JPS6324964B2 - - Google Patents

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

The present invention relates to an agent for raising healthy rice seedlings. It is a well-known fact that recently, rice farming in Japan has been rapidly mechanized, and techniques for raising seedlings, transplanting, weeding, and harvesting have significantly advanced, contributing greatly to improved agricultural productivity. However, with the spread of new technology, new problems have arisen. Among these, the most important problem is that of the decline in rice seedling quality due to the introduction of new seedling raising techniques with the spread of mechanical transplantation. That is, in today's rice seedling production, the box-raised method is common, but because this method aims to produce seedlings that are suitable for mechanical transplantation, the sowing density of rice seeds is extremely high. For example, in the case of raising young seedlings, the amount of seeds sown per box is 200 to 250 g, which is 5 to 10 times the seeding density of the conventional seedling method. For this reason, seedlings tend to have poor growth, and deterioration in seedling quality has become a problem. In addition, since seedlings are usually grown in a greenhouse, the lack of sunlight and high temperature and humidity during the seedling raising period can result in seedlings with significantly reduced quality, such as elongated, yellowed, or sickly seedlings. There are many things.
Furthermore, if these seedlings with deteriorated seedling quality are transplanted into Honda fields, they will be easily attacked by pests and pathogens, have poor rooting ability, and will be less resistant to changes in weather conditions, requiring a great deal of cost and effort. Despite this, there are often cases where the revenue decreases. In view of the current state of rice seedling production, the present inventors aimed to improve as much as possible the problems in seedling production using the box seedling method, and to produce healthy rice seedlings with improved seedling quality using a simple usage method. For several years, we have been studying organic synthetic drugs and natural products, but in the process, we unexpectedly discovered that acidic substances were present in pyroligneous vinegar and/or components extracted from pyroligneous vinegar with organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, chloroform, and benzene. We have discovered that by adding this to the soil before sowing or spraying it after sowing, it is possible to grow healthy rice seedlings with significantly improved seedling quality compared to when each of these is used alone. completed. That is, the present invention is a rice seedling nurturing agent characterized by adding an acidic substance to pyroligneous vinegar and/or a component extracted from pyroligneous vinegar with an organic solvent to develop a synergistic effect of the effects of both. Examples of the acidic substance used in the present invention include inorganic acids such as sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid, organic acids such as acetic acid, oxalic acid, and phthalic acid, and substances that exhibit acidity when dissolved in water, such as sulfur. The action of this drug is particularly effective when treated with rice, but of course it can also be applied to other crops and horticultural plants under specific conditions. For example, it can prevent elongated seedlings of eggplants, cucumbers, melons, onions, strawberries, and Asteraceae, as well as yellowing bacteria, wilt bacteria, and weak bacteria, and produce healthy seedlings with improved seedling quality. The wood vinegar used in the present invention is a substance that can be easily obtained by a charcoal kiln method or a carbonization method depending on the type of wood or bamboo, and is economically inexpensive and has low toxicity to warm-blooded animals and fish and shellfish.
It is a highly safe substance with no residual toxicity, and it is possible to grow healthy seedlings even when used alone, but it does not promote growth underground, especially when growing seedlings in poor soil (for example, soil with a pH of 7 or higher). Although it is remarkable, it has the disadvantage that the growth promoting effect of the aboveground part is weak. On the other hand, the acidic substances used in the mixture, such as sulfur, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and citric acid, are widely used for agricultural and industrial purposes. Especially when it comes to application to rice seedling raising,
Sulfur, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, citric acid, humic acid, etc. are usually used to adjust the pH of seedling bed soil to 5.0 to 5.5, which is the optimum pH for rice growth. When sulfur or sulfuric acid is used, it is known to promote the growth of above-ground parts, but the major drawback is that the scope of its application is narrow. The seedling raising agent of the present invention, which is a mixture of the two, compensates for the drawbacks of each when used alone, and due to the synergistic effect of the effects of both, it has the effect of promoting underground growth, which is the effect of wood vinegar, and the effect of promoting acidic substances. The above-ground growth promoting effect of moderately lowering the PH of the seedling bed soil is simultaneously expressed, and the above-ground and underground growth of rice seedlings is significantly promoted more than when each is used alone. be. Moreover, its further advantages are that it is both economical and safe, is easy to handle, and is extremely simple to use, making it extremely useful in practice as a growth agent for healthy rice seedlings. . When carrying out the present invention, this agent may be diluted as is with water to a predetermined concentration, or it may be added to common agricultural chemical preparations such as bed soil, compost, peat moss, humus, charcoal powder, talc, clay, perlite, vermiculite, etc. Granules, wettable powders, powders, etc. can be prepared and used by mixing or adsorbing them into the carrier to be used. Furthermore, if necessary, it can be used in combination with pesticides or fertilizers to widen the range of application. When creating this drug, acidic substances are generally added to wood vinegar and/or wood vinegar extract components.
It is desirable to mix in a proportion of 0.01 to 10 parts by weight, but it is of course possible to increase or decrease the mixing proportion depending on the purpose of use or the type of dosage form. For example, in the case of raising rice seedlings in boxes, the concentration of the active ingredient in the treatment of this drug is 0.01 to 1 in the bed soil.
It is appropriate to mix or spray at a ratio of 1.5%, but of course the amount used can be increased or decreased depending on the type of soil, climate, and region. In addition, the best time to treat this chemical is usually before and after sowing or transplanting, but in order to particularly increase the effect, it is best to mix it into the soil before sowing, in which case the quality of the seedlings will significantly improve. Seedlings are obtained. Next, the present invention will be explained by giving experimental examples and examples. Experimental Example 1 A predetermined amount of an aqueous solution prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 and a predetermined amount of granules prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 were uniformly stirred and mixed with 4 kg of field soil (PH6.50). the
3.2Kg in a seedling box (made of perforated plastic, length 30cm x
Next, 150g of germinated rice seeds (Nipponbare) were sown, and the remaining 0.8kg was covered with soil, followed by normal germination and greening treatment, and then placed in a greenhouse at 23-25℃. Seedlings were grown to the 3.2 leaf stage. After emergence and during the transplanting period, the pH of the bed soil was measured using the glass electrode method, and the growth of 100 rice seedlings was investigated to determine the healthy seedling rate. The results are shown in Table 1. In addition, the healthy seedling rate is when the seedling age is 3.1 to 3.213
It was defined as the percentage (%) of healthy seedlings within the range of ~15 cm and with a dry weight of 20 mg or more.

