JPS63144750A - Motor - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To obtain the output effectively by producing dislocation between poles and armature, and to generate the flux efficiently by eliminating the winding that straddle the slots. CONSTITUTION:A rotor 5 is to have 8 poles with a geometrical angle per pole pi/4. A stator 1 is arranged in combination of a wide armature covering the same central angle as the pole with a narrow armature covering a narrower central angle pi/6. To each armature of a stator 1 the current of three phases A, B and C is conducted for each 2pi/3. On this occasion, all the poles produce rightward rotating force where the pole N2 of a rotor 5 is repulsed by the armature pole NA and attracted to the armature pole SB. The pole S1 of the rotor 5 and the armature pole SA as well as the pole N1 of the rotor 5 and the armature pole NA are respectively situated at the neutral position, but the force will be produced rightwards if the rotor rotates rightwards even in a small degree.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention] (Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a motor.

(About terminology) In this specification, a magnetic pole refers to a mechanical element that generates a magnetic field of a certain polarity, such as a permanent magnet or an electromagnet, and an armature refers to a rotor or a stator, whether it is a ferrous core or a non-ferrous core. A mechanical element that generates a magnetic field by winding a coil around an iron core or something that replaces it. Also, if it is a coil that generates a magnetic field,
An air-core coil may be included if necessary.

In addition, armatures that have several cores wrapped around one coil, and armatures that have coils wound around each adjacent core in the same direction, each function as an I magnetic pole. It is regarded as one armature.

The central angle occupied by the magnetic pole and armature refers to the central angle from the boundary to each adjacent machine element, and when there is a gap between each adjacent machine element, from the center of the gap to the gap. The central angle to the center of However, it goes without saying that when expressing electrical phase, the expression is electrical angle.

Furthermore, a full-section pinch armature means that the central angle of the armature is approximately the same as the central angle occupied by each magnetic pole.

(Industrial application field) The present invention relates to a motor.

(Prior art) In a conventional motor, an armature is used as a stator, and an alternating current is passed through it to generate a magnetic field that changes in an apparent upward rotation shape on the outside of each armature. In a device that rotates a rotor consisting of a It was normal.

(Problems to be Solved by the Invention) In the conventional motor as described above, since the coils are wound overlappingly and the coils are wound across the armature pole as described above, when looking at a certain moment, Current may flow simultaneously in opposite directions to the coils surrounding one armature pole, and each coil is wound across multiple armature poles, so the slot-straddling portion For reasons such as a coil being generated and a current flowing in this part in vain without directly contributing to the generation of magnetic flux, it could not be said that the power used was sufficiently contributing to the generation of rotational force.

In addition, to solve this problem, motors using armatures configured with one pole and one coil winding can be seen, but conventional motors using armatures with one pole and one coil winding are only short-pitch winding. Met.

In this case, the coil has short windings, so it is not possible to obtain sufficient output compared to the weight of the motor, and the energizing range is limited to 1.
40°, etc., and 180° of the current of each phase
If current is applied at a phase close to 180 degrees or a phase slightly exceeding 180 degrees, this electric power has the disadvantage that it becomes a force that prevents the motor from rotating or causes it to rotate in the opposite direction.

(Means and effects for solving the problems) The present invention eliminates the above-mentioned drawbacks, allows only one phase current to flow through one coil, and winds one coil per pole to straddle the slot. The purpose of this invention is to provide a motor that is configured so that the coil is not wound around the armature, while the armature generates magnetic flux in the direction of rotating the rotor, and that enables 180° energization. Of the stator and rotor, one is composed of magnetic poles occupying a central angle obtained by equally dividing the entire circumference of 360° by an integer, and the other is composed of magnetic poles occupying a central angle that is approximately the same as the width of the magnetic poles. It is composed of a wide armature with a full pitch and an armature with a narrower short pitch, and the coils of each armature are connected so as to rotate by 180° energization.

(Example) The present invention will be described below in detail based on an example shown in the drawings.

FIG. 1 is a conceptual front view of a three-phase eight-pole motor which is an embodiment of the motor of the present invention. However, in reality, the coil 4 of the fixed armature is wound a large number of times in one coil per pole.
To avoid complication of the drawing, the number of turns of each coil is shown as two turns.

In the figure, a stator 1 is placed in a frame (not shown).
...and rotor 5, and stator 1...
The rotor 5 is made to rotate around the outer periphery of the rotor 5.

The number of magnetic poles of the rotor 5 is selected based on the design, but in this case, eight poles are selected, and for this purpose, the number of magnetic poles provided on the inner circumferential surface of the rotor 5 (geometric angle 2π) is selected. N,
S is equally divided into an integer, for example, eight poles, and the angle occupied by each pole is set to 2π÷8=π/4, and these are arranged alternately on the inner peripheral surface of the rotor 5. Here, the rotor 5 is composed of a permanent magnet or an armature wound with a coil for flowing direct current.

