzle of injection device - Google Patents

Sealing valve of nozzle of injection device

Info

Publication number
JPS63252710A
JPS63252710A JP8584887A JP8584887A JPS63252710A JP S63252710 A JPS63252710 A JP S63252710A JP 8584887 A JP8584887 A JP 8584887A JP 8584887 A JP8584887 A JP 8584887A JP S63252710 A JPS63252710 A JP S63252710A
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
needle
valve body
valve
nozzle
mold
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
JP8584887A
Other languages
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JPH0453689B2 (en
Inventor
Masashi Kato
加戸 正志
Kenji Kato
加藤 憲治
Akira Morii
彰 盛井
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Japan Steel Works Ltd
Original Assignee
Japan Steel Works Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Japan Steel Works Ltd filed Critical Japan Steel Works Ltd
Priority to JP8584887A priority Critical patent/JPS63252710A/en
Publication of JPS63252710A publication Critical patent/JPS63252710A/en
Publication of JPH0453689B2 publication Critical patent/JPH0453689B2/ja
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C45/00Injection moulding, i.e. forcing the required volume of moulding material through a nozzle into a closed mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C45/17Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C45/20Injection nozzles
    • B29C45/23Feed stopping equipment
    • B29C45/231Needle valve systems therefor

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

PURPOSE:To ensure a smooth sliding of a valve body extending over a long period of time, by making a sliding part between the valve body and a valve body-supporting member of a nonmagnetic material. CONSTITUTION:Magnetic powder in molten resin is oriented by action of a predetermined magnetic field upon a mold 32. An effect of the magnetic field acted upon the mold 32 extends over a nozzle 14, a valve housing 12, needle holding metal fittings 22 and a needle 24 also. However, as the needle holding metal fitting 22 and needle 24 are made of a nonmagnetic material, it does not happen that those are magnetized. Therefore, the magnetic powder on the circumference of the needle 24 is removed easily a it does not happen that the magnetic powder is involved in an inner diametral part of the needle holding metal fittings 22 at the time when the needle 24 slides within the same. With this construction, the sliding of the needle 24 to the needle holding metal fittings 22 is performed smooth always, and an opening or closing action of the valve can be performed reliably.

Description

【発明の詳細な説明】 (イ)産業上の利用分野 本発明は、射出装置のノズル封止弁、特に樹脂結合型磁
石を射出成形するために用いられる射出装置のノズル封
止弁、に関するものである。
Detailed Description of the Invention (a) Industrial Application Field The present invention relates to a nozzle sealing valve for an injection device, particularly a nozzle sealing valve for an injection device used for injection molding a resin-bonded magnet. It is.

(ロ)従来の技術 従来の射出装置のノズル封止弁として1例えば実開昭8
0−46217号公報に示されるものがある。すなわち
、こわには弁体であるニードルを弁体支持部材であるバ
ルブハウジングに軸方向にしゆう動可能に支持し、この
ニードルをスプリング力によってノズル内径部の弁座に
押圧するようしたものが示されている。これにより、射
出装置の溶融樹脂圧力が低い場合には、ニードルが弁座
に密着しノズルが閉じられ、溶融樹脂圧力が上昇すると
ニードルが後退しノズルが開かれ、溶融樹脂がノズルを
通過して金型内に射出される。
(b) Conventional technology As a nozzle sealing valve for a conventional injection device, for example,
There is one shown in Publication No. 0-46217. In other words, there is a method in which a needle, which is a valve body, is supported by a valve housing, which is a valve body support member, so as to be able to move in the axial direction, and this needle is pressed against a valve seat on the inside diameter of the nozzle by a spring force. has been done. As a result, when the molten resin pressure in the injection device is low, the needle comes into close contact with the valve seat and the nozzle is closed, and when the molten resin pressure rises, the needle retreats and the nozzle is opened, allowing the molten resin to pass through the nozzle. Injected into the mold.