[Table] Experimental Example 2 A predetermined amount of granules prepared in the same manner as in Example 2 described later was uniformly stirred and mixed into 4 kg of seedling bed soil.
First, add 3.2 kg of bed soil to a seedling raising box (made of perforated plastic, 30 cm long x wide) along with fertilizer for seedling raising (NPK 2 g each).
60 cm x 3 cm deep), and 200 g of germinating rice seeds (Sasanishiki) were sown. Then the remaining soil 0.8
After covering with soil in Kg, the seeds were heated in a seedling nursery for 48 hours to allow them to germinate. Thereafter, greening treatment was performed at 25°C for 2 days, and seedlings were raised for 27 days in a greenhouse with an average temperature of 18°C. The rice seedling raising survey was carried out on 100 individuals in each district, including seedling age, seedling height, and
The number of roots and aboveground dry weight were measured. The result is the second
As shown in the table.

[Table] Experimental Example 3 A predetermined amount of a hydrating agent prepared in the same manner as in Example 3 described below was uniformly stirred and mixed into 4 kg of Arakita soil.
3.2 kg of that was put into a seedling box (made of perforated plastic, 30 cm long x 60 cm wide x 3 deep) along with seedling fertilizer.
cm) Nitsume, germinating rice seeds (Japanese masari) 100
g was sown. Next, cover with the remaining 0.8 kg of soil,
The usual budding and greening treatments were carried out. Thereafter, the rice seedlings were grown in a glass greenhouse with an average temperature of 25°C until the 3.8 to 4.1 leaf stage, and then five seedlings were transplanted into the center of a 1/2000 are pot. After transplantation, the pots were kept in a Phytotron at 13-15°C and grown for 14 days. Growth was investigated on 40 rice seedlings 14 days after transplanting by measuring the ratio of cold-injury drugs, which are typical symptoms of cold-injury, fresh weight, and new root status. The result is the third
As shown in the table.

[Table] Experimental Example 4 A predetermined amount of a powder prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 described below was uniformly stirred and mixed with 4 kg of paddy soil together with fertilizer for raising seedlings, and 3.2 kg of the powder was added to a seedling raising box (made of perforated plastic, It was packed to a size of 30cm long x 60cm wide x 3cm deep. Then 200g of germinated rice seeds (Nipponbare)
After sowing, the soil was covered with the remaining 0.8 kg of soil, and the usual sprouting and greening treatments were performed. then 23-25
After growing seedlings in a greenhouse at ℃ until the 3.5-leaf stage (21 days after sowing), the rice seedlings in each treatment area were pruned leaving 0.5 cm of the roots, and five seedlings were transplanted into 1/10,000 are pots. The pots were maintained in a greenhouse at 25-28°C, and after 14 days, the survival and early growth of rice seedlings were investigated. The results are shown in Table 4.

[Table] Experimental Example 5 A predetermined amount of an aqueous solvent prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 described below was diluted with 500 ml of water and placed in a hydroponic pot.
Next, 20 germinated rice seeds (Nipponbare) were sown and grown for 14 days in a growth chamber at 30°C and 5000 lux. In the growth survey, plant height, root length, and first leaf yellowing rate were measured for 20 rice seedlings.
The results are shown in Table 5.

【table】

[Table] Examples are shown below. Note that "parts" in the examples represent parts by weight. Example 1 Rice cake vinegar solution 50 parts Concentrated sulfuric acid 10 parts Water 40 parts A predetermined amount of pyroligneous vinegar and concentrated sulfuric acid were added to water, stirred and mixed, and used as a water solvent. Example 2 Wood vinegar 40 parts Sulfur 10 parts Vermiculite 50 parts A predetermined amount of wood vinegar and sulfur were added to vermiculite, stirred and mixed, and used as granules. Example 3 Wood vinegar extract (ethyl acetate extraction fraction) 10 parts Sulfur 10 parts Phthalic acid 15 parts Sodium ligninsulfonate 3 parts Polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether 2 parts Clay 60 parts The above ingredients were stirred and mixed to form a wettable powder. use Example 4 Wood vinegar extract (chloroform extraction fraction)
10 parts succinic acid 20 parts clay 70 parts Stir and mix the above ingredients and use as a powder.

Claims (1)

[Claims] 1 Component b is added to 1 part by weight of component a as described below.
A rice seedling growth agent containing 0.01 to 3.0 parts by weight. a Wood vinegar or/and components extracted from wood vinegar. b One or more selected from sulfuric acid, sulfur, citric acid, and succinic acid.