On the other hand, the stator 1 has a wide armature 2 which occupies the same central angle as the magnetic poles, that is, has a full pitch, and a narrow armature 2' which occupies a central angle narrower than the central angle occupied by the wide armature. In the embodiment shown in the drawing, the arrangement of wide armature 2, wide armature 2, and narrow armature 2' is adopted, and the A phase is connected to the armatures in this range. The wide armature 2 and the narrow armature 2' are similarly arranged in the next 120° range, and the B-phase current is passed through the armatures in this range. The armatures located within the range of 100° are arranged in the same manner, and the armatures located within this range are wired so that the C-phase current is passed through them. As shown in the figure, the coil is wound in one pole and one coil using the slot 3 portion, and the conductor that straddles the slot 3 is only the connection portion, and the coil portion does not straddle the slot 3.

In this case, adjacent armatures of the same phase are wound with coils in opposite directions. Therefore, a large number of iron cores narrower than this may be arranged and the coils may be wound in the same direction around the armature in a portion occupying the same central angle as each of the armatures.

Furthermore, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1 above, a case was explained in which two wide armatures were arranged and then a narrow armature was arranged within the range of angles at which the currents of the two phases flow. The arrangement of the armatures is not limited to this, and even if you design a narrow armature between two wide armatures within the above range, the same effect and effect will be obtained.
This is where the effect can be obtained and can be freely selected as a matter of design.

Incidentally, the angle occupied by each armature refers to the angle from the center to the center of each adjacent electric machine gap on the outer periphery of the stator.

It goes without saying that these equations can be applied not only to the 3-phase 8-pole motor but also to polyphase AC motors.

Next, the operation of the motor configured as described above will be explained.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the operating principle of the three-phase eight-pole motor shown in FIG. 1.

In the figure, the magnetic poles of each armature of the upper rotor 5 and lower stator 1 are shown in a developed view.

Of these, the rotor 5 has magnetic poles N and S of π/4 in mechanical angle.
Each area is divided into 8 equal parts. - On the other hand, three-phase currents A, B, and C are applied to each armature 2.2' of the stator 1 every 2π/3.

And within this one phase, there are 2 armatures 2 occupying a wide width of π/4.
This shows that one armature 2' occupying a narrow width of π/6 is arranged.

The lower part shows the alternating magnetic field generated in the stator 2 at the moment when the three-way current is applied. The reason why the magnetic fields are in opposite directions within the same phase is because the winding directions of each armature are opposite.

In this relationship, it is assumed that the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 are arranged in the order of NI, St, Nz, S2-' from the left in the figure, and when N1 is on the left end side, its -rotation is Let it be Oo at the full circumference of 2π. The instantaneous magnetic field generated by passing a 3-sum current through the coils 4 wound around the armatures 2゜2' of the stator 1 is A.

Draw waveforms as shown at the bottom of the figure for each phase of B and C (.

The armature 2.2 in each phase of A, B, and C of the stator 1
The magnetic poles of '... are indicated by the magnetic pole symbol N in the same figure
Excite as shown in A, SA...

At this time, N2 is repelled by NA and attracted to SB. S2 is repelled by SB and attracted to NB, and so on until S4, all magnetic poles produce an output that rotates to the right in the drawing. However, NI and NA, S, and SA form a neutral zone, but if the rotor rotates even slightly to the right, N is repelled by NA and attracted to SA, and Sl is repelled by SA and NA An output that causes the rotor 5 to rotate clockwise is generated across all poles, such that the rotor 5 is attracted to the magnet.

And the magnetic poles N+, St, Nz... of the rotor 5
... moves to the right by π/12 in mechanical angle, the relationship between the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 and stator 1 becomes as shown in FIG. That is, at this point, the phase of the current flowing through each phase of A, B, and C advances by π/3 in electrical angle, and as shown in FIG. 3, the direction of the magnetic field in phase C changes, so that The polarity of the stator 1 is reversed from that in FIG. At that time, as expected, NI repels NA and is attracted to SA, and Sl and S
The rotor 5 produces an output that rotates in the right direction, such as being repelled by A and attracted by NA. However, 83, 5C2N4 and NG in the same figure are neutral zones,
If the rotor rotates even slightly to the right, S3 will repel the SC and be attracted to the NC, and N4 will repel the NC and be attracted to the SC, producing an output that rotates clockwise across all poles. Figures 4 to 7 show the points at which the rotor 5 has moved to the right by π/12 in mechanical angle and the phase of the current flowing through stator 1 has advanced by π/3 in electrical angle compared to the previous time. The polarity of the rotor 5 and stator 1 is shown in FIG. That is, in FIG. 4, the direction of the magnetic field generated in the B phase is opposite to that in FIG. 3, and furthermore, in FIG.
The magnetic poles of the stator 1 change as shown in the figure, but at any point the relationship between the rotor 5 and stator 1 is the same as that described in Figures 1 and 2. at all positions (but in the neutral zone,
It will be understood that an output is produced that rotates the rotor 5 to the right (same as in the descriptions of FIGS. 1 and 2).