(ハ)発明が解決しようとする問題点 しかし、上1己のような従来の射出装置のノズル封止弁
には、これを樹脂結合型磁石の射出成形に使用すると、
弁体と弁体支持部材とのしゆう動部に磁粉が侵入し、弁
体が円滑に移動しなくなるため、作動不良、すなわち封
止不十分となって溶融樹脂の漏れを発生するという問題
点がある。このような不具合が発生するのは、磁場中で
の射出成形を行う場合、漏えい磁束が弁体及び弁体支持
部材に作用し、これらが磁化し磁粉が付着しやすい状態
となっているからである。弁体及び弁体支持部材に原料
中の磁粉が付着した状態で弁体のしゆう動が行われると
、磁粉がしゆう動部にかみ込まれ、11体のしゅう動か
円滑てなくなる。このように、ノズル先端から絹脂漏れ
か発生ずる状態になると、ノズル先端と金型スプル一部
との間に漏れた枯+ n)tかはさま才1、金へりを損
傷する場合がある。
(c) Problems to be solved by the invention However, when used in the nozzle sealing valve of a conventional injection device like the one above, when used for injection molding of resin-bonded magnets,
The problem is that magnetic particles enter the sliding part between the valve body and the valve body support member, making it impossible for the valve body to move smoothly, resulting in malfunction, that is, insufficient sealing, and leakage of molten resin. There is. This problem occurs because when injection molding is performed in a magnetic field, leakage magnetic flux acts on the valve body and valve body support member, magnetizing them and making it easy for magnetic particles to adhere to them. be. If the valve element is moved with magnetic particles in the raw material attached to the valve element and the valve element support member, the magnetic particles will be caught in the sliding parts, and the sliding movement of the 11 members will no longer be smooth. In this way, if silk leaks from the nozzle tip, the leakage between the nozzle tip and part of the mold sprue may damage the metal rim. .

また、縦ぺりの射1j成形機のように、ノズルが中直に
配置されている構造の場合には、漏れた樹脂がi′梨外
分割面落下し、外線の際に金型を損傷するl■(’+’
t=竹かある。また、漏れた樹脂の一部かそのまま金型
内に入り、いわゆるコールドフローの成形不良を発生す
る場合もある。本発明は、このような問題点を解決する
ことを目的としている。
In addition, in the case of a structure in which the nozzle is arranged vertically, such as a vertical injection molding machine, the leaked resin may fall on the outside parting surface and damage the mold during external molding. ■('+'
There is t=bamboo. In addition, some of the leaked resin may enter the mold as it is, causing so-called cold flow molding defects. The present invention aims to solve these problems.

(ニ)問題点を解決するための手段 本発明は、11体と弁体支持部材とのしゆう動部を非磁
性材料製のものとすることにより、上記問題点を解決す
る。−4−なわち、本発明による射出装置のノズル封止
弁は、弁体及び弁体支持部材の全体又はこれらのしゅう
動部表面が非磁性材料製のものである。
(d) Means for Solving the Problems The present invention solves the above problems by making the sliding part between the 11 body and the valve body support member made of a non-magnetic material. -4- That is, in the nozzle sealing valve of the injection device according to the present invention, the entire valve body and valve body supporting member or the surfaces of their sliding parts are made of a non-magnetic material.

(ホ)作用 磁場中て射出成形を行うと、漏えい磁束の影習か11体
及びブ「体皮1.′i部材にも及ぶ。しかし、11体及
び11′体支持部4イは、II磁竹イ4草゛1製又はこ
れらの少なくともしゅう動部はJ1磁性ヰ4享′1製で
あるのて、しゅう動部が磁化−づ゛るごとはない。従っ
て、原料中の磁粉か磁力によってイ・1名することはな
く、磁粉のしゅう動部への侵入は従来と比較して容易て
はなくなっており、弁体の円滑なしゅう動をJ(期間に
わたって保持することができる。
(E) When injection molding is carried out in an active magnetic field, the influence of leakage magnetic flux also affects the body skin 1.'i member of body 11 and body skin 4a. Since the porcelain bamboo is made of J1 magnetic material or at least its sliding part is made of J1 magnetic material, the sliding part is not magnetized.Therefore, the magnetic powder or magnetic force in the raw material This prevents magnetic particles from entering the sliding parts more easily than in the past, and the smooth sliding of the valve body can be maintained for a period of time.

(へ)実施例 (第1実施例) 第1図に本発明の第1実施例を示す。射出装置のシリン
ダ10の先端部にバルブハウジング12が装着されてお
り、更にこのバルブハウジング12にノズル14が取り
付けられている。バルブハウジング12には、シリンダ
10の内部の室16の溶融樹脂をノズル14の内径部の
室18に送る流路20が設けられている。また、バルブ
ハウジング12の中央部には、中空のニードル支持金具
22(弁体支持部材)が取り付けられている。ニードル
支持金具22は非磁性材料製である。ニードル支持金具
22の内径部にニードル24(弁体)が軸方向にしゅう
動可能に案内されている。このニードル24も非磁性材
料製である。ニードル24の先端部はノズル14の弁座
26に名産可能である。また、ニードル24の後端はバ
ルブハウジング12の空所内に配置されたばね受金具2
8と接触している。ばね受金具28とシリンダ10との
間にスプリング30が設けられており、これによりばね
受金具28に所定の押付力を作用するようにしである。
(F) Example (First Example) FIG. 1 shows a first example of the present invention. A valve housing 12 is attached to the tip of a cylinder 10 of the injection device, and a nozzle 14 is further attached to this valve housing 12. The valve housing 12 is provided with a flow path 20 that sends the molten resin from the chamber 16 inside the cylinder 10 to the chamber 18 at the inner diameter of the nozzle 14 . Further, a hollow needle support fitting 22 (valve body support member) is attached to the center portion of the valve housing 12. The needle support fitting 22 is made of non-magnetic material. A needle 24 (valve body) is guided in the inner diameter portion of the needle support fitting 22 so as to be slidable in the axial direction. This needle 24 is also made of non-magnetic material. The tip of the needle 24 can be attached to the valve seat 26 of the nozzle 14. Further, the rear end of the needle 24 is connected to a spring receiving fitting 2 disposed within the cavity of the valve housing 12.
In contact with 8. A spring 30 is provided between the spring receiver 28 and the cylinder 10, and is designed to apply a predetermined pressing force to the spring receiver 28.

次にこの実施例の作用について説明する。シリンダ10
の室16内の溶融S+脂が加圧されていない状態では、
スプリング30からばね受金具28に作用するスプリン
グ力がニードル24に作用し、ニードル24の先端部は
ノズル14の弁座26に密着する。この状態では室1B
側の樹脂が金型32側に流出することはない、この状態
で射出装置のスクリューによって原料が溶融されつつ室
16に送られてくる。所定量の溶融樹脂がたまると、射
出装置の射出ピストンが作動し、室16内の溶融樹脂が
加圧される。この溶融樹脂は流路20を通って室18に
入り、室18の溶融樹脂の圧力が所定値まで上U、する
と、ニードル24がスプリング30の力に抗して第1図
中で右方向に押され、ニードル24の先端部の弁座26
への密着状態が解除され、溶融樹脂が金型32内に射出
される0次いで、保圧工程が行われ、所定時間後に室1
6の樹脂圧力が低下すると、スプリング30の力によっ
て再びニードル24が前進し弁座26に着圧する。これ
により1回の射出が終了し、次の射出のために原料の溶
融が開始される。
Next, the operation of this embodiment will be explained. cylinder 10
When the molten S+ fat in the chamber 16 is not pressurized,
The spring force acting on the spring receiver 28 from the spring 30 acts on the needle 24, and the tip of the needle 24 comes into close contact with the valve seat 26 of the nozzle 14. In this state, room 1B
In this state, the resin on the side does not flow out to the mold 32 side, and the raw material is sent to the chamber 16 while being melted by the screw of the injection device. When a predetermined amount of molten resin has accumulated, the injection piston of the injection device is activated, and the molten resin in the chamber 16 is pressurized. The molten resin enters the chamber 18 through the channel 20, and when the pressure of the molten resin in the chamber 18 rises to a predetermined value, the needle 24 moves to the right in FIG. 1 against the force of the spring 30. When pressed, the valve seat 26 at the tip of the needle 24
The state of close contact with the mold 32 is released, and the molten resin is injected into the mold 32.Next, a pressure holding process is performed, and after a predetermined time, the chamber 1
When the resin pressure at 6 decreases, the needle 24 moves forward again by the force of the spring 30 and presses against the valve seat 26. This completes one injection and starts melting the raw material for the next injection.