Next, it will be explained that this motor rotates 180 degrees when energized.

FIG. 8 is a developed view similar to FIG. 2, showing a state in which the rotor consisting of magnetic poles has rotated slightly to the right in the drawing from the state shown in FIG. 2.

As can be easily determined from the figure, even immediately after the electrical angle of 180° in this motor, the direction of the magnetic field of each armature generated by this energization has a force that rotates the magnetic pole 5 of the rotor in the right direction in the figure. , can be understood by the same explanation as above.

FIG. 9 is a drawing similar to FIG. 2, showing a state where the position of the magnetic pole 5 of the rotor is just before reaching the position shown in FIG. 3, that is, the magnetic pole is slightly returned to the left in the drawing compared to FIG. 3.

As shown in the figure, even when the motor is on the verge of 180 degrees of electricity, the direction of the magnetic field of each armature resulting from this energization produces a force that rotates the magnetic pole 5 of the rotor in the right direction in the figure, as described above. I can understand.

In this way, it can be understood that in the motor of the present invention, even when the alternating current is just before 180° or just after 180°, the magnetic field generated in each armature is generated with a polarity that is useful for motor rotation. Good morning.

(Other Embodiments) The above description has been made using a three-phase eight-pole motor as an example, but a person skilled in the art can freely select and design the number of phases and the number of poles as long as the requirements described in the claims are satisfied. It goes without saying that the armature of the present invention may be used for the rotor 5 and the stator 1 may be a field magnet such as a permanent magnet. Examples of the term armature include when it refers to an armature and when it refers to a mechanical element as opposed to a field magnet, but the term is not limited to these.

In addition, in cases where a particularly lightweight design is required,
It is also possible to use an air-core coil as the armature of the present invention.

In addition, in order to obtain a predetermined magnetic flux distribution, for example, a wide armature 2
The coil may be wound so that the armature is divided into several parts and the divided armatures have the same polarity.

(Effects of the Invention) The present invention is configured and operates as described above. In contrast to the angle occupied by the N and S magnetic poles provided equally on the inside of the rotor 5, the angle occupied by the magnetic poles in the stator 1 is A in the case of three phases.

By providing an armature with a full pitch and an armature with a short pitch in each phase of B and C, the stator 1
However, no matter what angle the rotor 5 is positioned, magnetic poles that do not match each other will always appear, and the coils 4 wound around the armatures 2, 2', etc. of the stator 1. ...
... can adopt a method of winding all the windings even though each ball is wound one coil.

Generally, in such a motor, as shown in Fig. 10, which shows the relationship between the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 and the magnetic poles of the armature 2, the relationship between the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 and the armature 2 is shown in Fig. 10. The maximum output is produced, and the moment the relationship as shown in (B) and (C) in the same figure is reached, there is a dead zone and no output is produced. The same figure (A) where each magnetic pole of 2 is in any position at any time.
The relationship is as follows, and the magnetic poles of the rotor 5 and the magnetic poles of the armature 2 are misaligned, which works effectively to generate rotational output, and is lightweight compared to the weight of the iron core and coil. Moreover, a motor that generates a large output can be obtained. (2) Since there is no coil spanning each iron core, the motor can be designed to be thin. (3) Since there is no magnetic flux that is canceled out at the moment of formation like in a conventional AC motor, and there is no coil that spans each iron core, the coil can be short, and therefore the inductance generated in the coil is also reduced. (3) 180°
Since it is configured to rotate when energized, there are many advantages, such as the need to move the rotor magnetic pole position detection sensor when operating with 120° energization or 180° energization. .

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

FIG. 1 is a conceptual front view of a three-phase eight-pole motor that is an embodiment of the present invention, and FIGS. 2 and 3 are for explaining the operating principle of the three-phase eight-pole motor shown in FIG. Figures 4, 5, 6, and 7 are diagrams comparing the rotor, armature, and magnetic field; Figures 8 and 9 are diagrams comparing the same rotor and armature; Figures 8 and 9 are diagrams of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram similar to FIG. 2 to prove that the motor rotates by 180° when energized, and FIG. 9 is a diagram comparing the positional relationship between the stator and rotor in the motor. In the diagram, 1...stator, 2.2'...armature, 3.
...Slot, 4...Coil, 5...Rotor. Patent applicant Nippon Ferrofluidics Figure 1

Claims (1)

[Claims] Of the stator and rotor, one is composed of magnetic poles occupying a central angle obtained by equally dividing the entire circumference of 360° by an integer, and the other is composed of magnetic poles that occupy a central angle that is almost the same as the width of the magnetic poles. A motor consisting of an armature and an armature with a shorter pitch than this, and wired so as to rotate by 180° energization.