上述のような射出工程の直前から保圧工程の間、第2図
に示すような工程に従って、金型32には所定の磁場が
作用する。これにより溶融樹脂中の磁粉を配向させるこ
とができる。金型32に作用させた磁場の影習はノズル
14、バルブハウジング12.ニードル支持金具22.
ニードル24などにも及ぶ、しかし、ニードル支持金具
22及びニードル24は非磁性材料製であるので、これ
らが磁化することはない、従って、溶融樹脂中の@粉が
ニードル支1、X金具22及びニードル24に磁力によ
って(・j 7i−4−ることばない。従って、ニード
ル24の周囲の磁粉は、ニードル24かニードル支持金
具22の内径部をしゅう動する際に在き込まれることは
なく容易に除去される。
A predetermined magnetic field acts on the mold 32 according to the steps shown in FIG. 2 from just before the injection step to during the pressure holding step as described above. This allows the magnetic particles in the molten resin to be oriented. The effect of the magnetic field applied to the mold 32 is the nozzle 14, the valve housing 12. Needle support fitting 22.
However, since the needle support fitting 22 and the needle 24 are made of non-magnetic material, they will not become magnetized. Therefore, the @ powder in the molten resin will spread to the needle support 1, the X fitting 22, and the like. Therefore, the magnetic particles around the needle 24 are not easily entrapped by the magnetic force on the needle 24 when the needle 24 or the inner diameter of the needle support fitting 22 is slid. will be removed.

従って、ニードル支持金具22に対するニート°ル24
のしゅう動は常に円滑に行われ、確実にバルブ開閉〃ノ
イ1を行わせることかできる。これによりニードル24
の先端部は弁W26に確実に密着し、溶融樹脂が漏わる
ことが防止される。従って、漏れた溶融樹脂により金型
が破損するといった不1を合の発生及びいわゆるコール
ドフローによる成形不良の発生を助IF″′4−ること
かできる。
Therefore, the needle 24 relative to the needle support fitting 22
The sliding movement is always smooth and the valve can be opened and closed reliably. This allows the needle 24
The tip of the valve W26 is in close contact with the valve W26 to prevent molten resin from leaking. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the occurrence of defects such as breakage of the mold due to leaked molten resin and the occurrence of molding defects due to so-called cold flow.

なお、この実施例ではニードル支持金具22及びニード
ル24仝体を非磁性材料製としたが、ニードル支持金具
22の内径部及びニードル24の外径部のみ、すなわち
しゆう動部のみを非磁性材料製の被膜によって覆うよう
にすることもできる。
In this embodiment, the needle support fitting 22 and the needle 24 are made of non-magnetic material, but only the inner diameter part of the needle support fitting 22 and the outer diameter part of the needle 24, that is, only the sliding part, are made of non-magnetic material. It can also be covered with a made-of-oil film.

(第2実施例) 第3及び4図に本発明の第2実施例を示す。この第2実
旅例は、回転へりの封止弁に本発明を通用したものであ
る。すなわち、ノズルハウシング12の流路20の途中
にブ「体皮持金Jt、52(ブr体支J、S部4イ)が
設けられており、弁体支持金Jt52の内径部に11体
54か回転方向にしゅう動可能に設りられている。弁体
支持金J1.52及び弁体54には共に半径方向にL′
↓通する穴52a及び54aか設りられており、弁体5
4の所定の回転方向位置て穴52aと穴54aとが連通
し、これ以外の回転方向位置に弁体54を回転させた状
態ては流路20が遮断される状態となるようにしである
(Second Embodiment) FIGS. 3 and 4 show a second embodiment of the present invention. In this second actual journey example, the present invention was applied to a sealing valve on a rotating edge. That is, a valve body support Jt, 52 (B body support J, S part 4A) is provided in the middle of the flow path 20 of the nozzle housing 12, and 11 bodies are provided on the inner diameter part of the valve body support Jt52. The valve body support J1.52 and the valve body 54 are both provided with an L' in the radial direction.
↓There are holes 52a and 54a to pass through, and the valve body 5
The holes 52a and 54a communicate with each other at a predetermined position in the rotational direction of FIG.

弁体54はレバー56及びリンク58を介して流体圧シ
リンダ60によって回転駆動可能である。
The valve body 54 can be rotationally driven by a hydraulic cylinder 60 via a lever 56 and a link 58.

弁体支持金具52及び弁体54は共に非磁性材料製とし
である。この第2実施例の場合も、弁体支持金共52及
び弁体54を非磁性材料製とすることにより、磁粉の付
着が防止され、弁体54と弁体支持金具52との円滑な
回転方向のしゆう動を長期間にわたって持続することが
できる。この第2実施例においてもしゆう動部の表面の
みを非磁性材料製とすることもできる。
Both the valve body support fitting 52 and the valve body 54 are made of non-magnetic material. In the case of this second embodiment as well, since the valve body support 52 and the valve body 54 are made of non-magnetic material, adhesion of magnetic particles is prevented, and smooth rotation of the valve body 54 and the valve body support 52 is prevented. Directional movements can be sustained over long periods of time. In this second embodiment, only the surface of the sliding part may be made of non-magnetic material.

(第3実施例) 第5及び6図に本発明の第3実施例を示す。この第3実
施例は、往復動梨のノズル封止弁に本発明を適用したも
のである。すなわち、ノズルハウジング12の流路20
の途中に設けられた弁体支持金具72内に軸方向に移動
可能な弁体74が設けられており、弁体74が弁体支持
金具72に対して所定の軸方向位置にあるとき、流路2
0を連通させる通路が形成され、これ以外の位置では流
路20が遮断されるようにしである。弁体はリンクフロ
及び78を介して流体圧シリンダ80によって軸方向に
駆動される。弁体支持金具72及び弁体74は非磁性材
料製としである。この第3実施例においても前述の第1
実施例及び第2実施例と同様の作用・効果を得ることが
できる。
(Third Embodiment) FIGS. 5 and 6 show a third embodiment of the present invention. In this third embodiment, the present invention is applied to a nozzle sealing valve for a reciprocating pear. That is, the flow path 20 of the nozzle housing 12
A valve body 74 that is movable in the axial direction is provided in a valve body support fitting 72 provided in the middle of the valve body, and when the valve body 74 is at a predetermined axial position with respect to the valve body support fitting 72, the flow is stopped. Road 2
0 is formed, and the flow path 20 is blocked at other positions. The valve body is driven in the axial direction by a hydraulic cylinder 80 via a link flow and 78. The valve body support fitting 72 and the valve body 74 are made of non-magnetic material. In this third embodiment, the above-mentioned first
The same functions and effects as in the embodiment and the second embodiment can be obtained.

(ト)発明の詳細 な説明してきたように、本発明によると、射出装置のノ
ズル封止弁の弁体及び弁体支持部材の料製としたので、
磁場中での射出成形の際の漏えい磁束によって弁体及び
弁体支持部材が磁化されることはなく、磁粉の付着が防
止される。これにより弁体と弁体支持部材とのしゆう動
が円滑に行われ、確実に溶融樹脂を封止することができ
るようになり、溶融樹脂の漏れによる金型破損、成形不
良などの不具合の発生を防止することができる。
(g) As described in detail, according to the present invention, the valve body and the valve body support member of the nozzle sealing valve of the injection device are made of a material.
The valve body and the valve body support member are not magnetized by leakage magnetic flux during injection molding in a magnetic field, and adhesion of magnetic particles is prevented. This allows for smooth movement between the valve body and the valve body support member, making it possible to reliably seal the molten resin, thereby preventing defects such as mold damage and molding defects due to molten resin leakage. Occurrence can be prevented.

【図面の簡単な説明】[Brief explanation of drawings]

第1図は本発明の第1実施例を示す図、第2図は磁場中
での射出成形の工程を示す図、第3図は第2実施例を示
す図、第4図は第3図の矢印IV力方向見た図、第5図
は第3実施例を示す図、第6図は第5図の矢印V1方向
に見た図である。 10・・・シリンダ、12・・・バルブハウジング、1
4・・・ノズル、22・・・ニードル支持金具(弁体支
持部材)、24・・・ニードル(弁体)、26・・・弁
座。 特許出願人  株式会社日本製鋼所 行理人 弁理士 宮内利行 第3図 第4図 56586゜ 口 第5図 第6図 !2 !
Fig. 1 shows the first embodiment of the present invention, Fig. 2 shows the injection molding process in a magnetic field, Fig. 3 shows the second embodiment, and Fig. 4 shows the third embodiment. FIG. 5 is a view showing the third embodiment, and FIG. 6 is a view seen in the direction of arrow V1 in FIG. 10...Cylinder, 12...Valve housing, 1
4... Nozzle, 22... Needle support fitting (valve body support member), 24... Needle (valve body), 26... Valve seat. Patent applicant Japan Steel Works Co., Ltd. Patent attorney Toshiyuki Miyauchi Figure 3 Figure 4 56586° Exit Figure 5 Figure 6! 2!

Claims (1)

【特許請求の範囲】 弁体を弁体支持部材に対してしゅう動させて移動又は回
転させることによりノズルを開閉する射出装置のノズル
封止弁において、 弁体及び弁体支持部材の全体又はこれらのしゅう動部表
面が非磁性材料製のものであることを特徴とする射出装
置のノズル封止弁。
[Claims] A nozzle sealing valve for an injection device that opens and closes a nozzle by sliding, moving or rotating the valve body relative to the valve body support member, comprising: the entirety of the valve body and the valve body support member; A nozzle sealing valve for an injection device, characterized in that the surface of the sliding part is made of a non-magnetic material.
JP8584887A 1987-04-09 1987-04-09 Sealing valve of nozzle of injection device Granted JPS63252710A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8584887A JPS63252710A (en) 1987-04-09 1987-04-09 Sealing valve of nozzle of injection device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP8584887A JPS63252710A (en) 1987-04-09 1987-04-09 Sealing valve of nozzle of injection device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
JPS63252710A true JPS63252710A (en) 1988-10-19
JPH0453689B2 JPH0453689B2 (en) 1992-08-27

Family

ID=13870293

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP8584887A Granted JPS63252710A (en) 1987-04-09 1987-04-09 Sealing valve of nozzle of injection device

Country Status (1)

Country Link
JP (1) JPS63252710A (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04520U (en) * 1990-04-14 1992-01-06
JPH0458316U (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-05-19
EP0681900A2 (en) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-15 Jobst Ulrich Gellert Injection molding nozzle with two removable inserts

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH04520U (en) * 1990-04-14 1992-01-06
JPH0458316U (en) * 1990-09-21 1992-05-19
EP0681900A2 (en) * 1994-05-11 1995-11-15 Jobst Ulrich Gellert Injection molding nozzle with two removable inserts
EP0681900A3 (en) * 1994-05-11 1996-09-04 Gellert Jobst U Injection molding nozzle with two removable inserts.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0453689B2 (en) 1992-08-27

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